Some 2,500 years ago, Babylon trained the sons of its wealthiest families without a single weekly hour devoted to the gods. There was no textbook that worked as a Bible either. Religion was everywhere and in no particular subject, spread through sign lists, writing exercises and arithmetic drills. A study published in the journal Iraq […]

Nobody expects to find a two-thousand-year-old fortification in the courtyards of a working hospital. But that is what archaeologists have uncovered at the Hôtel-Dieu, on the Île de la Cité, the island in the Seine where Notre-Dame stands. The wall runs for about 20 meters (roughly 65 feet) and shows clear signs of having burned […]

In late 2025, conservators from Oxford’s Ashmolean Museum brought an unassuming object to the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Oxfordshire: a terret, a small bronze loop that Iron Age chariots used to keep a horse’s reins from tangling. It looked modest. It was nearly 2,000 years old. And under X-ray analysis, it turned out to […]

In the spring of 2019, workers dredging gravel at Deinham, a site on the Danube in Upper Austria, kept snagging strange double-pointed iron objects in the excavator’s bucket. Instead of tossing them into the scrap pile — the usual fate of corroded iron pulled from riverbeds, since it rarely looks as recognizable as bronze — […]

On the slope below the cemetery of Sant’Elpidio a Mare, in Italy’s Le Marche region, recent heavy rains loosened the hillside enough to expose something no one was looking for: a rounded ceramic vessel, decoration still visible, sitting almost intact in the displaced earth. It looked, at first, like debris. It turned out to be […]

The face is gone. Not chipped or worn away by time, but struck — possibly on purpose — until nothing remained of the features that once identified this life-size limestone head, carved roughly 2,400 years ago. What survived instead is the hairstyle: a braid gathered at the nape, with curls falling at the sides. For […]

For nearly two centuries, archaeologists excavating Nimrud, one of the capitals of the Assyrian Empire in present-day northern Iraq, focused their attention on the acropolis mound. There, they unearthed palaces, temples, and massive stone reliefs depicting the deeds of kings. But the city that spread at its feet—an extensive area of 340 hectares surrounded by […]