A suspected terrorist attack near Paris Friday added to tensions across France as the nation prepares for more potential violence Saturday.

Seventy thousand law enforcement officers, along with helicopters, armored vehicles and water cannons, will be deployed across France as President Emmanuel Macron’s government tries to ward off another weekend of violent protests.

"The strategy adopted for the coming days is to ban protests requested by individuals or groups with no legitimate authority," Macron said ahead of the weekend after canceling his planned trip to Nigeria and Senegal originally scheduled for next week.

"The rules are simple, and I think they're just common sense," Macron added. "The general recommendation is that there should be no demonstrations in the coming days."

FRANCE'S MACRON BLAMES PROTESTS ON 'ULTRA-LEFT GROUPS WHOSE AIM IS TO BRING DOWN THE REPUBLIC'

"Where trade unions submit requests to hold demonstrations, prefects will examine them in accordance with the law," he added, "but alternative routes will be proposed" to protect city centers, businesses and public buildings.

Adding to security concerns, a suspected terrorist attack occurred in the city of Trappes, west of Paris. A 39-year-old man was arrested by police after one person was killed and four others, including a 12-year-old girl, were wounded in what was originally said to be a "relatively random" shooting. 

Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez has since told local media, "The motive may be racist. The investigation is ongoing, but this is clearly a terrorist crime."

The AFP reported the suspect appeared to fire randomly from a vehicle, and the mayor told reporters the dead victim and at least one of the wounded were "of African origin." 

Macron said "the nation is standing with" the victims of this "terrible ordeal."

FRANCE COULD FACE EVEN WORSE DESTRUCTION WITH SECOND WEEKEND OF PLANNED RIOTS, STATE DEPT WARNS

Ahead of Saturday's protests and after acknowledging that police had "lost control" during last weekend's unrest, Nuñez, the interior minister, said his ministry is "ready for tomorrow. We will be extremely vigilant, extremely firm, and we will let absolutely nothing pass."

Reuters reports that the Union Nationale des Étudiants de France, or UNEF, one of the nation’s oldest student unions, has said its planned rallies will go on as scheduled despite police rejecting their permit requests. Police have so far only approved a union demonstration in Paris, Reuters reported, while denying requests from UNEF and the "Yellow Vest" movement, an anti-establishment force that first emerged in 2018.

Macron also took aim at those he says are behind the violence, saying, "Last Saturday, we had political and seditious acts by ultra-left groups whose aim is to bring down the Republic."

Earlier this week, Fabian Vanhemelryck, secretary general of the Alliance Police Nationale union, said political figures deserved blame because of "those who excuse the inexcusable, justify violence and prefer to overwrite police officers rather than condemn those who attack them."

He also said the "state that abandons its police officers in the face of increasingly uninhibited violence, while demanding that they accept, remain(s) silent and continue(s) to hold the line."

Major French institutions, like the Louvre and the Musée d'Orsay, will be closed in anticipation of Saturday’s planned protests, and 24 Metro stations across Paris will be closed. A Ligue 1 soccer match between Paris Saint-Germain and Olympique Lyonnais, scheduled for Sunday night at Parc des Princes in the capital, has also been postponed to Monday evening.

The NFL game between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New Orleans Saints, scheduled for Sunday afternoon at Stade de France just north of central Paris, is still set to be played as scheduled, yet some weekend events around the game have been canceled.

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The Stade de France is the same stadium that hosted an international soccer match between France and neighboring Germany during the Nov. 13, 2015 terror attacks. 

Explosions were heard outside the stadium during the game that night, with then-French President François Hollande in attendance. Fans were held inside the stadium for hours while authorities dealt with the attacks unfolding around Paris that night.

The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.

Fox News Digital's "Who's Who in Chaos Inc." is a living database mapping the organizations, local chapters, international networks and funders organizing or amplifying major protest movements.

The directory identifies each group's mission, ideology, organizational role and documented protest activity, distinguishing direct organizers and participants from supporters and amplifiers.

The database will be continuously updated and organized by country as new organizations, chapters, coalitions and connections emerge, providing a running picture of how local protest movements connect to broader national and transnational networks.

WHO'S WHO IN THE 287-GROUP FRANCE PROTEST ECOSYSTEM

ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST (50)

