The National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) said on Thursday it has arrested a suspect in Faisalabad for allegedly defrauding citizens through a TikTok account advertising visas for Saudi Arabia.

A case has been registered against the suspect, who allegedly “used fabricated documents and transferred fraudulent proceeds into bank accounts in collaboration with other” co-suspects, the agency said on X.

NCCIA said it recovered two mobile phones, 10 fake SIMs, an Easypaisa account and an alleged merchant account during the operation.

“Strict legal action will be taken against those using social media platforms to rob citizens on the pretext of overseas jobs and visas,” NCCIA Director General Syed Ali Nasir Rizvi said in a statement issued by the agency’s spokesperson.

He also urged citizens not to transfer money without verifying visa offers on social media and to immediately report any suspicious account to NCCIA.

According to the agency’s statistics for 2026, financial fraud remains the most widely reported cybercrime, constituting 48 per cent of all received complaints.

On Oct 10, NCCIA arrested 281 suspects, including 21 foreign nationals and 20 women, during operations against seven illegal call centres allegedly involved in financial fraud, online harassment and honey-trapping in Lahore.

In September, NCCIA, along with the Federal Investigation Agency, arrested six suspects involved in cyber fraud and financial scams, illegal money exchange and human trafficking across Punjab.

Pakistan and the European Union (EU) have agreed to strengthen cooperation at multilateral forums, including the United Nations, to advance a coherent counterterrorism approach, according to a statement issued by the Foreign Office (FO) on Thursday.

The agreement was reached during the 10th round of the Pakistan-EU Bilateral Counterterrorism Dialogue, held in Islamabad.

The Pakistani delegation was led by Dr Fareha Bugti, director general (counterterrorism), while the EU side was headed by Anna Strazska, the European External Action Service’s special envoy for counterterrorism.

During the meeting, the two sides exchanged views on recent regional and global developments affecting the terrorism threat landscape and unequivocally condemned terrorism in all its forms, reaffirming their commitment to combating the threat.

According to FO, the EU condemned recent terrorist attacks in Pakistan, expressed solidarity with the suffering of affected civilians and recognised the value of Pakistan’s efforts to combat terrorism.

“Acknowledging each other’s role in the ongoing global fight against terrorism, Pakistan and the EU expressed concern at the security implications of the situation in Afghanistan,” the statement added.

The two sides maintained that effective multilateralism remained essential to building lasting international consensus on terrorism.

The discussions also addressed the evolving nature of terrorist threats, including the exploitation of cyberspace and information and energy resources to advance their objectives, the statement said.

The FO said Pakistan and the EU exchanged best practices on preventing and countering violent extremism, terrorism financing and radicalisation in all forms, particularly the use of cyberspace by terrorists.

It added that the “two sides identified priority areas for cooperation and reaffirmed their commitment to regular, institutionalised engagement on counterterrorism”.

The FO said the next round of the dialogue would be held in Brussels at a mutually convenient date next year.

The dialogue comes as Pakistan’s counterterrorism challenge enters a new and more complex phase, with terrorist groups evolving their methods of financing and recruitment.

On Tuesday, an international seminar on Pakistan’s evolving counterterrorism landscape, organised by the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, highlighted the changing methods of terrorist groups, including their financing and recruitment.

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar urged the Afghan authorities to take “concrete, verifiable and irreversible action” against the banned Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other groups operating from Afghan soil.

Information Minister Attaullah Tarar, who also addressed the seminar, cited UN assessments indicating that more than 6,000 TTP fighters were present in Afghanistan, with the overall militant presence exceeding 20,000.

President Asif Ali Zardari departed for Germany on Thursday on a three-day visit to discuss bilateral ties as the two countries are set to mark the 75th anniversary of their diplomatic relations.

In a statement issued earlier, the Foreign Office (FO) said the president’s visit, scheduled for Oct 22-24, is “part of high-level exchanges between Pakistan and Germany”.

President Zardari “has departed from Lahore for Germany”, the President’s office said on social media on Thursday.

The FO statement highlighted that the visit “holds special significance in the context of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries being commemorated this year”.

It said the visit reflects the “deep commitment of both countries to further strengthening the partnership”.

During his visit, President Zardari will hold meetings with his German counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier, as well as senior leadership and business leaders, with a “particular focus оп economic and trade cooperation”, FO said.

Sindh Chief Minister Murad Ali Shah is also expected to accompany the president on his trip, with the matter being discussed in Murad’s meeting with German Consul General Thomas E. Schultze.

In September, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar met German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly.

During the meeting, Germany appreciated Pakistan’s mediation efforts in regional conflicts, especially in the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab while the two sides also agreed to “get negotiations on peace for Ukraine going”, according to the German foreign office.

Meanwhile, in June, a German delegation announced plans to bring about 30 German companies to Pakistan and link local businesses to European markets.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Thursday vowed that the federal government, which now runs Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under governor’s rule, would make every effort possible to “bring back” progress to the province.

He made the remarks while chairing a meeting of the provincial apex committee in Peshawar, where he arrived earlier in the day on his first visit to the province since the imposition of governor’s rule and the declaration of emergency on Oct 11.

The meeting, attended by Chief of Defence Forces and Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir and KP Governor Faisal Karim Kundi, reviewed KP’s overall security situation. Federal ministers and newly appointed provincial advisers were also present.

Addressing the committee, PM Shehbaz reiterated that emergency and governor’s rule had to be imposed “under extreme compulsion”.

“I promise that we will leave no stone unturned in bringing back the happiness and era of progress to this province, and in the practical realisation of the wishes, aspirations, and dreams of this province’s people that have been shattered due to the worst actions of recent years,” he said.

The prime minister affirmed that the Centre “will place all possible resources at your feet”.

He added that himself, the Advisory Council led by the governor, the president and the CDF “will ensure that this province, once again, not only matches the other provinces in the race for development, but I would be extremely happy if it moves even further ahead”.

The prime minister regretted that “terrorists were summoned back here” after peace had been established, “washing down all sacrifices down the drain”.

“There can be no greater enmity with the country than not honouring and respecting such sacrifices, not holding them in esteem,” he remarked, highlighting that young soldiers left their homes and families to defend their country.

The premier called for an “all-encompassing analysis as to why this happened”, adding that there was “no worse callousness, criminal negligence, and hostility towards the national interest than this”.

He said: “All issues of the people were pushed aside — whether it is education, healthcare, or protecting the lives and property of the people — and [having] matters with terrorists instead. I believe that no other example can be found of such hostility against the country, in terms of their attitudes, detachment, and callousness.”

PM Shehbaz asserted that 5,000 police vacancies were not filled, Safe City projects were yet to be completed, the capacity of the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) had not been enhanced significantly, and neither were special measures taken regarding police training.

He recalled that all provinces had agreed at the time of the 2010 National Finance Commission Award that KP, being the front-line region in combatting terrorism, needed ample resources.

“From 2010 to today, more than Rs800 billion in funds have either already been provided or are being provided under this,” he stressed.

“However, not only did it resurface, but the weapons needed to counter terrorism, the required capacity, and the trained officers needed were nowhere to be found.”

While saying he would not go into the details, the prime minister emphasised that he had assured the provincial governments of ex-chief ministers Ali Amin Gandapur and Sohail Afridi of the Centre’s full support in the fight against terrorism.

“But nothing was done regarding this,” he regretted, adding that the government could not remain a “silent spectator” when a “party was stooping to such enmity against the country” and the economy and society were being destroyed.

“Therefore, on this occasion we made this one last effort,” the premier said, referring to the province’s interim handover to the federal government under governor’s rule.

Highlighting the Centre’s efforts to stabilise the economy over the past two and a half years, PM Shehbaz remarked, “It wouldn’t have been possible [without] unprecedented partnership between political and military hierarchy.”

He said the federal government could not remain a silent spectator when “terrorists were roaming around dancing in all areas of KP, and were ruling over some areas in the evening, and collecting extortion” at a time when the stabilisation of Pakistan’s economy was being acknowledged globally.

The prime minister recalled the breakdown of the Oct 3 talks between the Centre and reiterated that his government was “compelled to make this decision” of imposing governor’s rule.

PM Shehbaz remarked that the province was “shattered with wounds due to the circumstances created in the past several years”.

He highlighted the poor law and order situation over the past six years, recalling that security forces and law enforcement agencies had made sacrifices to establish peace in KP.

The premier said there was corruption of Rs100bn in the clean drinking water of the Cities Improvement Project and Rs37bn in the “infamous looting” in the case about the Kohistan District Accounts Office.

He said that “80,000 people were martyred and the [economy] suffered a loss of several hundred billion dollars. Only then, in 2018, was peace completely restored in this country”.

Describing the province as “very beautiful”, the premier expressed his hope that the government “work hard day and night and speedily make it progress towards development and prosperity”.

“This is the province that is the first extremely strong wall of the homeland,” he noted.

Development of merged districts a ‘special priority’

In his address to the apex committee, the KP governor termed establishing peace and stability in KP a “collective priority”, and stressed that it was in the interests of the entire country.

Referring to the federal government’s decision to impose emergency and governor’s rule in KP, Kundi said that the peaceful transition showed that the people of the province wanted peace and stability.

“I want to pay tribute to my people who showed restraint despite the turmoil,” he said, asserting there had been no untoward incident in the region following the measures.

On Oct 14, three days after emergency was imposed, a protest demonstration by PTI workers in Khyber’s Bara tehsil turned violent as protesters clashed with police. Injuries to party workers and cops were reported in the incident.

Speaking at the meeting, Kundi also paid tribute to those who sacrificed their lives in the war against terrorism, including personnel of the police, army, Frontier Corps, and Federal Constabulary.

“These sacrifices demand a more effective strategy to combat terrorism,” he underscored.

The governor reiterated that the foremost priority of his KP Advisory Council was to restore peace and eliminate terrorism.

Kundi termed the development of the merged districts a “special priority”.

“The people of these regions have paid a heavy price during this fight against terrorism. Now, they deserve better education, health, and economic opportunities,” he declared.

“The federal government’s cooperation in establishing peace and stability in the province is very significant,” the PPP leader highlighted, saying he was keen to play his role in this collective endeavour.

The governor maintained that the people of KP would not have to choose between peace and development. “This is our collective responsibility to provide people with both.”

Kundi declared that the KP Advisory Council would keep playing its role in integrating these merged areas in the circle of national development.

“The public’s trust is the only metric of measuring our success in the war on terror,” he asserted, while reaffirming that the whole network of terrorism would be annihilated, and the facilitators and financiers of terrorists would also be targeted.

“I seek constant support and supervision by the federal government,” he asked, expressing the hope that the Centre would continue its cooperation.

Emergency amid security challenges

The Centre had imposed emergency and governor’s rule in KP on Oct 11, citing the PTI-led provincial government’s “deliberate disengagement” from the fight against terrorism. The decisions were also endorsed by the Parliament last week amid protests by the opposition.

Governor Kundi, along with Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi, had chaired a meeting of the provincial apex committee a day after governor’s rule was imposed.

In the meeting, the governor — who is now in charge of running the province — assured Naqvi he would enforce all policies of the federal government and work together with the security forces for peace and prosperity of the province.

Kundi asserted that under the new set-up, tackling terrorism would be the priority.

Later that day, Kundi, addressing a press conference, called for greater coordination between the Centre and the province, stressing that policies on counterterrorism will “come from Islamabad [..] not Kabul,” in an apparent jibe at the PTI-led KP government, which has been accused of maintaining a “nexus” with terrorist groups by federal ministers.

The Centre’s move to impose governor’s rule and emergency in KP also followed a mobilisation drive and protest march by the PTI and in opposition at the Centre, to demand the release of its jailed founder, Imran Khan.

