King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia visited Ceuta on Tuesday for the first time in 14 years, with the monarch reaffirming Spain’s sovereignty over the North African enclaves claimed by Morocco. The landmark visit comes amid strained relations with Rabat and the aftermath of a mass migrant influx that saw makeshift camps cleared ahead of the royals’ arrival.

Russia hammered Ukrainian cities and transport links overnight into Tuesday, killing at least four people in the city of Kharkiv, while appearing to spare energy facilities for the first time since US President Donald Trump announced an "energy ceasefire" at the weekend. It was not clear whether Moscow had deliberately avoided targeting power plants.

Hungary's parliament voted on Tuesday to remove anti-LGBTQ provisions from a "child protection" law adopted in 2021 under the country's former nationalist leader, in the first significant move to reverse discriminatory legislation since Prime Minister Peter Magyar took power in May.

French students staged another day of nationwide protests on Tuesday over poor school conditions, including teacher shortages and dilapidated buildings, vowing to keep up the pressure ahead of half-term holidays. Around 480,000 protesters joined in on the demonstrations, with Swedish activist Greta Thunberg turning up in Paris to boost the movement’s visibility. Read our liveblog to see how all the day's events unfolded.

Russia said on Monday that European Union countries had bought $320.7 billion worth of its energy resources since 2022, despite sanctions over the war in Ukraine. The figure fuelled tensions as European officials criticised a US deal to import Russian diesel, while Stockholm called for the bloc to use frozen Russian assets to boost support for Kyiv.

Pope ​Leo had a lower lobe ​of his right lung removed during surgery on Tuesday ​and ‌was diagnosed with lung ⁠adenocarcinoma, a common form of ‌lung cancer, the Vatican said in ⁠a medical bulletin. The surgery was successful and the pope is expected to spend a week in hospital recovering. The 71-year-old pontiff is due to travel to Uruguay, Argentina and Peru on November 6, though the Vatican has not confirmed the operation date.