1. Action citoyenne antiraciste antifasciste Beaucaire — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
2. Action Antifasciste 16 / Action AntiFa16 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Action Antifasciste Amiens & Alentours — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Action Antifasciste Angevine (3A) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
5. Action antifasciste de l’Ain — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Action Antifasciste Deux-Sèvres — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AFA Dijon / Dijon Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. AFA39 - Jura Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. AG anti-fasciste 72 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
10. AG Antifasciste de Brest — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
11. Collectif antifasciste du 11ème — Antifascist Collective of the 11th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Collectif antifasciste du 20e — Antifascist Collective of the 20th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Comité antifasciste du 19e — Antifascist Committee of the 19th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Antifa Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Antifa Paris 20ème — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
16. Antifas Marseille 1er — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.
17. Antifasciste Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: It's participated in many anti-government protests.
18. Caen Antifa Squad — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Collectif Antifasciste Lorient et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Collectif Antifasciste de Lutte Montrouge et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Collectif Nîmois Antifasciste et Queer — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Collectif Antifasciste du Bassin Minier — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Collectif Antifasciste Orléans — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Collectif de Vigilance Antifasciste (CVA) 22 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Collectif féministe antifa 71 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Front Féministe Antiraciste Antifasciste Juif — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
27. Garde Antifasciste 53 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Groupe antifasciste Charvieu et environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
29. Gwened Antifa Crew (Vannes) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Kreiz Breizh Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
31. La Piraterie Antifasciste (Genève) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
32. Lutte antifasciste forezienne — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
33. Millevaches Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
34. Morlaix Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
35. Nissa Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
36. Orléans Riposte Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
37. Rafahl43 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
38. Réseau Antifasciste Var — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
39. Riposte Antifasciste Marseille — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
40. Riposte Antifasciste Nantaise — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
41. Rouen Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
42. Saint-Denis Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
43. Suresnes anti-fascist anti-racist — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
44. Tours AntiFasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
45. CRAAAME — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
46. No pasaran 84 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
47. AMAARS (Assemblée Morbihan (Est) Antifasciste Antiraciste Rurale et Solidaire) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
48. Choisyenne Anti-Fascist Solidarity — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
49. Ciao Fachos — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
50. Pays d'Auray Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.

STUDENT / YOUTH (27)

1. G.E.L 72 - Groupe Étudiant Libertaire Sarthe — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Jeunes Écologistes du Loiret — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Le Poing Levé Orléans — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Étudiant-e-s Montpellier — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Young Struggle — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. AFGES – Les étudiant·e·s d’Alsace — STUDENT / YOUTH: Historically called Association fédérative générale des étudiants de Strasbourg. Student federation in Alsace, centered in Strasbourg.
7. Communist Youth of Greece — COMMUNIST: A Greek communist youth organization that has publicly supported French students, connecting their education demands to opposition to military spending and government austerity. It has also supported communist protesters in Madrid, Spain, and Greece.
8. Coordination nationale lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: High-school coordination It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Étudiants Musulmans de France (EMF) — Muslim Students of France: A Muslim student association involved in student representation and campus solidarity whose social-media activity appears in the protest research; its exact Oct. 17 role remains unconfirmed.
10. Fédération des associations générales étudiantes (FAGE) — Federation of General Student Associations: A national student federation that joined calls for student mobilization against the "extremely violent repression" of youth. It shared footage of its members marching on Oct. 17, with the hashtags #manifestation #genz #17octobre.
11. Fédération Syndicale Étudiante (FSE) — Student Trade Union Federation: A left-wing student organization whose activists appeared in demonstrations and announced "Democratic and Antifascist Vigilance Committees," linking high-school grievances to the treatment of anti-Israel activists and union members. On Saturday, it posted videos with its trademark solid red flags. One message read: "In Bordeaux, protesters invade the house of the mayor! On October 17, the whole country is on a standstill. Everyone is mobilizing for better living conditions, and against cutting the budget for public service! In Bordeaux, we hear echoing in the protest: Only one solution, the Revolution! The mobilization of the 17 continues: let's block everywhere in France!" Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
12. Jeunesse du Monde — COMMUNIST PUBLICATION: A communist publication associated with the Organisation Communiste de France; separate organizational participation in the October 17 protests has not been established.
13. La Jeunesse Communists — COMMUNIST: A group coordinating communist youth activism visible in the French demonstrations, including hammer-and-sickle flags and banners calling for "Class War!"
14. La Relève Lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Le Poing Levé — The Raised Fist — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A revolutionary student and youth organization associated with Révolution Permanente that works to connect high-school and university protests.
16. Les Lycéens! — The High School Students!: A high-school student organization active in the early school blockades.
17. Rassemblement pour l'égalité et la démocratie Jeunes — Youth for Equality and Democracy: A youth civic and political organization associated with organizing support for students in Seine-Saint-Denis; its specific Oct. 17 role has not been independently established.
18. Renouveau lycéen — High School Renewal: A high-school student organization identified in coverage of the October school mobilization.
19. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Solidaires Students: A left-wing student union that supported the high-school movement and helped connect university students with the October demonstrations.
20. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Student Solidarity — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Solidarité Étudiante 14 — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student organization It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Student Solidarity.es Nancy — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Student Union Federation — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization.
24. Union de la Jeunesse Communiste (UJC) — Communist Youth Union — COMMUNIST: A French communist youth organization that called on supporters to join and amplify the student struggle.
25. Union Étudiante — Student Union: A national university student union that helped mobilize students for the Oct. 6 demonstrations and encouraged participation in the broader movement.
26. Union nationale des étudiants de France (UNEF) — National Union of Students of France: One of France's established student unions, it was among the organizers of the Oct. 6 nationwide demonstrations.
27. Union syndicale lycéenne (USL) — High School Students' Union: A French high-school student union that helped organize the initial school blockades and October demonstrations before publicly supporting students joining the Oct. 17 Yellow Vest mobilization.

COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST (27)

1. Gauche Républicaine et Socialiste (GRS) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. La France Insoumise (LFI) 18 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. NPA-A Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Parti Communiste Français Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Parti Socialiste Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Union pour la Reconstruction Communiste (URC) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Unité Rouge (07-26-38) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. BreakThrough News — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A New York-based outlet that reported on French student demonstrations and previewed their participation in the October 17 cost-of-living mobilization.
9. Extinction Rebellion — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
10. Fasci-Milé (PACA / Vaucluse) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
11. Indian Alliance Paris — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A France-based Indian diaspora organization that connected French and Indian youth protests through its social-media messaging. It has partnered with the SIngham network's People's Forum for an event.
12. International Communist League — TROTSKYIST: An international communist organization whose French publication Le Bolchévik called on labor unions to mobilize in support of the school protests.
13. Organisation communiste révolutionnaire — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A communist organization identified in the wider research whose precise legal identity and direct October protest activities require additional verification.
14. La France insoumise (LFI) — France Unbowed — LEFT-POPULIST / SOCIALIST: A political movement whose elected officials supported student blockades, including lawmaker Louis Boyard, who waved a Palestinian flag alongside students at Paris-Est-Créteil University.
15. Marseille Unite Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
16. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA Charente (NPA 16) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Political party — local chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA L'Anticapitaliste Nancy 54 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste – L’Anticapitaliste — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It i supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Parti communiste français (PCF) — French Communist Party — COMMUNIST: Party leader Fabien Roussel publicly supported student demonstrators in Paris alongside communist elected officials and activists as demonstrators carried party flags.
20. Parti de l'égalité socialiste — Socialist Equality Party — TROTSKYIST: A French socialist organization that called for workers' action committees and broader mobilization in support of the student movement.
21. Parti des Indigènes de la République (PIR) — Party of the Indigenous of the Republic — DECOLONIAL POLITICAL MOVEMENT: A political organization that defended the student revolt and circulated imagery of protesters outside Lycée Paul Éluard holding a Palestinian flag.
22. Révolution Permanente — Permanent Revolution — TROTSKYIST: A revolutionary socialist organization and publication that reported on university blockades and encouraged solidarity between high-school and university students.
23. Révolution Permanente Angoulême — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Local political/media chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Revolutionary Communist Group — COMMUNIST: A British revolutionary communist organization that published an article connecting the French student revolt to opposition to capitalism, imperialism and support for Palestine.
25. Union Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Union Communiste Libertaire (UCL) France — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
27. World Socialist Web Site — TROTSKYIST MEDIA: An international socialist publication that covered the French school blockades and placed them within a broader argument about austerity, militarization and capitalism.

LABOR UNION (24)

1. CGT Eure-et-Loir — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Comité Droits et Libertés Solidarité 77 Sud — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Femmes solidaires du Montargois — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Laval — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. SUD éducation 33 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. SUD éducation 36-37 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. SUD éducation 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. SUD éducation 85 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Union syndicale Solidaires 61 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Union syndicale Solidaires 87 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Confédération générale du travail ArianeGroup Issac union - CGT ArianeGroup Issac union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Confédération paysanne — Peasant Confederation: A farmers' union that called on agricultural workers to join Oct. 17 protests, linking rural economic grievances with the national mobilization.
13. FNEC FP-FO — National Federation of Education, Culture and Vocational Training–Workers' Force: Force Ouvrière's education federation, which joined calls supporting high-school demonstrations.
14. Force Ouvrière (FO) — Workers' Force: A national labor confederation whose education affiliates joined calls supporting high-school students.
15. Solidaires 35 departmental union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Solidaires 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. SUD éducation — SUD Education: A left-wing education union that joined mobilization calls involving students and education workers.
18. SUD PTT 45 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization.
19. SUD social protection 93 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Syndicat National de l'Enseignement Technique Agricole Public - Fédération syndicale unitaire — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Syndicat national des enseignements de second degré (SNES-FSU) — National Union of Secondary Education: A major secondary-school personnel union that supported strikes and demonstrations in solidarity with students.
22. Syndicat National des Techniciens de la Production Cinématographique et de Télévision - National Union of Cinematographic and Television Production Technicians — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (UNSA) — National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions: A national trade-union federation whose education organizations supported the school movement.
24. Union syndicale Solidaires — Solidaires Trade Union: A left-wing labor federation whose regional branches promoted Oct. 17 demonstrations and strikes after earlier student solidarity mobilizations. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.

MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST (19)

1. Amnesty International Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. ASTI Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l’amitié entre les peuples 66 - MRAP 66 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Observatoire du racisme en politique (Paris) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. All Refugees — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Amnesty International France: The French section of Amnesty International that reported on police treatment of minors during the school protests.
7. Association Marocaine des Droits Humains PARIS IDF - AMDH PARIS IDF (Moroccan Association of Human Rights) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Association of Maghreb Workers of France — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Citizens' Assembly of Originals of Turkey (The) - L'ACORT — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Coordination Sans-Papiers 75 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Euro-Maghreb Citizenship and Culture Network (REMCC) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Fédération des Associations de Solidarité avec Tou·te·s les Immigré·e·s — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fédération Droit Au Logement — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Fondation Frantz Fanon — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Handi-Social — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP) — Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples: An antiracism organization identified in earlier coalition activity around the student demonstrations.
17. Pan-Asian Generation - Génération panasiatique — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Rights Ahead!! — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. SOS Racisme — SOS Racism: A French antiracism organization included in coalition activity supporting the school movement.