Intense negotiations between the two sides a week before the imposition of governor’s rule had failed to yield any results, with counterterrorism policy being one of the main reasons behind the breakdown of their talks.

The PTI said it was being left out of security decisions concerning KP, which the Centre denied. It also called for reviewing the counterterrorism policy, while the latter criticised the KP government’s efforts to combat terrorism in the province and objected to its stance on dialogue with the Afghan Taliban.

Soon after, the Centre also authorised the deployment of Pakistan Army troops and assets in aid of civil power in KP.

Federal ministers have also alleged that the PTI-led government in KP had a “nexus” with terrorist groups, stating that the province’s security situation necessitated the imposition of emergency there.

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Additional input by Irfan Raza

The death of a suspect, allegedly during an exchange of fire with Punjab’s Crime Control Department (CCD), sparked questions from lawyers and journalists on Wednesday regarding extrajudicial killings and due process.

The CCD, established last year, has been criticised by human rights advocates and civil society members for a high number of casualties.

The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) alleged earlier this year that the CCD has adopted a “deliberate policy of staged police encounters leading to extrajudicial killings”. In response, the department termed the claims as unfounded and contrary to the department’s operational framework.

The suspect who was killed in the latest alleged encounter was accused of running over a 14-year-old boy, who worked for him, with his car in a private housing society in Multan. That incident also sparked anger among the public, with a police officer saying the teenager had been “subjected to barbarity”.

The CCD claimed that the suspect, identified as Tauqeer, had escaped from its custody after it was granted the man’s three-day physical remand. According to the department, he was found dead after an exchange of fire when its personnel attempted to stop two individuals riding a motorcycle on Bahawalpur’s Northern Bypass.

The alleged encounter came on the heels of another incident in Islamabad where the police claimed a suspect was killed when his accomplices opened fire on a police team transporting him.

Lawyers and journalists took to X to voice their concerns over the rule of law.

Advocate Nida Usman Chaudhry, founder of Women in Law, said extrajudicial killings were not the kind of justice people expected from the state, describing them as another example of the state failing its citizens.

“When we demand ‘justice’, what we mean is through the rules of fair investigation, fair trial and due process,” she said.

Journalist and writer Shabbir Dar said extrajudicial killings “exposed the failure of the criminal justice system that consumes billions in public funds but has lost the confidence of both the public and those in power”.

Former human rights minister Shireen Mazari also weighed in on the incident, asking in a post on X: “‘Out of control’ is the new control?”

A post from PML-N MPA Hina Parvez Butt, which was later deleted, prompted criticism as well.

“This is [Punjab Chief Minister] Maryam Nawaz sahiba’s government; justice is served immediately here,” wrote Butt, sharing screengrabs of a TV report regarding the Bahawalpur encounter.

Journalist Hasnaat Malik criticised Butt’s post, questioning the need to spend enormous amounts of funds on courts if justice was to be delivered in this manner.

“It would have been better if punishment was given after fulfilling all legal requirements,” he said.

Advocate Abdul Moiz Jaferii took aim at Butt, who heads the Punjab Women Protection Authority, for “celebrating” the suspect’s killing.

“This is not justice, it is vengeance. And an admission of guilt,” the lawyer said in a post on X.

Barrister Rida Hossain noted it was “short-sighted, unjust, and wrong to defend police encounters allowing the executive to act as judge, jury, and executioner”.

She highlighted HRCP’s figures of casualties during alleged police encounters, arguing that “this imbalance suggests deliberate executions”.

Journalist Absa Komal termed “celebrating extrajudicial killings” as “legal and moral bankruptcy”.

“When the police themselves become judge and executioner, it is not the rule of law, but the law of the jungle,” the former DawnNews anchor said, sharing a post about both recent incidents.

Senior journalist Naimat Khan pointed out that a “lawmaker from the ruling party is celebrating an extrajudicial killing of an accused person who should have been tried in a court of law to deliver justice to the victim”.

“The extrajudicial killing of even a guilty person reflects a profound mistrust in the justice system and government and undermines the rule of law,” he stressed.

Journalist Maryam Nawaz Khan termed it a “total failure of the system”.

“When the state relies solely on CCD or police encounters, it’s an admission that our judicial system is dead,” she contended while commenting on Butt’s post.

TV anchor Nadia Mirza also questioned the characterisation of the killing as justice.

“Oh!! so now you are calling an extrajudicial killing JUSTICE. Strange … where are courts?” she said in a post on X.

Journalist Javeria Siddique highlighted that extrajudicial killings directly violated the rule of law, adding that a civilised society punished people through courts rather than “encounters, enforced disappearances or targeted eliminations”.

Shazia Nizamani, chairperson of the Sindh Women Lawyers Alliance, called for the suspect to have been tried in court, saying Punjab police should have produced him before a judge to face trial and sentencing.

“How is it possible that handcuffed suspects, surrounded by armed policemen, manage to escape in case after case?” she asked.

LAHORE: The Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan (JI) announced on Wednesday that it will launch the third phase of its nationwide protest movement against the petroleum levy on Friday, with sit-ins planned in all districts across the country, according to a press release by the party.

The government currently levies Rs114 per litre in taxes and duties on petrol and Rs100 per litre on diesel. The Centre and JI had agreed to form committees in early September — when the latter had planned a nationwide strike — to recommend measures to reduce the levy.

Wednesday’s press release by JI said the new phase of demonstrations would begin on the instructions of party chief Hafiz Naeemur Rehman, and that the party’s clear and firm demand remained the complete abolition of the petroleum levy.

JI claimed that the government had made no further contact regarding a planned meeting between Rehman and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, which the latter had offered to hold.

The press release recalled that Planning Minister Ahsan Iqbal and the PM’s adviser on political affairs, Rana Sanaullah, had contacted JI Vice Emir Liaqat Baloch to convey the premier’s message seeking a meeting.

“Both sides had agreed that their respective committees would meet to work out a schedule for the proposed meeting,” it read, noting, however, that the government had made no further contact after that.

The party stressed that Rehman had already clarified that the agenda of any meeting with the prime minister would be the abolition of the petroleum levy.

“The JI emir has warned that if the government continues to delay action and refuses to provide relief to the public, the matter will be decided through street protests.”

It added that the JI’s campaign against the petroleum levy would continue nationwide until its demand was met.

On Aug 16, the JI announced sit-ins in all the provincial capitals of Pakistan against the petroleum levy and had called for a nationwide strike on Sept 3.

On Sept 20, the party launched a protest march towards Islamabad, warning that if the government failed to abolish the petroleum levy, the protest could turn into one to oust the government.

However, on Sept 22, the JI emir said his party, whose convoy had reached Multan, was postponing its long march at the request of PM Shehbaz, pending a meeting with him.

Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) and Chief of the Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir and visiting Maldivian President Dr Mohamed Muizzu underscored the importance of strengthening bilateral defence cooperation on Wednesday, state-run Radio Pakistan reported.

Muizzu arrived in Islamabad on Tuesday on a three-day visit at the invitation of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. The visit marks the first by a Maldivian president to Pakistan in 11 years, and comes as the two countries celebrate the 60th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, established in 1966.

CDF Munir called on the visiting president in Islamabad, where the two leaders discussed matters of mutual interest, the prevailing regional security environment, and avenues for enhancing bilateral cooperation, the Radio Pakistan report said.

“Both sides underscored the importance of strengthening defence cooperation, institutional linkages and professional exchanges,” it added.

The CDF highlighted the “longstanding and cordial relations” between the two countries. He reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to further strengthening bilateral cooperation and promoting peace, stability and security in the region through constructive engagement, Radio Pakistan said.

It added that President Muizzu commended the professionalism of Pakistan’s armed forces and appreciated the country’s continued efforts to promote regional peace and stability.

PM Shehbaz vows strengthening of bilateral relations

Earlier, PM Shehbaz vowed to strengthen bilateral relations with the Maldives, as the two countries signed 20 memorandums of understanding (MoUs).

Addressing a joint press stakeout following the signing of 20 wide-ranging MoUs, PM Shehbaz said, “There is no doubt that the two countries [will] keep on strengthening these relations for all time to come.”

The premier extended a “very warm welcome” to the visiting dignitary and his delegation.

PM Shehbaz expressed his “warmest greetings and heartfelt affection to the people of Dhivehi Raajje, the land of islands, a nation whose spirit is as vast as the ocean that surrounds it,” hailing 60 years of diplomatic ties between the two countries.

The prime minister noted that he and Muizzu, in their bilateral and delegation-level talks, discussed “all important issues which have direct bearing between our two brotherly countries and of course, regional and international issues”.

“I am very happy to announce that we had a wonderful session, very productive and very fruitful discussions,” he remarked.

PM Shehbaz noted that the conversations encompassed “economic and trade relations, our strategic defence cooperation, our support for training of our brothers and sisters from Maldives in Pakistan in various walks of life; police, defence, education, health and many other” fields.

The prime minister went on to announce that both sides had agreed to raise their bilateral trade from $13.9 million — “just a fraction of our potential” — to $200m in the next two years.

Highlighting that the two South Asian countries had “very strong” relations, coupled with a “long list of mutual achievements”, PM Shehbaz said both sides noted that their ties “do not reflect the true strength of our economic cooperation”.

Thanking Muizzu for his “personal support in this behalf”, the premier went on to announce that Islamabad would support Malé in promoting the plantation of 5m trees in the Maldives by providing 100,000 olive cuttings and 100,000 seeds of various plant species within a mutually decided timeframe.

Referring to the MoUs signed, he affirmed that he “will be very happy to personally work with [Muizzu] to translate these written MoUs into action with prompt decision-making and speedy implementation”.

The prime minister declared that Pakistan was “absolutely ready to provide technical expertise to various segments of our mutual cooperation and, above all, Pakistan is very happy to learn that Maldives is moving forward speedily to establish data centres in other places”.

“This is great news, and as a matter of good luck, Pakistan has also attained a reasonable level of expertise and professional capability in this field,” he added, noting that the country had set up data centres in various locations. He offered Pakistan’s “experience and our professional capabilities in this behalf” to the Maldives.

PM Shehbaz noted that a large number of Maldivian students were receiving education in Pakistani universities and colleges, particularly in the field of healthcare, and that 250 Pakistani doctors and other paramedics were serving in the Maldives.

“This shall continue in future with bigger numbers so that whatever requirements you have, we as a brotherly country would be more than happy to fulfil those requirements willingly and with utmost sincerity of purpose,” the prime minister said.

Speaking on international developments, PM Shehbaz commended the Maldives’ “unwavering” support for the Palestinian cause, adding that Islamabad remains fully committed to the Palestinians’ right of self-determination and the establishment of an independent state of Palestine.

The premier further said he briefed Muizzu on Pakistan’s principled position on occupied Jammu and Kashmir, declaring Islamabad’s support for a peaceful resolution of the dispute in accordance with the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions.

“Till they have won their struggle and gotten the right of self-determination, Pakistan shall continue to support them diplomatically and, of course, support them at all international forums till they become an independent sovereign country as per UNSC resolutions, and their sacrifice will not go to waste at all,” he said.

The prime minister also expressed Pakistan’s “serious concern” over India’s decision to place the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance in April 2025, pointing out that it was a violation of an international binding treaty.

“Pakistan’s position is loud and clear and beyond an array of doubt; legally binding treaties must be respected and shared water resources must never be weaponised or used as an instrument of political pressure or blackmailing,” he stated.

PM Shehbaz said Pakistan has made it “abundantly clear at various forums”, including the UN General Assembly last month, that water was a “red line” for the country.

“Waterflows in any canal or ocean, sea or straits, carries trade, commerce, message of prosperity and progress, and not threats, confrontations and conflicts,” he said.

“Water is a lifeline for humanity […] so this should be known to all and sundry that any violation in this behalf will be regarded by Pakistan as an act of war,” the prime minister warned.

Concluding his remarks, PM Shehbaz said Muizzu’s visit had given Pakistan-Maldives relations “new purpose and new momentum”.

He remarked, “The same ocean that touches the shores of Karachi and Gwadar embraces the islands of the Maldives.

“For centuries, its waves have carried traders, scholars and travellers between our lands. Today, they carry the renewed promise of our wonderful friendship whose finest chapters are yet to be written.”

In his comments, Muizzu appreciated PM Shehbaz, the government and people of Pakistan for “their exceptional warmth and gracious hospitality”.

He added that his visit coming on the 60-year mark of Pakistan-Maldives diplomatic relations made it “particularly significant”. The 60 years have been marked by warmth, friendship and shared perspectives, he said.

“This visit takes place after a decade-long interval. It offers us an important opportunity not simply to celebrate the friendship of the past but to define the partnership of the future,” Muizzu said.

Stressing on the close relations between the two countries, he said, “Only two such longstanding friends could have talked so widely and agreed on so much about our future together”.

Muizzu said, for him, the talks represented a “clear shared ambition to move the Maldives-Pakistan partnership into a new era”.

He said the discussions encompassed several sectors including trade and investment; health and education; environment, fisheries and agriculture; youth and sports; policing and defence; training and capacity-building; and tourism.

The Maldivian president said he was pleased about the signing of 20 MoUs.

“These memoranda will open new avenues for cooperation among multiple sectors, but agreements are meaningful only when they produce results. Our next step, of course, is to translate these understandings into tangible opportunities and meaningful benefits for the people of both nations.”

Muizzu also said he endorsed the goal to take the two countries’ bilateral trade quantum from $13m to $200m in two years.

“The Maldives and Pakistan are worlds of untapped potential for each other,” the Maldivian president said.

He reaffirmed that the two countries would take a “firm step in the right direction”, adding that Thursday’s business forum would provide an opportunity to bring together business leaders, inventors and innovators from both countries to turn the friendship into mutually beneficial investments.

He said he was encouraged by the discussions to establish direct flights between Pakistan and the Maldives, adding that direct flights would help support tourism as well.

He further said that the two countries’ leaders saw “considerable potential in halal and Muslim-friendly tourism”.

Moreover, Muizzu appreciated Pakistan’s scholarships and placements for Maldivian students, adding that the leaders would broaden the opportunities further, especially in artificial intelligence, digitisation and future technologies as well as health.

“We want our next generation to be prepared for the future and be prepared to shape that future.”

Muizzu stressed that climate change was “not an abstract environmental concern” for the Maldives, but “it is a direct challenge to our security, our development and our future”.

He welcomed cooperation with Pakistan in areas of climate resilience, conservation, sustainable waste management and renewable energy. He thanked PM Shehbaz for his announcement of donations to help the Maldives plant 5m trees in five years.

“Our nations share a commitment to advancing common interests through constructive engagements.”

He said the Maldives remained committed to revitalising the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, adding that “rebuilding trust, encouraging meaningful dialogue and strengthening mutual understanding are essential to unlocking the full potential of regional cooperation”.

He further expressed the Maldives’ “unequivocal and steadfast solidarity” with Palestinians and their “legitimate right to self-determination”.

Muizzu also commended Pakistan’s diplomatic efforts “to promote dialogue, de-escalation, humanitarian assistance and a just and lasting peace” in the Middle East.

Concluding his remarks, he said, “For 60 years, Pakistan has stood as a trusted friend of the Maldives.”

The two countries have now agreed to “build a new era of partnership on the foundations of our six decades of friendship”, he said.

The Maldivian president was later conferred with an honorary doctorate in politics by the International Islamic University Islamabad, with PM Shehbaz noting that the degree recognised Muizzu’s “sagacious and wise leadership and your great public service to your people in the Maldives”.

20 MoUs signed

Pakistan and the Maldives signed a series of MoUs aimed at deepening bilateral relations in multiple sectors, including defence, IT, cybersecurity, health, education, social protection, agriculture and tourism, among others.

PM Shehbaz and Muizzu were present at the ceremony where representatives from both sides exchanged the pre-signed documents.

The two countries signed an MoU on cooperation in the fields of information technology, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, digital skills, and technology and innovation. An MoU was inked to strengthen cooperation in combating illicit trafficking and abuse of narcotic drugs.

The two sides also signed an MoU on social protection as well as on health cooperation and between Maldives Food and Drug Authority and the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan.

Both nations also signed MoUs focused on the recruitment of health professionals, strengthening defence ties and maritime security cooperation.

An MoU was signed to boost agriculture cooperation, besides another one on promoting fisheries cooperation.

To promote ties in technical and vocational education, an MoU on collaboration to promote technical and vocational education and training was signed, while another MoU was inked to promote educational cooperation.

The representatives of Pakistan and the Maldives also exchanged MoUs on cooperation in the field of youth and sports development, air connectivity, tourism and in the field of arts, culture and heritage.

The MoUs were signed between the National College of Policy and Law Enforcement of the Maldives Police Service and National Police Academy, Islamabad; Civil Service Commission of Maldives and the Federal Public Service Commission of Pakistan; and Civil Service Commission of Maldives and Civil Service Academy (CSA) of Pakistan.

In order to boost commercial engagement, an MoU was signed between the Maldives State Trading Organisation (STO) and Trading Corporation of Pakistan (TCP) for cooperation in trade of agriculture commodities, food and other products, besides signing another pact aimed at boosting cooperation in the field of environment.

Prior to the MoU signing ceremony, Muizzi was welcomed at the Prime Minister House with a guard of honour. He held introductions with federal ministers while PM Shehbaz greeted the Maldivian delegation.

According to a statement by PM Office (PMO), the prime minister extended a “warm welcome to the esteemed guest”, followed by a guard of honour by smartly turned-out contingents of all three armed forces.

The visiting dignitary also planted a sapling at PM House, and prayers were offered for the progress and prosperity of both countries.

A Pakistan-Maldives Business Forum will also be held during the visit to promote interaction between the two countries’ business communities and explore opportunities for trade and investment.

President Zardari calls for stronger bilateral economic cooperation

President Zardari also met his Maldivian counterpart at the President’s House in Islamabad, where he emphasised the need to translate the political goodwill between the two countries into “greater trade, investment, connectivity and people-to-people exchanges”.

According to a press release by the President’s Secretariat, he also reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to supporting Maldives in education, healthcare, human resource development, social protection and sustainable development.

“The two leaders reviewed bilateral relations and discussed ways to strengthen cooperation in areas of mutual interest,” the statement said.

President Zardari reaffirmed the importance Pakistan attaches to its “longstanding fraternal relations” with the Maldives, highlighting that Muizzu’s state visit coincided with the 60-year anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries and provided “fresh momentum” to the bilateral partnership.

He also recalled Pakistan’s contributions to the development of the Maldives, including the Parliament building and the School of Medicine in Malé.

The press release added that both leaders expressed satisfaction over the positive trajectory of bilateral relations and reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening cooperation in areas of mutual interest.

They recognised the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable countries, particularly small island developing states and climate-vulnerable developing economies.

“President Zardari expressed Pakistan’s readiness to deepen cooperation with Maldives in climate resilience, environmental protection and sustainable development, including support for President Muizzu’s Five Million Tree Initiative,” the statement said.

Additionally, the leaders exchanged views on regional and international developments and underscored the importance of “dialogue, diplomacy, sovereign equality, mutual respect and peaceful resolution of disputes”, it said. They also reaffirmed their support for the rights of the Palestinian people and the establishment of an independent and sovereign State of Palestine.

According to the statement, Muizzu was accompanied by Maldivian Foreign Minister Iruthisham Adam; Minister of Defence and National Service Hassan Rasheed; Minister of Homeland Security, Labour and Technology Ali Ihusaan; Minister of Economic Development, Transport and Trade Mohamed Saeed; and High Commissioner of the Republic of Maldives Mohamed Thoha.

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi, Maritime Minister Junaid Anwar, Senators Sherry Rehman and Saleem Mandviwala, former federal minister MNA Naveed Qamar, the foreign secretary, and the High Commissioner of Pakistan to the Maldives were also present, it added.

The meeting was followed by a state banquet hosted by President Zardari in honour of President Muizzu and his accompanying delegation. It was attended, among others, by PM Shehbaz, CDF Munir, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Naveed Ashraf, Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu and Commander National Strategic Command General Syed Aamer Raza.

Meeting with Dar

Earlier in the day, DPM Dar called on Muizzu, welcoming him and his delegation to Pakistan, the FO said on X.

Dar “underscored the importance of expanding bilateral cooperation, particularly in trade, investment, education, climate change and tourism”, the FO said.

DPM Dar also welcomed the Maldivian business delegation in the Maldives-Pakistan Business Forum and “expressed hope that B2B engagements would yield concrete trade and investment opportunities”.

Muizzu, speaking to Dar, “expressed Maldives’ desire to deepen its close relations with Pakistan and explore new avenues of mutually beneficial cooperation”, the FO said.

Separately, Minister of State for Interior Tallal Chaudhry held a meeting with Maldivian Minister for Homeland Security Ali Ihusan and exchanged views on enhancing bilateral relations and cooperation between the two countries, a statement by the interior ministry said.

According to the statement, the two agreed to promote cooperation on immigration and to curb human smuggling and organised crime.

It quoted Chaudhry as saying: “Pakistan values sharing experiences and security cooperation with friendly countries to promote peace and stability in the region. Pakistan wants to strengthen bilateral cooperation with the Maldives in the areas of law enforcement and internal security.”

He stressed the need for cooperation between the two sides to tackle the challenges of illegal immigration and human smuggling and assured the visiting dignitary on Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi’s behalf of “all-possible assistance for enhancing bilateral cooperation”.

Last month, the Maldives’ parliamentary speaker Abdul Raheem Abdullah met with Chief of Defence Forces and Chief of the Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir in Rawalpindi.

In 2015, former Maldivian president Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom undertook a two-day state visit to Pakistan on May 6-7 at the invitation of then-PM Nawaz Sharif.

The government on Tuesday increased the price of petrol by Re0.88 per litre and that of high-speed diesel (HSD) by Re0.53.

Following the revision, petrol will retail at Rs382.02 per litre while HSD will cost Rs389.80 per litre. The government continues to levy Rs114 per litre in taxes and duties on petrol and Rs100 per litre on diesel.

According to the Petroleum Division’s notification, the new prices are applicable for Oct 21 (Wednesday).

The price of HSD has come down from a peak of Rs520.35 recorded on April 3. Its price had started rising from Rs281 per litre after the US-Iran war broke out on February 28.

The petrol price had peaked at Rs458.41 on April 3 after beginning its upward trajectory from Rs266 in the first week of March.

Meanwhile, the government has reintroduced a raft of austerity measures in response to rising fuel prices amid the ongoing Middle East conflict. Under these measures, markets are required to close by 9pm and fuel allocations for official vehicles has been cut by 50 per cent for three months.

On September 13, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif also announced a “relief scheme” for users of motorcycles, autos and vehicles of up to 800cc to “alleviate the burden” of rising global oil prices.

Previously, on July 17, Petroleum Minister Ali Pervaiz Malik announced that fuel prices would now be fixed on a daily basis due to fluctuations in international market prices following renewed hostilities between Iran and the US.

Prior to this, the government had been announcing weekly revisions to fuel prices since early March, alongside measures for the conservation of fuel amid possible oil supply disruptions due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. The federal government in April also announced targeted relief measures to provide subsidised fuel.