FEMINIST / LGBTQ (16)

1. Collectif féministe 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Féministes en tous genres 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. GAGL45 Centre LGBT+ — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. GRIF - Groupe Radical Intersectionnel Féministe Orléans — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Lille Radiqueer — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Mouvement Français pour le Planning Familial 93 - MFPF 93 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Planning Familial du Loiret — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. #NousToutes France — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization.
9. Bordeaux Feminist Collages — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Football Club Paris Arc en Ciel — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. LABEL GOUINE — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Les dégos (formerly degommeuses) — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Nous Toutes 35 / Rennes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
14. NousToutes - #NousToutes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. NousToutes Paris 19/20 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. PROUD•E•S AUBER — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE (13)

1. Alternatiba Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Extinction Rebellion La Rochelle — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Extinction Rebellion Tours — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Greenpeace Le Mans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Réseau pour les Alternatives Forestières (Limousin) — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Soulèvements de la Terre Essonne 91 — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Soulèvements de la Terre IDF — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Soulèvements de la Terre Indre — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Alternatiba Rouen — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter.
10. Extinction Rebellion Île-de-France — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Les Soulèvements de la Terre — Earth Uprisings: A radical environmental movement that celebrated the student revolt and called for an antifascist uprising.
12. Soulèvements de la Terre Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
13. Uprisings of the Earth Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

PALESTINE SOLIDARITY (11)

1. AFPS Loiret — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Collectif Orléanais pour une paix juste et durable entre Palestiniens et Israéliens — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Secours Palestinien (Tours) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Sound of Sudan — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Urgence Palestine Orléans (UPO) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. ACT FOR PALESTINE — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AGIR POUR LA PALESTINE Collective — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif de Solidarité Palestine 37 — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization.
9. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
10. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
11. Urgence Palestine — Palestine Emergency: A French Palestine-solidarity organization whose protest-related social-media activity appears in the research, although direct organization of the October 17 demonstrations is not established.

OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST (100)

1. AFA Annemasse — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. AFA78 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Association des Ami.e.s de Maurice Rajsfus — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. OWL afa Dijon — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. ATTAC 45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Aux actes citoyens — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Cantine des Indigné·es Orléans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif immigrés du Montargois — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Collectif national pour une paix juste et durable — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Collectif Santé Est Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Contrevents (Côtes d’Armor) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Debout ! — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fondation Copernic — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. France-Cuba Association — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Génération.s — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. info gauchO — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. L’Après — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. La Digue — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. La Marche des Solidarités — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Le Boucan des paillettes (La Rochelle) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Le Renouveau Syndical — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Les ami.es de la conf’45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Les amis de la Commune de Paris — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Les Écologistes Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Les Voix Éclairées (Yonne) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. LHIAA — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
27. Loiret populaire — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Mémoires En Marche Marseille — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
29. MODEF — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Mouvement de la Paix — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is

Fox News Digital's "Who's Who in Chaos Inc." is a living database mapping the organizations, local chapters, international networks and funders organizing or amplifying major protest movements.

The directory identifies each group's mission, ideology, organizational role and documented protest activity, distinguishing direct organizers and participants from supporters and amplifiers.

The database will be continuously updated and organized by country as new organizations, chapters, coalitions and connections emerge, providing a running picture of how local protest movements connect to broader national and transnational networks.

WHO'S WHO IN THE 287-GROUP FRANCE PROTEST ECOSYSTEM

ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST (50)

1. Action citoyenne antiraciste antifasciste Beaucaire — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
2. Action Antifasciste 16 / Action AntiFa16 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Action Antifasciste Amiens & Alentours — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Action Antifasciste Angevine (3A) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
5. Action antifasciste de l’Ain — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Action Antifasciste Deux-Sèvres — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AFA Dijon / Dijon Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. AFA39 - Jura Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. AG anti-fasciste 72 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
10. AG Antifasciste de Brest — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
11. Collectif antifasciste du 11ème — Antifascist Collective of the 11th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Collectif antifasciste du 20e — Antifascist Collective of the 20th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Comité antifasciste du 19e — Antifascist Committee of the 19th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Antifa Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Antifa Paris 20ème — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
16. Antifas Marseille 1er — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.
17. Antifasciste Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: It's participated in many anti-government protests.
18. Caen Antifa Squad — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Collectif Antifasciste Lorient et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Collectif Antifasciste de Lutte Montrouge et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Collectif Nîmois Antifasciste et Queer — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Collectif Antifasciste du Bassin Minier — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Collectif Antifasciste Orléans — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Collectif de Vigilance Antifasciste (CVA) 22 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Collectif féministe antifa 71 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Front Féministe Antiraciste Antifasciste Juif — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
27. Garde Antifasciste 53 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Groupe antifasciste Charvieu et environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
29. Gwened Antifa Crew (Vannes) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Kreiz Breizh Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
31. La Piraterie Antifasciste (Genève) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
32. Lutte antifasciste forezienne — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
33. Millevaches Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
34. Morlaix Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
35. Nissa Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
36. Orléans Riposte Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
37. Rafahl43 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
38. Réseau Antifasciste Var — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.
39. Riposte Antifasciste Marseille — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
40. Riposte Antifasciste Nantaise — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
41. Rouen Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
42. Saint-Denis Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
43. Suresnes anti-fascist anti-racist — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
44. Tours AntiFasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
45. CRAAAME — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
46. No pasaran 84 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
47. AMAARS (Assemblée Morbihan (Est) Antifasciste Antiraciste Rurale et Solidaire) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
48. Choisyenne Anti-Fascist Solidarity — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
49. Ciao Fachos — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
50. Pays d'Auray Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.