The petroleum minister stated that the cabinet and the prime minister had decided to give the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (Ogra) the responsibility of deciding fuel prices on a daily basis based on international market trends.

Petrol is mainly used in private transport, small vehicles, rickshaws and two-wheelers, and changes in its price affect the middle and lower-middle classes.

Similarly, changes in diesel prices also impact the public at large, as it is mainly used in the heavy transport sector, power plants and large generators.

Petrol and high-speed diesel (HSD) are the major revenue earners, with monthly sales of about 700,000 to 800,000 tonnes, compared to just 10,000 tonnes of monthly demand for kerosene.

Adviser to the National Command Authority (NCA) and former director general of the Strategic Plans Division (SPD) retired Lieutenant General Mazhar Jamil has warned of the “risky” outcome for South Asia and beyond of a “dangerous ideology” shaping the Indian military mindset.

“Indian military thinking is being shaped by a dangerous ideology, which conflates mythology with national power. The outcome is very risky and delusional Indian military doctrines with a poor strategic sense of nuclear realities are endangering South Asia and beyond,” he said in his key note address at a workshop titled ‘Nuclear Deterrence and Strategic Stability in South Asia’.

The workshop, held last week in London, was organised by the International Institute for Strategic Studies, which shared a transcript of Jamil’s address late on Monday.

He began by saying that a strategic stability model for a region must take into consideration the political beliefs and strategic thinking of states, which formed the basis of policies.

And that shaped the strategic and security environment in the region, he explained.

“The political and strategic thinking of states, therefore, should prefer [a] political approach because military adventurism, hegemonic ambitions are highly risky and unaffordable in the South Asian nuclearised environment,” Jamil stressed, before specifically talking about India and Pakistan.

The two South Asian rivals, he said, had outstanding disputes, Kashmir being the core one.

“It needs to be resolved as per the United Nations Security Council resolutions. But, what we are seeing, on the contrary, is [an] Indian political approach of avoiding the resolution of conflict, because perhaps the Indian leadership believes it has no locus standi on Kashmir when it is presented on the multilateral forums,” Jamil said.

He added that India “tries to manage [the] Kashmir conflict with military violence within occupied Kashmir and through military aggression against Pakistan. This has not worked, and therefore Kashmir remains a nuclear flashpoint, seriously impacting the South Asian strategic and security environment”.

The security perceptions in South Asia had not evolved in a vacuum, Jamil continued.

“Indian revisionist and hegemonic political aspirations have [a] long history of Indian coercion and militant violence against all [of] its neighbours. Indian political ideology is based on its mythological concept of violence and revisionism, according to which South Asia, they believe — this traditional belief — that it belongs to [the] Hindu civilisation.

“And, not surprisingly, the country was given a dual name in the constitution, India, that is Bharat, clearly defining the strategic direction of the state to be Bharat,” he said.

Jamil said Bharat was essentially a “revisionist concept that is rooted in reclaiming [the] vast landmass of South Asia and its domination by Hindu civilisation”.

“Indian political forces, interestingly, do not shy away anymore in projecting what previous governments pursued covertly. Very surprisingly, the map of Mahabharat, the greater Bharat, as they call it, covering [the] entire landmass of South Asia, is on the display in the Lok Sabha. That’s the parliament of India, clearly giving the political direction to the state and the state organisations.

“So, no wonder, beyond [the] core nuclear diet of India–Pakistan, India’s conflict with all other countries serves as a perpetual driver of [the] evolving security dynamics in South Asia,” he added.

He also mentioned a recent “political transformation, led by the extremist Hindutva doctrine, that seeks to marginalise and delegitimise [the] non-Hindu population of the state, especially the Muslims”, in India.

“This has introduced an additional layer of complexity to the regional security environment. This marks a significant shift towards a nationalism, which is prejudiced by extreme theological principles,” Jamil said. “So, what we see is that we have a nuclear-armed neighbour whose political and strategic thinking is subordinated to a revisionist, mythological outlook with an overconfidence to subdue its neighbours. This dangerous political philosophy has trickled into the Indian political, strategic, organisational and even societal culture.”

The NCA adviser went on to say that this mindset had also, “unfortunately, penetrated deeply into Indian military thinking”.

Two diametrically opposing strategic approaches

Continuing his criticism, Jamil said it seemed that the Indian leadership was “frozen in time and is unable to break the shackles of history”.

“Indian political- and mythological-laced stubbornness is not allowing India to realise three very fundamental but significant conclusions and lessons,” he said, adding that those lessons were vital for strategic stability in South Asia.

He said the first of those lessons was that conflicts outlasted military adventurism and wars, unless they were resolved politically.

“The resolution of the Kashmir conflict, therefore, needs a political approach and dialogue to achieve stability at [the] higher political planes,” he asserted.

The second lesson, he said, was that any military misadventurism between two nuclear powers could only escalate the crisis to undesirable consequences and could not serve any purpose to the policy.

In this connection, he added that the Indian leadership needed to understand that it “cannot dictate its unjustified and illegal policy objectives through military aggression to another nuclear power”.

Moving on to the third lesson, Jamil said it was “pivotal to the crisis dynamics of South Asia”. He then cited military scholar Carl von Clausewitz, who Jamil said had warned that “war is the realm of uncertainty and escalation is really a control ladder”.

Elaborating further, he said: “War is the realm of uncertainty and the lesson from the history of warfare and theory alike is clear. Wars that begin with confidence and control often end with the realisation that control was illusory.

“In a nuclearised environment of South Asia, that realisation may come too late to manage safely, if [the] Indian policy of provocation with [a] false sense of achieving escalation domination continues.”

Resultantly, he said, “what we are seeing in South Asia are two diametrically opposing strategic approaches, directed by the political ideology of India and Pakistan […] which define the strategic and security environment of South Asia”.

The Indian strategic approach, he said, sought political and military dominance to be a “regional hegemon with a revisionist political thinking”.

Whereas Pakistan’s strategic approach was directed at the resolution of conflicts through a political process with shared prosperity and to defend the sovereignty with strength against a “regional bully”, he added.

‘Irresponsible nuclear behaviour’

He then shared his views on how the global geopolitical environment and emerging destructive technologies were impacting the strategic stability of South Asia.

“To me, there are three major outcomes of [the] contemporary global strategic environment that have influenced [the] Indian leadership’s strategic thinking and behaviour,” he said.

He said first of those outcomes was that in the Asia-Pacific balance-of-power struggle, India presented itself as a net security provider, to exploit this geopolitical competition for its own global power-projection ambitions.

“The US and Western powers did not dig deep into the actual political motives and capacity of India, [and] rather were too quick to grant this status to India. This, however, gave India a false sense of hegemony in the region,” he said.

The second outcome, Jamil said, pertained to the support by Indian technology partners and, “very strangely, also allowing India to get a Nuclear Suppliers Group waiver, in spite of its irresponsible nuclear behaviour”.

“Resultantly, India, now, is running one of the fastest-growing nuclear and missile programmes. This has been done with no regard and concern to arms control, a key factor in the strategic stability for the region. So, we now see India developing intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles to reach the entire globe, with eight reactors outside International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards.”

Pointing out that India was not a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, he said its reactors outside IAEA safeguards “are operating as a potential source of fissile material for nuclear weapons”.

“From the nuclearisation of South Asia in 1974 to the nuclearisation of the Indian Ocean by Bharat speaks of its global power ambitions. I think what [we] should now worry about is this ambitious and revisionist state reaching to most of their capitals with no restraints and transparency, even to its own technology partners,” Jamil said.

He said the third outcome was about the policy of appeasement by “certain powers that has made India think that its exceptionalism will always be acceptable to the world”.

“Indian propaganda and [its] disinformation campaign was accepted without scrutiny and responsibility. No questions [were] asked to India about its human-rights violations in Kashmir and against minorities, where state institutions and Hindu extremists [are] conducting heinous crimes as a state policy,” he said, adding that it was only a matter of time before internal uprising in India-occupied Kashmir boiled over.

“That will have a serious impact on the security and stability of our region,” he warned.

In parallel, he said, India’s access to advanced technologies, space-based capabilities, dual-use weapons systems were also impacting strategic stability. “Dual-use platforms with precision-guided systems have blurred the lines between conventional and nuclear technologies, making it more dangerous for South Asia, due to its geographical proximities and also the sensitivities”.

“This also has to be seen against the backdrop of the irresponsible behaviour of India. The case in point is the intentional BrahMos missile attack on Pakistan on 9 March 2022. Strangely, it took India 48 hours to tell its nuclear neighbour about this incident,” Jamil recalled.

He added, “While India claimed this to be an accident, it speaks volumes about the dysfunctionality of Indian command-and-control systems, and maybe the presence of some rogue elements in their organisation, because India never shared the findings of [its] investigations for [the] sake of transparency and building some trust.”

Likewise, the launch of dual-capable BrahMos missiles during the four-day military conflict between Indian and Pakistan in May 2025 “was a deliberate act of provocation that could have caused catastrophic miscalculation”, Jamil said.

“So, it complicates the regional security dynamics, which already lacks institutionalised confidence-building measures and an arms-control mechanism aligned with the emerging technologies.”

Crisis management

Jamil also discussed the “crisis behaviour” of Pakistan and India in the 2019 and 2025 crises, saying that while the crisis management mechanism was vital for stability, responsible behaviour of leadership remained “the spirit and the key” to its success.

In the 2019 crisis, he pointed out, Modi had bragged at an election rally that India was “not storing nuclear weapons for Diwali”. The open threat was followed by the prime minister called the night of Feb 27, 2019 “Qatal ki Raat” or “Night of Slaughter” — “basically, boasting that India could have struck Pakistan with missiles to inflict huge human casualties”, he said.

“Such rhetorics and nuclear sabre-rattling is inconceivable during the crisis, and that too from the highest leadership of [a] nuclear state.”

Similarly, in May 2025, Indian leaders rushed to blame Pakistan for the April 22 deadly terror attack in Pahalgam without evidence or waiting for an investigation, he said. India then launched a military offensive despite Islamabad calling for an independent investigation into the incident.

Jamil said that India’s strategy aimed for “escalation domination” and that it planned to intimidate Pakistan via sheer force and the tempo of the operation; however, “Indian planners closely underestimated Pakistan’s resolve and capability”.

“The crisis of India’s making could have taken South Asia to the brink of nuclear catastrophe, saved only by the strategic restraint of Pakistan,” he stressed.

He added that Indian leadership had dismissed Pakistan’s nuclear deterrent as “mere nuclear bluff” and boasted about being able to “break Pakistan apart”. He emphasised that when “rhetorics and confidence” became policy, blunders were likely.

On the other hand, he said, Pakistan’s retaliation was not impulsive but rather had clear political direction and strategic restraint, denying India the space to “normalise coercive conventional aggression”.

He added that Pakistan made the responsible choice not to escalate and to agree to a ceasefire, noting, “I think in all fairness, India owes a thanks to (US) President Trump.” However, he highlighted that this responsible behaviour was being “deliberately misrepresented” by India as a bluff.

Strategic landscape post-2025

Jamil stressed that in the wake of the May 2025 conflict, there was an increased risk of escalation in the region. He highlighted the “revisionist agenda” of Modi that had “dangerously enhanced the conflict profile” of South Asia by holding the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, adding to the flashpoint of Kashmir, and continuing with “threats and compellence to another nuclear power”.

He added that India also supported terrorist organisations such as the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), “exporting terrorism as an instrument of policy” to engineer instability in Pakistan.

“The space is shrinking between Indian aggressive posturing and Pakistan’s restraint,” he said.

Jamil also pointed out an assessment by a think tank, SIPRI, that India had mated some nuclear warheads with submarine-launched ballistic missiles and conducted sea-based deterrence patrols, without pre-notification.