STUDENT / YOUTH (27)

1. G.E.L 72 - Groupe Étudiant Libertaire Sarthe — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Jeunes Écologistes du Loiret — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Le Poing Levé Orléans — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Étudiant-e-s Montpellier — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Young Struggle — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. AFGES – Les étudiant·e·s d’Alsace — STUDENT / YOUTH: Historically called Association fédérative générale des étudiants de Strasbourg. Student federation in Alsace, centered in Strasbourg.
7. Communist Youth of Greece — COMMUNIST: A Greek communist youth organization that has publicly supported French students, connecting their education demands to opposition to military spending and government austerity. It has also supported communist protesters in Madrid, Spain, and Greece.
8. Coordination nationale lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: High-school coordination It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Étudiants Musulmans de France (EMF) — Muslim Students of France: A Muslim student association involved in student representation and campus solidarity whose social-media activity appears in the protest research; its exact Oct. 17 role remains unconfirmed.
10. Fédération des associations générales étudiantes (FAGE) — Federation of General Student Associations: A national student federation that joined calls for student mobilization against the "extremely violent repression" of youth. It shared footage of its members marching on Oct. 17, with the hashtags #manifestation #genz #17octobre.
11. Fédération Syndicale Étudiante (FSE) — Student Trade Union Federation: A left-wing student organization whose activists appeared in demonstrations and announced "Democratic and Antifascist Vigilance Committees," linking high-school grievances to the treatment of anti-Israel activists and union members. On Saturday, it posted videos with its trademark solid red flags. One message read: "In Bordeaux, protesters invade the house of the mayor! On October 17, the whole country is on a standstill. Everyone is mobilizing for better living conditions, and against cutting the budget for public service! In Bordeaux, we hear echoing in the protest: Only one solution, the Revolution! The mobilization of the 17 continues: let's block everywhere in France!" It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
12. Jeunesse du Monde — COMMUNIST PUBLICATION: A communist publication associated with the Organisation Communiste de France; separate organizational participation in the October 17 protests has not been established.
13. La Jeunesse Communists — COMMUNIST: A group coordinating communist youth activism visible in the French demonstrations, including hammer-and-sickle flags and banners calling for "Class War!"
14. La Relève Lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Le Poing Levé — The Raised Fist — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A revolutionary student and youth organization associated with Révolution Permanente that works to connect high-school and university protests.
16. Les Lycéens! — The High School Students!: A high-school student organization active in the early school blockades.
17. Rassemblement pour l'égalité et la démocratie Jeunes — Youth for Equality and Democracy: A youth civic and political organization associated with organizing support for students in Seine-Saint-Denis; its specific Oct. 17 role has not been independently established.
18. Renouveau lycéen — High School Renewal: A high-school student organization identified in coverage of the October school mobilization.
19. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Solidaires Students: A left-wing student union that supported the high-school movement and helped connect university students with the October demonstrations.
20. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Student Solidarity — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Solidarité Étudiante 14 — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student organization It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Student Solidarity.es Nancy — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Student Union Federation — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization.
24. Union de la Jeunesse Communiste (UJC) — Communist Youth Union — COMMUNIST: A French communist youth organization that called on supporters to join and amplify the student struggle.
25. Union Étudiante — Student Union: A national university student union that helped mobilize students for the Oct. 6 demonstrations and encouraged participation in the broader movement.
26. Union nationale des étudiants de France (UNEF) — National Union of Students of France: One of France's established student unions, it was among the organizers of the Oct. 6 nationwide demonstrations.
27. Union syndicale lycéenne (USL) — High School Students' Union: A French high-school student union that helped organize the initial school blockades and October demonstrations before publicly supporting students joining the Oct. 17 Yellow Vest mobilization.

COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST (27)

1. Gauche Républicaine et Socialiste (GRS) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. La France Insoumise (LFI) 18 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. NPA-A Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Parti Communiste Français Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Parti Socialiste Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Union pour la Reconstruction Communiste (URC) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Unité Rouge (07-26-38) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. BreakThrough News — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A New York-based outlet that reported on French student demonstrations and previewed their participation in the October 17 cost-of-living mobilization.
9. Extinction Rebellion — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
10. Fasci-Milé (PACA / Vaucluse) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
11. Indian Alliance Paris — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A France-based Indian diaspora organization that connected French and Indian youth protests through its social-media messaging. It has partnered with the SIngham network's People's Forum for an event.
12. International Communist League — TROTSKYIST: An international communist organization whose French publication Le Bolchévik called on labor unions to mobilize in support of the school protests.
13. Organisation communiste révolutionnaire — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A communist organization identified in the wider research whose precise legal identity and direct October protest activities require additional verification.
14. La France insoumise (LFI) — France Unbowed — LEFT-POPULIST / SOCIALIST: A political movement whose elected officials supported student blockades, including lawmaker Louis Boyard, who waved a Palestinian flag alongside students at Paris-Est-Créteil University.
15. Marseille Unite Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
16. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA Charente (NPA 16) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Political party — local chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA L'Anticapitaliste Nancy 54 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste – L’Anticapitaliste — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Parti communiste français (PCF) — French Communist Party — COMMUNIST: Party leader Fabien Roussel publicly supported student demonstrators in Paris alongside communist elected officials and activists as demonstrators carried party flags.
20. Parti de l'égalité socialiste — Socialist Equality Party — TROTSKYIST: A French socialist organization that called for workers' action committees and broader mobilization in support of the student movement.
21. Parti des Indigènes de la République (PIR) — Party of the Indigenous of the Republic — DECOLONIAL POLITICAL MOVEMENT: A political organization that defended the student revolt and circulated imagery of protesters outside Lycée Paul Éluard holding a Palestinian flag.
22. Révolution Permanente — Permanent Revolution — TROTSKYIST: A revolutionary socialist organization and publication that reported on university blockades and encouraged solidarity between high-school and university students.
23. Révolution Permanente Angoulême — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Local political/media chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Revolutionary Communist Group — COMMUNIST: A British revolutionary communist organization that published an article connecting the French student revolt to opposition to capitalism, imperialism and support for Palestine.
25. Union Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Union Communiste Libertaire (UCL) France — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
27. World Socialist Web Site — TROTSKYIST MEDIA: An international socialist publication that covered the French school blockades and placed them within a broader argument about austerity, militarization and capitalism.

LABOR UNION (24)

1. CGT Eure-et-Loir — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Comité Droits et Libertés Solidarité 77 Sud — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Femmes solidaires du Montargois — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Laval — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. SUD éducation 33 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. SUD éducation 36-37 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. SUD éducation 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. SUD éducation 85 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Union syndicale Solidaires 61 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Union syndicale Solidaires 87 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Confédération générale du travail ArianeGroup Issac union - CGT ArianeGroup Issac union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Confédération paysanne — Peasant Confederation: A farmers' union that called on agricultural workers to join Oct. 17 protests, linking rural economic grievances with the national mobilization.
13. FNEC FP-FO — National Federation of Education, Culture and Vocational Training–Workers' Force: Force Ouvrière's education federation, which joined calls supporting high-school demonstrations.
14. Force Ouvrière (FO) — Workers' Force: A national labor confederation whose education affiliates joined calls supporting high-school students.
15. Solidaires 35 departmental union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Solidaires 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. SUD éducation — SUD Education: A left-wing education union that joined mobilization calls involving students and education workers.
18. SUD PTT 45 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization.
19. SUD social protection 93 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Syndicat National de l'Enseignement Technique Agricole Public - Fédération syndicale unitaire — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Syndicat national des enseignements de second degré (SNES-FSU) — National Union of Secondary Education: A major secondary-school personnel union that supported strikes and demonstrations in solidarity with students.
22. Syndicat National des Techniciens de la Production Cinématographique et de Télévision - National Union of Cinematographic and Television Production Technicians — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (UNSA) — National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions: A national trade-union federation whose education organizations supported the school movement.
24. Union syndicale Solidaires — Solidaires Trade Union: A left-wing labor federation whose regional branches promoted Oct. 17 demonstrations and strikes after earlier student solidarity mobilizations. It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.

MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST (19)

1. Amnesty International Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. ASTI Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l’amitié entre les peuples 66 - MRAP 66 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Observatoire du racisme en politique (Paris) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. All Refugees — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Amnesty International France: The French section of Amnesty International that reported on police treatment of minors during the school protests.
7. Association Marocaine des Droits Humains PARIS IDF - AMDH PARIS IDF (Moroccan Association of Human Rights) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Association of Maghreb Workers of France — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Citizens' Assembly of Originals of Turkey (The) - L'ACORT — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Coordination Sans-Papiers 75 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Euro-Maghreb Citizenship and Culture Network (REMCC) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Fédération des Associations de Solidarité avec Tou·te·s les Immigré·e·s — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fédération Droit Au Logement — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Fondation Frantz Fanon — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Handi-Social — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP) — Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples: An antiracism organization identified in earlier coalition activity around the student demonstrations.
17. Pan-Asian Generation - Génération panasiatique — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Rights Ahead!! — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. SOS Racisme — SOS Racism: A French antiracism organization included in coalition activity supporting the school movement.