“While Pakistan remains committed to peace, strategic stability and responsible nuclear stewardship, it cannot ignore these dangerous escalatory steps,” he said. “Pakistan reserves the right to undertake all appropriate measures to safeguard its national security.”

He emphasised that “the perpetual instability in South Asia can only be addressed when [the] strategic and political discourse of India takes a direction of political engagement and [the] resolution of conflicts, instead of political and military dominance”.

He called on India to shun the policy of supporting terrorist organisations such as the TTP and BLA, noting that Pakistan had presented “irrefutable evidence” of Indian state support to these organisations to the international community and the UNSC. He also called for the international community to hold India accountable for its involvement in supporting terrorism.

“It should be realised that the restraint and strategic patience of Pakistan has its own thresholds,” Jamil stated, adding that “in any future military aggression, the aggressor will have to bear a heavy cost”.

He stressed Pakistan’s readiness to move towards a political dialogue to resolve conflicts, including that of Kashmir, as a responsible nuclear state. He added that Pakistan offered to establish a robust crisis management mechanism as a first step towards this.

“Bharatiya leadership should not be allowed to hold hostage the welfare of two billion people of South Asia, in favour of their hegemonic and delusional revisionist aspirations,” he concluded.

KARACHI: A judicial commission formed to investigate the circumstances and possible negligence in businessman Mir Raza Ali’s murder case has pointed out the police’s “epic failure” in their investigation.

The Sindh cabinet decided to make the report public during a meeting chaired by Chief Minister Murad Ali Shah earlier in the day. The judicial commission, which began its proceedings on Aug 28, held regular hearings to record statements of several individuals linked to the case.

“This case demonstrates an epic failure by the police in their investigation,” declared the 62-page report submitted by Sindh High Court’s (SHC) Justice Omar Sial, who had been heading the judicial panel.

“The police breached all required procedures, both knowingly and unknowingly, necessary to withstand judicial scrutiny and a successful prosecution,” the report stated.

While acknowledging that the initial police response when they were informed of the presence of a body was prompt, the report noted that subsequent events “left a lot to be desired”.

“It was a murder,” the report declared.

It explained that the bullet trajectory, the unusual location of the wound if it had been a self-inflicted injury, the “absence of blood, the state of the body, the principles of medical jurisprudence, acid burns and the anaesthesia detected in the blood all clearly excluded suicide as the cause of death”.

The commission determined that releasing the police findings before a proper investigation was “premature and fell short of professional standards”.

“Even if the death had been a suicide, the police should have established who was responsible for driving a young man to that point, including whether coercion, blackmail, or instigation was involved. They made no such effort.”

It said the police investigation “failed in its most basic duty: to establish the truth”.

It further observed that “incessant public criticism of the police created problems” as the police “went into a shell, completely broke down communication channels, and took a position based on ego rather than on cogent, solid reasons”.

The report pointed out specific issues with the police conduct: “Lack of leadership, seriousness, and supervision, and, in some cases, negligence by the senior officers. The handling of this case has been like a rudderless ship, not aware of its destination.

“Ranging from negligent to criminally negligent, inexplicable, casual, and unprofessional investigation.”

According to the commission, an active cover-up in the initial stages of the investigation cannot be conclusively ruled out. It noted that senior police officers swept clear investigative lapses under the carpet, without acknowledging them, addressing them, or even attempting to do so.

“Too many cooks spoil the broth. The proverb is applicable to this case as far as the police are concerned,” the judicial commission observed.

“Dozens of police officers – authorised and unauthorised – were involved in collecting evidence in this case, approaching and interrogating crucial persons, and in most cases not documenting it in any manner,” it said, adding that therefore, no officer was willing to take responsibility for the lapses.

The inquiry said there was a need to mitigate public speculation by an “honest and timely briefing on the investigation”, but this was not done, and the family or the public were not updated through official disclosures.

“The police did not follow the commission’s recommendation to appoint a focal person for this reason. As a result, public speculation further embarrassed the government and the police.”

Regarding the controversy over the reconstitution of a medical board formed for the exhumation of Ali’s body, the report said: “The overnight bureaucratic manoeuvring was a highly irregular, inexplicable, legally flawed overreach dictated entirely from the upper echelons of the Sindh Health Secretariat, more specifically by the secretary and special secretary, Health.”

It added that the Health Services director general, “being aware that he was not legally competent to form a medical board for exhumation, looked the other way”.

“The two gentlemen who directed the change in the board could not give a cogent reason for the abrupt change, making it extremely controversial, fueling public speculation, and embarrassing the Sindh government.”

Referring to an Aug 9 meeting held at CM House, which “drew considerable speculation and controversy”, the report said that “no ulterior motive can be inferred from this meeting”. The meeting was attended by Medico-Legal Officer (MLO) Dr Osama Sheikh, who conducted Ali’s first autopsy, the Karachi police chief and other senior officials.

Observations on officials

Listing its observations for certain police officials involved in the case, the judicial panel identified “criminal negligence” on the part of Station House Officer (SHO) Adeel Afzal of Ferozabad police station.

“Initiate a comprehensive inquiry into him, leading to dismissal from service. He should be suspended in the interim. He must also be questioned to determine whether he has facilitated the destruction of key evidence,” the report read.

It also found criminal negligence by Sub-inspector Shabbir Leghari, the first investigating officer (IO) in the case, and called for disciplinary proceedings against him and his suspension.

The report also determined criminal negligence of Inspector Ghaus, but did not recommend any action against him.

Regarding DIG Farukh Lanjar and Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Samiullah Soomro, the commission noted a “lack of leadership and supervision”.

The judicial panel also called out “extreme immaturity” and “childish behaviour” of MLO Sheikh, who conducted the first medico-legal examination, whose findings were later proven incorrect after a second autopsy.

“Overconfidence. Unprofessional conduct not befitting a medical professional. Must not be assigned medico-legal duties unless he has undergone at least two years of rigorous academic and practical training.”

The report said he was “possibly influenced” and called for the angle to be “conclusively determined”.

Suicide vs murder

The report also said a voice note provided by Alishaz Mushtaq to police was “one of the most suspicious parts of this case”. It said that Mushtaq and ASP Nida Junaid, “played a very important role in supporting the police narrative that the death was due to suicide”.

It said that the person Mushtaq named as his source did not corroborate the information he provided, raising suspicion regarding his conduct.

It further said that the WhatsApp messages Ali sent to Sarim Bin Tahir asking for Rs30m, which was “full of uncharacteristic grammatical errors and truncated spellings and read as acute panic”, suggested the deceased was being “blackmailed or threatened”.

It also noted that while CCTV footage showed Ali with a pistol on the night he was killed, this was “unusual”.

“All his close friends and associates told the Commission that Raza did not possess or use pistols. They said he would probably not even know how to handle one. Witnesses also vouched for his peace-loving, calm, and gentle demeanour. Why he took the pistol remained a mystery. The pistol, however, has not been found to date,” it said.

It further said: “The known financial distress was also not of such a nature that would lead a person to suicide. Ali’s behaviour, until the ride-hailing service dropped him off, did not suggest he was ready to take an extreme step for this reason.”

Recommendations

Suggesting the next steps, the judicial commission said accommodating the family’s request for a joint investigation team (JIT) was the “most viable path to mitigate ongoing reputational damage to the Government of Sindh”.

It recommended that a JIT be constituted under the leadership of Deputy Inspector General (DIG) Irfan Baloch to “balance the need for public accountability with preserving Sindh Police morale and reputation”.

The report said the team should “integrate senior representatives from the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Pakistan Rangers (Sindh), and the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) to ensure an impartial, comprehensive, and credible resolution.

“This extreme step is necessary to restore public trust and end speculation,” it stressed.

The commission contended that any subsequent police actions will inevitably face heavy public speculation, determining that the police department “bears responsibility for this profound trust deficit between itself and society”.

“Even an accurate conclusion or the apprehension of the true culprit is unlikely to be accepted by the public,” it added.

The report pointed out that the case could now “only be resolved through a rigorous, intelligence-based investigation as a “significant portion of physical evidence has been compromised”.

It called for the police to “transparently acknowledge and apologise for past operational lapses”, as well as immediately initiate formal inquiries against the responsible officers in light of the report.

While stating that it did not have investigative powers and that it was difficult to conclude conclusively that an active cover-up occurred, the commission noted that “certain inexplicable actions are difficult to justify and raise the possibility that one may have occurred”.

Therefore, it suggested that a high-level committee, preferably led by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), be constituted to initiate criminal action against any police officials it finds culpable.

The committee would inquire into “whether any of the police officials involved in this probe in the first 10 days” were in breach of sections 201 (causing disappearance of evidence of offence), 166(2) (public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury) and 218 (public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment) of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC).

The judicial commission also called for initiating police reforms, particularly to address and modernise the investigation protocol.

It suggested forming a committee of “seasoned professionals” to “specifically address first response, crime scene handling, medico-legal dynamics, collection, safekeeping, and analysis of evidence, and recording the entirety of the investigation in written or digital form”.

While it proposed a three-month timeframe for the exercise, the commission said the Sindh government will make the final decision.

Another suggestion was to consider an increase in the investigation budget, with a protocol in place to monitor the fund’s use. The panel further suggested steps regarding training of investigators and enhancing the capacity of Crime Scene Units.

Panel formed to ensure implementation

The judicial panel’s primary mandate was to determine the facts and circumstances of the case; assess whether police and medico-legal investigations were impartial; identify professional negligence, misconduct, evidence manipulation, or cover-ups; review digital/forensic evidence; and recommend further investigation, forensic analysis, or legal/departmental action.

According to a handout issued by the Sindh chief minister’s spokesperson, the judicial inquiry report was presented in seven separate sealed envelopes.

It will be uploaded on the website of the provincial home department on Tuesday, while a copy will also be provided to the aggrieved family.

Further, CM Shah also constituted a three-member sub-committee to ensure the implementation of the report.

According to a notification issued by the Sindh government, the committee comprises Home Minister Ziaul Hassan Lanjar as convener, Local Government Minister Nasir Hussain Shah and Labour Minister Saeed Ghani.

The Sindh advocate general will provide legal assistance to the committee and the additional chief secretary of the Home department will provide secretarial support, the notification said.

The committee will oversee the implementation of the commission’s findings and will submit its recommendations to the Sindh chief minister “at the earliest”, and present them before the Cabinet in its next meeting, it added.

Senior Minister Sharjeel Inam Memon also took to X to announce that the report would be made public on Tuesday.

“The government of Sindh remains committed to transparency, accountability and ensuring that due process of law is upheld,” he said.

Last week, the commission handed over the sealed report to the provincial government after examining 49 witnesses during 15 hearings.

The inquiry report, along with associated documents, was handed over to the focal person of the provincial government and Home Department Additional Secretary Javed Ahmed Abro by the commission registrar, Abdul Majid, on the premises of the SHC.

After receiving the record, Abro told reporters that he would hand over the sealed report along with other records to the provincial government and it was the prerogative of the government to decide whether the inquiry report was to be brought into the public domain or otherwise.

In August, the provincial government formed the commission, which was tasked with making recommendations for further investigation and forensic analysis or legal/departmental action, and it was required to submit its findings and recommendations to the Sindh government within 30 days.

However, the commission had struggled to meet its deadline and sent an application last month to the Sindh government for an extension in its tenure till Oct 15. Therefore, the provincial cabinet granted an extension.

Besides examining 49 witnesses and available record, the commission had also sent questionnaires to Karachi police chief Azad Khan, head of current investigation team DIG Amir Farooqui and DIG East Farrukh Lanjar after dismissing an application by the aggrieved family to summon the senior police officers to testify before the commission.