FEMINIST / LGBTQ (16)

1. Collectif féministe 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Féministes en tous genres 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. GAGL45 Centre LGBT+ — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. GRIF - Groupe Radical Intersectionnel Féministe Orléans — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Lille Radiqueer — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Mouvement Français pour le Planning Familial 93 - MFPF 93 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Planning Familial du Loiret — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. #NousToutes France — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization.
9. Bordeaux Feminist Collages — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Football Club Paris Arc en Ciel — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. LABEL GOUINE — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Les dégos (formerly degommeuses) — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Nous Toutes 35 / Rennes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
14. NousToutes - #NousToutes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. NousToutes Paris 19/20 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. PROUD•E•S AUBER — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE (13)

1. Alternatiba Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Extinction Rebellion La Rochelle — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Extinction Rebellion Tours — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Greenpeace Le Mans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Réseau pour les Alternatives Forestières (Limousin) — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Soulèvements de la Terre Essonne 91 — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Soulèvements de la Terre IDF — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Soulèvements de la Terre Indre — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Alternatiba Rouen — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter.
10. Extinction Rebellion Île-de-France — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Les Soulèvements de la Terre — Earth Uprisings: A radical environmental movement that celebrated the student revolt and called for an antifascist uprising.
12. Soulèvements de la Terre Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
13. Uprisings of the Earth Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

PALESTINE SOLIDARITY (11)

1. AFPS Loiret — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Collectif Orléanais pour une paix juste et durable entre Palestiniens et Israéliens — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Secours Palestinien (Tours) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Sound of Sudan — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Urgence Palestine Orléans (UPO) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. ACT FOR PALESTINE — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AGIR POUR LA PALESTINE Collective — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif de Solidarité Palestine 37 — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization.
9. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
10. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
11. Urgence Palestine — Palestine Emergency: A French Palestine-solidarity organization whose protest-related social-media activity appears in the research, although direct organization of the October 17 demonstrations is not established.

OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST (100)

1. AFA Annemasse — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. AFA78 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Association des Ami.e.s de Maurice Rajsfus — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. OWL afa Dijon — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. ATTAC 45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Aux actes citoyens — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Cantine des Indigné·es Orléans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif immigrés du Montargois — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Collectif national pour une paix juste et durable — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Collectif Santé Est Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Contrevents (Côtes d’Armor) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Debout ! — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fondation Copernic — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. France-Cuba Association — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Génération.s — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. info gauchO — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. L’Après — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. La Digue — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. La Marche des Solidarités — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Le Boucan des paillettes (La Rochelle) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Le Renouveau Syndical — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Les ami.es de la conf’45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Les amis de la Commune de Paris — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Les Écologistes Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Les Voix Éclairées (Yonne) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. LHIAA — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
27. Loiret populaire — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Mémoires En Marche Marseille — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
29. MODEF — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Mouvement de la Paix — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
31. Mouvement pour une Alternative Non-violente — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
32. Oaï e Libertat (Nîmes) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
33. Observatoire de l’Extrême Droite 61 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
34. Observatoire National de l’Extrême-Droite (ONED) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
35. Orléans Solidaire et Écologique (OSE) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
36. OST Orléans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
37. Révolution Écologique pour le Vivant (REV) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
38. Ripostes.org — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
39. Solidarité antispéciste (Occitanie) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
40. TSEDEK ! Collectif juif décolonial — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
41. Youtubercule — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
42. 18th in struggle — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
43. Agro in struggle — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
44. Alternative Left Cooperative Network — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
45. ARAC - Republican Association of Veterans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
46. Asia France Solidarity (SAF) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
47. ASIAD Solidarity and Information Association for Access to Foreigners' Rights — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
48. Association of Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared-AFAPREDESA — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
49. Association pour la taxation des transactions financières et pour l’action citoyenne — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.
50. ATTAC France — Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and Citizen Action: An economic-justice organization that linked protest grievances with opposition to austerity and restrictions on civil liberties. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
51. Attac Paris center — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
52. Caen en Lutte — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Local protest collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
53. Cannabis Sans Frontieres — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
54. Cases Rebelles — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
55. Citizen square — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
56. Collective for the Defense of Young People of Mantois — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
57. Confédération française démocratique du travail Éducation Formation Recherche Publiques — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.
58. Confédération générale du travail (CGT) — General Confederation of Labour: One of France's major national labor confederations that supported the October school mobilizations and joined the Oct. 17 cost-of-living protests. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
59. Confédération générale du travail Éduc'action — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: CGT Éduc'action is the education-sector union of France's Confédération générale du travail.
60. Confédération générale du travail of the National Museum of Natural History — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
61. Confédération générale du travail volkswagen — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
62. Confédération nationale du travail (CNT) — National Confederation of Labour — ANARCHO-SYNDICALIST TRADITION: A revolutionary-syndicalist labor organization that endorsed the student movement, declaring that students were right to revolt.
63. Confédération nationale du travail 49 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
64. Confédération nationale du travail Education 93 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
65. Confédération nationale du travail Education Federation — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
66. Coordination nationale du mouvement du 26 septembre — September 26 Movement Coordination: A climate-mobilization network that encouraged participation in Oct. 17 protests and connected environmental concerns with household economic pressures. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
67. Counter-Attack — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
68. Elbow to Elbow — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
69. Emancipation Inter-union Tendency — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
70. Fanfare en lutte d'Angoulême — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Activist cultural collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
71. Fédération des conseils de parents d'élèves (FCPE) — Federation of Parents' Councils: A national parents' federation that called on members to demonstrate and announced participation by its national board in Paris.
72. Federation of Tunisian Citizens of Both Shores — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
73. Fédération syndicale unitaire (FSU) — Unitary Trade Union Federation: A major education and public-sector union federation that supported the school mobilization.
74. Fontenay-Diversité Collective — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
75. FRENCH ASSOCIATION — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
76. Indignons-nous, Bloquons tout — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Protest collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
77. Les Amoureux au ban public — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
78. Let's block everything IDF — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
79. Ligue des droits de l'Homme (LDH) — Human Rights League: A French civil-liberties organization that publicized support for students and criticism of police repression.
80. Ligue des droits de l'Homme - Evreux Ligue des droits de l'Homme section — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
81. Maintenant! — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic / protest movement It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
82. Maison des Peuples et de la Paix — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic / peace association It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
83. Marche des Solidarités — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
84. Neighborhood Assembly — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
85. Nous Tous Paris Nord — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
86. NousTous 93 anti-racist — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
87. Organisation de Solidarité Trans (OST) Angoulême — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Solidarity collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
88. Peuple RÉVOLTÉ — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Protest collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
89. Plural Women — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
90. Popular Riposte — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
91. Reach out — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
92. Riposte Populaire — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
93. Rosmerta — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
94. Solidarités Asia France — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
95. TadamunExile70 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
96. Tendre la Main — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
97. Théâtre 2 l'Acte — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
98. Tout-A-Toi (Langon) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.
99. Vietnam Dioxin Collective — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
100. Zora France — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.