The 25-year-old businessman and Institute of Business Administration graduate had gone missing on July 28 after leaving his home in PECHS and his body with gunshot wounds was found a day later in bushes in Gulistan-i-Jauhar’s locality.

Initially, the police built the case around suicide on the basis of the first autopsy, which indicated a bullet entry wound on the chest, and by pointing out business losses and money borrowed by the victim.

Police surgeon Dr Summaiya Syed had disputed the findings of the first post-mortem conducted by medico-legal officer Dr Osama Sheikh.

The second post-mortem report termed the findings of the first report “inconsistent” with suicide as the manner of Mir Raza’s death. It said the Exhumation Board was of the unanimous opinion that the death was caused by a gunshot wound to the back.

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Additional input by Tahir Siddiqui

Adviser to the Prime Minister on Political Affairs Rana Sanaullah on Tuesday said the federal government was ready to invite all political parties and build consensus on counterterrorism.

Speaking in the Senate, the PML-N leader also urged the opposition to “set other demands aside”.

The PM’s aide’s remarks come after the Centre imposed emergency and governor’s rule in KP on October 11, citing the PTI-led provincial government’s “deliberate disengagement” from the fight against terrorism. The decisions were also endorsed by the Parliament last week amid protests by the opposition.

“Even now, if all parties [..] can agree to sit down to discuss this issue, then Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif is willing to invite them and find a way forward (on counterterrorism) or how operations can be supported by the entire nation,” Sanaullah said, urging political parties to put other demands aside and “stand united” in tackling terrorism.

Sanaullah went on to criticise National Assembly Opposition Leader Mehmood Khan Achakzai.

“He became the leader of the opposition after the speaker signed off on his appointment; however, [..] he does not accept the speaker’s authority and is not even ready to meet the prime minister and has even refused to sit in the speaker’s chambers with the PM,” Sanaullah said.

Sanaullah then turned his attention to the rise in terrorism in the country, expressing sorrow at the martyrdom of an army officer a day earlier.

Addressing the opposition, he said, “You are running propaganda against the head of this institution and [..] making below-the-belt remarks.”

The PML-N senator also assailed the members of the now non-functional PTI-led KP government for not attending apex committee meetings.

“In 11 months, there was one apex committee meeting in which the KP CM was in attendance, and the way he was brought there, Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi already spoke about it,” Sanaullah said.

Recalling the federal government’s talks with the PTI earlier this month, Sanaullah said: “During the talks, we agreed on constituting a political committee comprising members from both sides; however, [..] the talks broke down on one single point — the PTI fulfilling its responsibilities and supporting the federal government in counterterrorism efforts.”

Chaudhry reiterates invitation to opposition

Federal Minister for Parliamentary Affairs Tariq Fazal Chaudhry also invited opposition parties to develop a consensus against terrorism, saying Pakistan’s peace and the future of its children depended on a united stance against the menace.

“I extended an invitation yesterday, and today I am once again inviting all opposition parties to come forward and build a consensus against terrorism,” he said while speaking to the media.

“Why can we not develop a consensus, at least on this issue?” he asked.

Chaudhry said political differences should not be allowed to compromise the national interest, adding that peace and prosperity required a collective effort.

The minister said controlling terrorism in KP was practically impossible without the provincial government’s full cooperation with federal institutions, the Pakistan Army and security agencies.

He said the provincial government had refused to cooperate with the federal government on its Afghanistan policy, particularly efforts to prevent cross-border infiltration.

“This was the only reason why the emergency was imposed,” he said, referring to the decision concerning the administration of KP.

Criticising the PTI, Chaudhry regretted that the party was not prepared to condemn terrorism.

“One is that we have to rid Pakistan of terrorism once and for all, and the second is the position of your party, which was in power in KP. The PTI is not even prepared to condemn terrorism,” he said.

He said networks linked to terrorists, smuggling operations and influential people patronising them had contributed to the persistence of terrorism in the province.

However, Chaudhry said the provincial government was now extending full cooperation and expressed hope that results would become visible soon. He added that counterterrorism operations would continue until the menace was eliminated.

Rejecting the impression that the federal government’s move concerning KP was driven by a power struggle, he said the objective was to restore peace.

“This is not a power game; it is a peace game,” he said, adding that advisory councils comprising tribal elders had been established in 12 districts to empower local communities and facilitate intelligence-based operations in consultation with them.

Drawing a comparison with Balochistan, Chaudhry said the provincial administration and Chief Minister Sarfraz Bugti were working alongside law enforcement agencies and federal institutions to combat terrorism.

He added that the Balochistan government had not refused to cooperate with the federal government, adding that this was the difference between the two provinces.

In the days preceding the imposition of governor’s rule in KP, political tensions between the Centre and the opposition — including the PTI, which was in power in KP — had remained high since jailed former prime minister Imran Khan’s party announced a protest march to Islamabad to demand his release.

Intense negotiations between the two sides a week before the imposition of governor’s rule had failed to yield any results, with counterterrorism policy being one of the main reasons behind the breakdown of their talks.

The PTI said it was being left out of security decisions concerning KP, which the Centre denied. It also called for reviewing the counterterrorism policy, while the latter criticised the KP government’s efforts to combat terrorism in the province and objected to its stance on dialogue with the Afghan Taliban.

Soon after, the Centre also authorised the deployment of Pakistan Army troops and assets in aid of civil power in KP.

Federal ministers have also alleged that the PTI-led government in KP had a “nexus” with terrorist groups, stating that the province’s security situation necessitated the imposition of emergency there.

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar on Tuesday encouraged members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) to use national currencies for “mutual settlement” and establish other financial mechanisms to “offset international financial shocks”.

He made the remarks while addressing the SCO Council of Heads of Government (CHG) meeting in Tajikistan’s capital Dushanbe, where he arrived a day earlier.

The SCO comprises 10 member states, namely Pakistan, China, India, Iran, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The two observer states are Afghanistan and Mongolia. The CHG is the SCO’s second-highest decision-making body and provides guidance on economic, financial, trade, connectivity and socio-economic cooperation, as well as the organisation’s budgetary matters.

Addressing the SCO meeting, Dar highlighted the “need to accelerate efforts to promote the use of national currencies for mutual settlement”, as well as to establish the SCO Development Bank, SCO Development Fund and SCO Investment Fund.

“Such tools are measures which will advance development initiatives and help the SCO region to offset international financial shocks,” the former finance minister noted.

Dar reiterated his call to accelerate local currency settlements in a later address to an expanded-format session of the meeting.

Two members of the SCO, Russia and Iran, face Western sanctions restricting their access to international markets and stifling their economic growth.

In the joint communiqué for the Pakistan-chaired 2024 CHG meeting, SCO member states had reaffirmed the need for consistent implementation of a roadmap on gradual increase in the share of national currencies in mutual settlements.

It underlined the need to protect and promote the World Trade Organisation’s multilateral trade system for inclusive global growth and reduce reliance on the American currency for international trade transactions.

At that summit, PM Shehbaz Sharif had noted “growing consensus among the member states on the use of mutual currencies for settlements” and said such a transition would “shield us from global financial disruptions”.

Speaking in Dushanbe, Dar highlighted that the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) offered “every SCO partner a compelling opportunity to participate in and accelerate our shared journey towards comprehensive economic integration”.

“For our region to achieve seamless economic integration, targeted investment in core sectors, most notably in energy and transport, is vital,” he stressed.

The foreign minister criticised “protectionist policies and unilateral coercive measures”, saying they contradicted the principles of international law, “suppress economic growth, block technological progress and increase inequality”.

“Therefore, reform of the global financial architecture and trade regimes is essential for achieving equitable global development,” the deputy PM declared.

He said Pakistan strongly advocated for “expanding investments into high-potential industries, including agriculture, mining and minerals, and information technology, to build a resilient and interconnected economic future”.

He expressed Pakistan’s “belief that artificial intelligence, digital transformation, innovation, energy cooperation and international information security should become important pillars of future cooperation within the SCO”.

Dar then recalled the priority areas identified by PM Shehbaz for the SCO Council of Heads of State (CHS) summit that Islamabad is set to host in 2027.

These comprised peace, security and mutual trust; regional connectivity and trade; innovation, AI and digital transformation; climate resilience and sustainable energy; and people-to-people exchanges.

He emphasised that strategic investment in transport and energy infrastructure was not merely beneficial but “absolutely imperative for true regional economic integration”.

At the outset of his speech, Dar extended his appreciation to the Tajik government and people for their “very warm and generous hospitality”.

“For the past 25 years, the SCO has remained anchored in the Shanghai spirit of mutual trust and respect for diversity and expanded its mandate to encompass trade, infrastructure, culture and innovation,” he noted.

Dar went on to state that Pakistan’s journey within the SCO highlighted its commitment to the Shanghai spirit, recalling that the country’s chairmanship of SCO’s Reg­ional Anti-Terrorist Structure (SCO-RATS) and the SCO Working Group on Poverty Alleviation.

He said Pakistan intended to highlight the role of small and medium enterprises in reducing poverty.

‘Pakistan wants peaceful, regionally integrated Afghanistan’

During his speech at the CHG summit, DPM Dar also raised the issue of cross-border terrorism emanating from Afghanistan.

Noting that sustainable economic development cannot be guaranteed without durable peace and security in the region, he said ensuring stability in Afghanistan was “imperative” for safeguarding regional peace.

“Pakistan continues to be desirous of a peaceful, stable, regionally integrated and prosperous Afghanistan, which is at peace with itself and its neighbours.”

The deputy premier pointed out that Islamabad had only one expectation from the “Afghan Taliban regime: that Afghan territory should not be used for terrorism against Pakistan and the world”.

He reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to a peaceful and stable neighbourhood as an essential foundation for regional development and prosperity.

Islamabad has repeatedly urged the Taliban administration in Kabul to dismantle terrorist sanctuaries on Afghan soil, particularly those linked to the banned Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan, that are used for attacks in Pakistan. Officials say those appeals have gone unheeded.

Concluding his address, Dar congratulated Tajikistan and the heads of SCO’s permanent bodies on the successful completion of the CHG meeting, and congratulated Uzbekistan for taking over the chair. He also commended the SCO national coordinators for their help in finalising documents.

He stated: “The fundamental strength of the SCO is anchored not only in our deeply intertwined histories, but more importantly, in the resilient, shared future that we collectively choose to forge.

“Pakistan stands resolute in its commitment to serve as an active architect of this shared destiny, and to shape the next decade of Eurasian connectivity and economic prosperity.”

Recommendations to deepen intra-SCO cooperation

Addressing an expanded-format session of the CHG meeting later, Dar reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to regional harmony, trade, transit connectivity and economic integration as “a natural bridge connecting South Asia, Central Asia, and Eurasia”.

“Pakistan firmly believes that dialogue and diplomacy offer the most effective path to resolving regional tensions,” he said, highlighting the country’s efforts for de-escalation in the Middle East.

To this effect, Pakistan remains engaged in mediation efforts between the US and Iran, he added.

“We will continue to support all efforts for dialogue and peaceful resolution of disputes for lasting peace and stability,” the foreign minister said.

“Our diplomatic strategy is guided by our firm belief that regional challenges require collective, cooperative, and sustainable multilateral solutions.”

He went on to highlight that SCO had transformed from a regional confidence-building platform into a premier transcontinental organisation representing over 40 per cent of humanity.

Dar further highlighted that the intra-SCO trade had expanded significantly, proving that cooperative multilateralism can effectively drive stability and sustainable development across our shared continent.

“The future prospects of the SCO remain bright,” the deputy premier remarked, noting that the region was situated at the crossroads of major international trade corridors.

By leveraging our vast natural resources, technological advancements, and vibrant human capital, the SCO could lead digital transformation, industrial growth, and sustainable economic development across Eurasia, he emphasised.

To realise this vision, the foreign minister also proposed recommendations to deepen economic cooperation among SCO countries and expand international partnerships.

Firstly, Dar called for empowering the SCO Chambers of Commerce and Business Council by establishing direct business-to-business links and organising joint trade expos. He also urged member states to streamline customs procedures to support SMEs.

Secondly, he proposed the strengthening of the SCO Interbank Consortium (IBC).

“We must accelerate local currency settlements and enhance the SCO Interbank Consortium framework to mitigate external financial risks, harmonise cross-border payment systems, and facilitate seamless trade financing,” he said.

Pending the establishment of the SCO Development Bank, the IBC can play a more active role in financing infrastructure upgrades, Dar added.

He underlined that Habib Bank Limited (HBL), the current chair of the IBC, can help advance this agenda through close coordination with fellow members.

At last, the foreign minister recommended expanding international partnerships.

“The SCO should actively expand structured partnerships with international organisations including the United Nations, Asean, the Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO), and other international and regional financial institutions, to reinforce an open, rules-based, and inclusive regional order,” Dar underscored.

He added: “Pakistan recommends that the SCO adopt a forward-looking strategy focused on joint technological innovation, climate resilience, energy security and secure supply chains.

“We must also operationalise Eurasian energy and transport corridors while deepening people-to-people ties, cultural exchanges, and educational partnerships.”

Concluding his speech, Dar said Pakistan looked forward to welcoming the heads of state at the SCO CHS summit in Islamabad in August 2027.

“Pakistan remains steadfast in its resolve to foster a peaceful, interconnected, and prosperous SCO community. Together, let us forge a shared future of enduring prosperity for all our people,” he resolved.

Dar meets Tajik top leadership

Ahead of the SCO meeting, DPM Dar called on Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, along with other heads of delegations.

“President Rahmon welcomed the leaders and emphasised the importance of strengthening regional economic cooperation under the SCO to promote connectivity, stability and shared prosperity,” the Foreign Office (FO) said.

He, along with other delegates, was then welcomed by PM Qohir Rasulzoda.

Later in the day, Dar met with Tajikistan’s FM Sirojiddin Muhriddin on the sidelines of the meeting.

The two ministers “reaffirmed the longstanding brotherly ties between Pakistan and Tajikistan, rooted in shared history, culture and faith”, FO said.

They underscored the need to further expand trade and economic cooperation, enhance regional connectivity and strengthen cooperation in energy, security and people-to-people exchanges.

The foreign ministers also exchanged views on regional and global developments and underscored the importance of continued coordination at regional and multilateral forums to advance shared goals of peace and prosperity, FO added.

The deputy premier then returned to Islamabad in the evening after concluding his “productive visit”, FO said.

During his visit, Dar also held bilateral meetings with his counterparts from SCO member states on the sidelines of the SCO moot, according to FO.

On Monday, Dar held a meeting with the Tajik premier. He also met with China’s PM Li Qiang and Mongolia’s First DPM Jadambyn Enkhbayar on the sidelines of a banquet dinner hosted for the delegates.

Pakistan, which hosted a CHG meeting in October 2024, is now scheduled to host the CHS summit in 2027 after it assumed the chairmanship last month.

On Sept 30, Dar reviewed preparations for the CHS summit as SCO national coordinators, who were in Islamabad for a meeting, called on him.

In July, Pakistan hosted the 12th meeting of the Heads of Border Services of the Competent Authorities of the SCO.

Maldives President Dr Mohamed Muizzu arrived in Islamabad on Tuesday on a three-day visit to Pakistan, according to a statement from his office.

Muizzu is visiting Pakistan at the invitation of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. The visit marks the first by a Maldivian president to Pakistan in 11 years, and comes as the two countries celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1966.

According to the statement, the Maldivian president and first lady were accorded a 21-gun salute upon their arrival at Islamabad International Airport.

“The president will be accorded an official welcome tomorrow at Prime Minister House, the official residence of the prime minister of Pakistan,” it added.

Later, Muizzu took to X and expressed appreciation for the government and “brotherly people” of Pakistan for their warmth and ceremonial welcome on his first state visit to the country.

“I look forward to fruitful engagements that will further deepen our bilateral relations, strengthen our partnership, and advance the shared aspirations of our two nations,” he wrote.

An earlier statement issued by the Foreign Office (FO) said Muizzu will meet President Asif Ali Zardari, who will host a state banquet in his honour.

He will also hold “restricted and delegation-level” talks with PM Shehbaz, the FO said.

During the talks, the two leaders will “review the entire spectrum of bilateral relations and explore avenues for further strengthening cooperation in trade, investment, health, education, tourism, agriculture, defence, maritime security, climate change and people-to-people exchanges”.

They will also exchange views on regional and international developments of mutual interest, according to the FO.

A Pakistan-Maldives Business Forum will also be held during the visit to promote interaction between the two countries’ business communities and explore opportunities for trade and investment.

“A number of agreements and memorandums of understanding (MoUs) covering diverse areas of bilateral cooperation are expected to be signed during the visit,” the statement added.

Meanwhile, the Maldivian delegation, led by Foreign Minister Iruthisham Adam and comprising cabinet ministers and senior officials, arrived in Islamabad earlier on Tuesday ahead of President Muizzu’s arrival, the Foreign Office (FO) said in a statement.

The delegation was received at the airport by the FO spokesperson, Director General (South Asia and Saarc), the Maldivian high commissioner to Pakistan and the Pakistani high commissioner to the Maldives.

In 2015, former Maldivian president Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom undertook a two-day state visit to Pakistan on May 6-7 at the invitation of then-premier Nawaz Sharif.

Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi and his Qatari counterpart, Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, have agreed to strengthen bilateral cooperation in internal security, according to a statement issued by the Interior Ministry on Tuesday.

The two met in Doha and held a detailed exchange of views on enhancing cooperation in internal security, the statement said.

They also discussed the current regional situation and matters relating to peace and stability.

“The meeting reaffirmed the commitment to strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two interior ministries,” the statement said, adding that a decision was made to strengthen mutual cooperation and partnership in internal security.

The meeting came a day after Naqvi addressed the 8th Global Security Forum in Doha, where he said Pakistan and Qatar had worked together to promote regional peace and stability.

He recalled the Lake Lucerne Summit in Switzerland, organised by Pakistan and Qatar to facilitate US-Iran talks.

Praising Qatar’s role in the peace efforts, Naqvi said the two countries’ aim was to “stop further conflict and to save innocent lives”.

“In the diplomacy of our time, when others chose sides, Qatar chose to keep talking. Pakistan has seen this closely because we have worked beside you,” he said.

Naqvi last met Al Thani on July 28 in Doha, where the two discussed security cooperation and ways to further strengthen bilateral relations in the security sector.

The government on Monday cut the price of petrol by Rs5.16 per litre and that of high-speed diesel (HSD) by Rs7.69.

Following the revision, petrol will retail at Rs381.14 per litre while HSD will cost Rs389.27 per litre. The government continues to levy Rs114 per litre in taxes and duties on petrol and Rs100 per litre on diesel.

According to the Petroleum Division’s notification, the new prices are applicable for Oct 20 (Tuesday).

The price of HSD has come down from a peak of Rs520.35 recorded on April 3. Its price had started rising from Rs281 per litre after the US-Iran war broke out on February 28.

The petrol price had peaked at Rs458.41 on April 3 after beginning its upward trajectory from Rs266 in the first week of March.

Meanwhile, the government has reintroduced a raft of austerity measures in response to rising fuel prices amid the ongoing Middle East conflict. Under these measures, markets are required to close by 9pm and fuel allocations for official vehicles has been cut by 50 per cent for three months.

On September 13, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif also announced a “relief scheme” for users of motorcycles, autos and vehicles of up to 800cc to “alleviate the burden” of rising global oil prices.

Previously, on July 17, Petroleum Minister Ali Pervaiz Malik announced that fuel prices would now be fixed on a daily basis due to fluctuations in international market prices following renewed hostilities between Iran and the US.

Prior to this, the government had been announcing weekly revisions to fuel prices since early March, alongside measures for the conservation of fuel amid possible oil supply disruptions due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. The federal government in April also announced targeted relief measures to provide subsidised fuel.

The petroleum minister stated that the cabinet and the prime minister had decided to give the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (Ogra) the responsibility of deciding fuel prices on a daily basis based on international market trends.

Petrol is mainly used in private transport, small vehicles, rickshaws and two-wheelers, and changes in its price affect the middle and lower-middle classes.

Similarly, changes in diesel prices also impact the public at large, as it is mainly used in the heavy transport sector, power plants and large generators.

Petrol and high-speed diesel (HSD) are the major revenue earners, with monthly sales of about 700,000 to 800,000 tonnes, compared to just 10,000 tonnes of monthly demand for kerosene.

The new Saudi envoy in Pakistan, Dr Rajeh Tami Albugamy, met with Chief of Defence Forces and Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir on Monday, with both sides expressing satisfaction over the progress made under the trilateral Makkah defence agreement, according to the military’s media wing.

Albugamy assumed his diplomatic responsibilities in Islamabad last Thursday, reaffirming the commitment to strengthening the strategic and fraternal ties between the two countries.

Inter-Service Public Relations (ISPR) said in a statement on Monday that the ambassador called on CDF Munir at General Headquarters (GHQ) in Rawalpindi. According to the statement, matters of mutual interest and regional security dynamics were discussed.

“Both the dignitaries expressed satisfaction over the progress made under the framework of the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement and underscored the importance of strengthening defence collaboration, institutional linkages and strategic coordination,” the statement read.

CDF Munir congratulated the ambassador on his appointment and expressed confidence that his tenure would further strengthen the longstanding fraternal ties between Islamabad and Riyadh, which are “rooted in shared faith, mutual trust and strategic partnership”.

Last week, Albugamy met Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar.

PM Shehbaz reaffirmed Pakistan’s support for Saudi Arabia in safeguarding its “sovereignty, security and territorial integrity” amid a recent escalation in Houthi attacks during their meeting.

DPM Dar, meanwhile, underscored longstanding fraternal and strategic ties between Islamabad and Riyadh when he met Albugamy. He also reaffirmed Islamabad and Riyadh’s “shared commitment to further strengthen bilateral cooperation for mutual progress and prosperity”.

Islamabad and Riyadh have signed two defence pacts aimed at collective deterrence, the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement between the two and the Makkah Joint Defence Alliance that also includes Turkiye.

Earlier this month, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye convened an emergency meeting under the Makkah alliance and agreed to deploy military forces and capabilities rapidly in the kingdom.

While the statement did not specifically name any threat, the development came against the backdrop of Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.

The Makkah defence pact, signed on Aug 7, aims to strengthen collective deterrence and empower its signatory states to treat an attack against one of them as an attack against all of them.

In an interview aired on Sunday, the military’s spokesman said Pakistan is providing “whatever support is needed” to defend Saudi Arabia amid attacks by Yemen’s Houthi rebels against the kingdom.

Senior Sindh Minister Sharjeel Inam Memon on Monday asserted that the PPP was the “last party” in favour of governor’s rule and emergency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, saying that it had emphasised dialogue as the first course of action.

The Centre imposed governor’s rule and emergency in KP on Oct 11, citing the provincial government’s “deliberate disengagement” from the fight against terrorism. The move also followed a mobilisation drive and protest march by the PTI, which was in power in KP and in opposition in the Centre, to demand the release of its jailed founder, Imran Khan.

The PPP, an ally of the ruling PML-N, supported the federal government’s move while opposition parties and leaders, in addition to the PTI, denounced it.

Memon, who was speaking to the media in Karachi, said: “Let me clarify; the step taken in KP was not out of greed or desire for power. Had it been the case, the members of the advisory council appointed by the [KP] governor would have been political representatives or suggested by the PPP.”

“They were chosen purely on merit,” he said.

The minister deemed terrorism the main challenge being faced in KP, adding that it was “plaguing” the entire country. He said the Afghan Taliban were crossing into Pakistan, infiltrating the borders areas in KP. That, he said, had been a “big challenge”.

“And the KP government was repeatedly told to fix things, but they were unwilling,” Memon claimed.

He said a comparison was also being drawn between KP and Balochistan, which was also facing security challenges. Questions were being raised that if governor’s rule was imposed in KP, why not in Balochistan, he noted.

“If there is terrorism in Balochistan, the provincial government there is fighting against it,” Memon argued, adding that Balochistan’s chief minister did not have a “soft spot” for terrorists.

He alleged that former premier Imran and later Sohail Afridi, who has become non-functional as the KP chief minister following the imposition of governor’s rule, had insisted on dialogue with terrorists.

“It was the responsibility of the KP chief minister and government to fight against terrorists,” he stressed.

Coming to his party’s involvement in the imposition of governor’s rule in KP, he said the PPP was the “last party” in favour of the move.

The PPP tried to engage the opposition and insisted that a dialogue be held with the PTI first, Memon said, adding that, however, “when just one person, the KP chief minister” was not willing to engage on counterterrorism and had a “soft spot” for terrorists, the people could not be left helpless.

He also reacted to statements by Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) chief Maulana Fazlur Rehman, who has been critical of the federal government over the imposition of governor’s rule in KP.

“We respect him a lot but that does not mean he supports a party that has backed terrorism,” he said, adding that Fazl should consider the challenges Pakistan was going through. “They (JUI-F) should help the government against terrorists, help our law enforcement agencies,” Memon added.

Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi on Monday highlighted Pakistan’s mediation efforts between the United States and Iran, affirming that Islamabad “never gave up”.

He made the remarks while addressing the 8th Global Security Forum being held in Qatar’s capital, Doha. Convened under the title “The Future of Alliances“, the forum brings together high-ranking officials and dignitaries from over 100 nations, according to Qatar News Agency.

“The last few months have been very difficult for our region. The conflict involving Iran and the United States created serious risks not only for the Middle East, but for the entire world,” Naqvi noted.

He added that at such a critical time, Pakistan chose the path of peace and made “every possible effort to reduce tensions”.

Naqvi, who has been involved in Islamabad’s peace efforts and has made several trips to Iran since the war began, said: “There were moments when the situation was extremely tense, but we never gave up.

“We continued talking, listening and working to build trust. And I can tell you from my experience: peace is not achieved in one meeting; it requires patience, trust and continuous efforts.”

He particularly highlighted the “remarkable role” of Chief of Defence Forces and Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir in Pakistan’s efforts to reduce tensions.

CDF Munir, accompanied by Naqvi, had visited Iran in August “as part of Pakistan’s efforts to promote regional peace and stability”. The interior minister last made a visit to Iran in September, with Tehran describing the trip as part of bilateral engagements.

Speaking at the Doha forum, Naqvi recalled the June 18 signing of the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Iran and the US. The 14-point MoU, which Pakistan signed as a mediator, provided a framework for ending the war that began with US-Israeli strikes on Iran on Feb 28.

The interior minister recalled that the MoU was followed by the Lake Lucerne Summit in Switzerland, organised by mediators Pakistan and Qatar.

“There, I saw something I will never forget,” he said, adding that Qatar’s Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani and CDF Munir worked for “more than 16 hours without a single break”.

“No cameras, no announcements; only two men who refused to let the talks fail,” Naqvi remarked, emphasising that the only aim of the two mediating countries was to “stop further conflict and to save innocent lives”.

The minister praised Qatar’s peace efforts, noting it had “done so much”. “In the diplomacy of our time, when others chose sides, Qatar chose to keep talking. Pakistan has seen this closely because we have worked beside you.”

He stressed that Pakistan has always believed that “dialogue is better than war”.

“Our recent experience has taught us three important lessons: never close the door to dialogue, trust is the most important key for any kind of talk, and thirdly, peace requires sincere efforts from everyone.”

The senator emphasised that no single country could achieve regional peace alone.

“Pakistan is proud of the role it has played in the regional peace efforts,” he said, reaffirming that Islamabad would continue to support dialogue, peace and cooperation.

“We believe that winning peace is far more important than winning a war,” the minister remarked.

He conveyed Pakistan’s message: “We do not want credit for stopping wars. We want a future where wars do not start.”

The war between Washington and Tehran began in February with US-Israeli strikes on Iran, which responded with retaliatory attacks on nearby Gulf countries.

While diplomatic engagements continue, there has been a lack of progress in recent weeks in negotiations to end the war.

After an interim ceasefire collapsed, Iran in September presented its proposal to reopen the Strait of Hormuz — the key oil trade route that has remained central to the conflict.

The US said it had rejected that proposal, while Iran’s security chief said negotiations have stalled because Washington failed to address all seven conditions for reopening the strait. On Sunday, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Tehran’s offer to the US to reopen the waterway within seven days was still on the table.

Meanwhile, the Middle East is currently facing heightened tensions on another front as Houthi rebels attack Saudi Arabia after a truce in their long-running war with Yemen’s coalition government unravelled in July.

Makkah alliance ‘not for war’

During his address, Naqvi cited the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement signed among Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye in August as an example of Islamabad’s commitment to regional security.

“It is a pact for defence, not for war,” he declared, adding that no country could “enjoy lasting peace if its neighbours are facing conflicts”.

The pact, under which the three countries have formed the Makkah Defence Alliance, empowers its signatory states to treat an attack against one of them as an attack against all of them.

Naqvi also spoke about countering security challenges and called for stronger international cooperation on the matter.

“As Pakistan’s interior minister, I also understand the price of terrorism and insecurity. Pakistan has suffered greatly; thousands of our citizens, soldiers, and policemen have lost their lives. Even today, we continue to fight.”

Describing terrorism as a “common enemy”, he called for “stronger cooperation, better intelligence-sharing and joint efforts to defeat it”.

The senator noted that counterterrorism cooperation was not something Pakistan has only sought, but also provided. He then highlighted the country’s contributions to the United Nations’ peacekeeping missions.

“Our UN police peacekeepers have helped protect civilians, support local police and restore peace in countries affected by conflict. We are proud of their services and sacrifices,” he said.

Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) Director General Lieutenant General Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry has said Pakistan is providing “whatever support is needed” to defend Saudi Arabia amid attacks by Yemen’s Houthi rebels against the kingdom.

The military spokesperson’s remarks — made during an interview with Independent Arabia aired on Sunday — come as Saudi Arabia has been facing deadly attacks by Houthis in recent weeks.

Islamabad and Riyadh have signed two defence pacts aimed at collective deterrence, the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement between the two and the Makkah Joint Defence Alliance that also includes Turkiye.

Responding to a query about the military support Pakistan was providing to the kingdom amid attacks by Houthis, the DG ISPR said Saudi Arabia’s “sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the security, and foremost the security of the Two Holy Mosques, is paramount”.

“It’s non-negotiable; it’s absolute as far as Pakistan is concerned […] So whatever support is needed to do that is being provided and will be provided,” he affirmed, adding that no alliance makes public the specifics and the quantification of the support provided.

Commenting on Pakistan’s reaction to the Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia, the military spokesman said, “Our reaction in Pakistan, on the streets, from a young boy and girl up to our political and military leadership, is one of anger.”

He remarked, “Our reaction is that why would anyone in his right mind attack or threaten Saudi Arabia or the holy places or even give an impression of threatening the holy places.”

He declared there could be no “ifs and buts” on the security of the holy sites.

On whether Pakistan’s support to Saudi Arabia will strictly remain defensive if the Houthi attacks continue, the the military spokesperson said all three members of the alliance were “absolutely clear […] that this alliance has no offensive intent; it is purely defensive”.

Citing Article 51 of the United Nations Charter that provides collective deterrence, he said such a mechanism “gives a very strong and clear message to those elements of instability, of chaos, in the region that if you directly or indirectly wage this war against any of these three countries, then the response will be collective”.

“If that deterrence doesn’t work, then that deterrence has to be re-established by all means that are available to the three countries,” he added.

Asked whether Islamabad had issued any “warning” to Tehran regarding Houthis as the Saudi deputy foreign minister linked the two, the DG ISPR stressed that Pakistan had been engaging with all parties involved, including Iran, “with the singular intent of restraint and to reduce the temperatures”.

The military spokesperson reiterated that “all interactions and all conversations with the parties are based on dialling down the escalation”.

Speaking further about the ongoing tensions in the Middle East, Lt Gen Chaudhry noted, “You have seen a sinusoidal sort of pattern in this conflict, that it does down and then the agent of chaos starts and they come into play and take the entity up.”

He contended that such escalations will not “resolve this conflict”.

“Whether you expand it to Houthis, whether you expand it to other places, it doesn’t serve anything. It only serves those who are interested in chaos in the region.”

The DG ISPR added: “But at the same time, […] Pakistan is giving very strong signals that this collective deterrence is at play, has already been actualised and we will take all necessary steps for the security and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Haramain Sharifain (The Two Holy Mosques).”

He remarked that the “message is going to everyone, whether he is in front or he is behind” the escalation.

Regarding reports linking the alliance’s formation to the need to deter Iran or Israel, Lt Gen Chaudhry said the pact was not “country-specific” and did not have any “offensive intent”.

However, he added: “It is [formed] to have peace, stability and security in the region. So any actor which threatens that peace, stability and security, it automatically interacts with this collective deterrence mechanism.”

Regarding the threats to maritime navigation in the Bab al-Mandeb Strait and the Strait of Hormuz, the DG ISPR noted that Riyadh had established a multinational maritime defence coalition, with a Pakistani naval officer serving as its deputy commander.

‘We need to stop attacking each other’

Asked about his message to Saudi Arabia and the Muslim world, Lt Gen Chaudhry said Muslims “need to unite”. He emphasised that there was no advantage “to these countries, any country, by vertically or horizontally escalating these conflicts”.

“We need to stop attacking each other,” he maintained, highlighting that Pakistan had been trying to convey the same to all parties since the US-Iran war erupted.

“If we are unable to come to a negotiated outcome and we turn into a military conflict, then this instrument of collective deterrence of the Makkah alliance will definitely come into play, as it is coming into play,” Lt Gen Chaudhry said.

On scepticism raised about the Makkah pact, the DG ISPR remarked that the sceptics were “only those who have a problem with this alliance, so it’s their job to do this criticism”.

“It’s not suddenly out of the blue that they have decided. The relations go way back,” he stressed. He further termed it “phenomenal” how the alliance has evolved “in a very short period of time”.

Regarding the expansion of the alliance, the military spokesperson maintained that the door remains open to other countries that believe in the principle of collective deterrence and share the member states’ goals related to regional security and stability.

Asked about reports of Egypt and Syria’s interest in joining, he stated such decisions rest with the political, strategic and military leadership of the three countries.

Earlier this month, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye convened an emergency meeting under the Makkah Defence Alliance and agreed to deploy military forces and capabilities rapidly in the kingdom.

While the statement did not specifically name any threat, the development came against the backdrop of Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.

The Makkah defence pact, signed on Aug 7, aims to strengthen collective deterrence and empower its signatory states to treat an attack against one of them as an attack against all of them.

On Sept 18, the DG ISPR said Pakistan would go to “any extent” to defend Saudi Arabia, adding that Islamabad’s commitment to the kingdom’s security is “unconditional”. At the same time, Pakistan also stresses that the alliance is intended for collective deterrence and is defensive in nature.