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Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic resigned from the presidency in September and is running for prime minister in parliamentary elections considered to be one of the most competitive elections for Serbia in recent memory.

"I think this is certainly the biggest challenge for the former President in his 14-year rule," Helena Ivanov, associate fellow at the Henry Jackson Society, told Fox News Digital.

"The student protesters have been able to capture the hearts and minds of people and keep the momentum going in a way that the established opposition was never able to do," Ivanov added.

ANTI‑CORRUPTION PROTESTS HIT EUROPEAN NATION AS CALLS FOR NEW ELECTIONS GROW

Serbian Foreign Minister Marko Djuric told Fox News Digital that he believes the student opposition is highly unlikely to win.

"The people of Serbia have seen through them: years of criticism have not persuaded the public that they have a credible program or a serious plan for the country’s future," the foreign minister said.

Djuric touted Serbia’s economy under Vucic and the Strategic Dialogue with the U.S., which he said will foster greater cooperation and new opportunities for Serbs.

In an exclusive interview with Fox News Digital in June when he was still president, Vucic pointed to the country's economic growth as evidence of its transformation. "Our GDP was 32 billion (euros) when I became the prime minister," Vucic said. "This year it's going to be over 100 billion euros, which is $120 billion." Vucic first became prime minister in 2014 and president in 2017.

In that same interview, he said the improving relationship between Washington and Belgrade was increasingly centered on economics, investment and technological cooperation and mutual conservative values.

A bipartisan group of senators led by Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa., and Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., introduced the Supporting the Rule of Law, Building Institutional Justice, and Accountability Act (SRBIJA) to address democratic backsliding in Serbia, promote the rule of law and accountability and improve the treatment of student-led civic protests.

Most importantly, the legislation would condition future aid on a presidential certification that Serbia made "significant and sustained" efforts toward judicial accountability, press freedom and alignment with the EU and NATO.

The bipartisan group of lawmakers, which also included Rep. Joe Wilson, R-S.C., and Rep. William Keating, D-Mass., took aim at President Vucic and his time in power.

EXCLUSIVE: SERBIAN PRESIDENT VUČIĆ SAYS SUPPORT FOR US 'SURGED' UNDER TRUMP, INVITES HIM TO VISIT BELGRADE

There are growing concerns from Congress and observers that the election will take place in a hostile environment and efforts to discredit and undermine the election are already underway.

Others fear the current government might not respect the outcome of the election if the Student List were to win.

Vucic had served as president of Serbia since 2017 and previously as prime minister from 2014 to 2017, but was term limited under the constitution. His exit from the presidency created the opportunity for him to remain in power by returning as prime minister.

Vucic resigned from the presidency and dissolved parliament in September, setting the stage for the snap election on Oct. 25.

As president, analysts say he has always straddled the geopolitical line between East and West, seeking European legitimacy and launching EU accession talks in 2014 while also maintaining close ties with Russian President Vladimir Putin even after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Unlike previous elections, the student-led opposition garnered significant attention to their cause and mobilized popular support, becoming a legitimate political contender out of a spontaneous protest movement.

Serbia has been roiled by student-led anti-corruption protests since November 2024, demanding justice and accountability after the deaths of 16 people following the collapse of a railway station in the town of Novi Sad. One of the largest protests in Serbia’s history took place on March 15, 2025, with nearly 350,000 people gathered in Slavija Square in central Belgrade.

ZELENSKYY WARNS RUSSIA WANTS TO CAUSE 'EXPLOSION' IN THE BALKANS

The protesters criticized the Vucic government for failing to hold anyone accountable for the canopy disaster as the government continued its heavy-handed crackdown on demonstrators. None of the original demands of the protesters were met, so the students turned to electoral politics to enact change the Serbian political opposition was never able to achieve.

The Student List, as the opposition is known, consists of a wide swath of civil society actors, many of whom come from the ranks of academia, but does not include anyone from Serbia’s traditional opposition parties that struggled to challenge Vucic and his ruling Serbian Progressive Party in the past.

The group operates in a decentralized manner and does not have an official leader. Their main priorities are to tackle corruption and promote transparency and the rule of law.

Filip Ubović, a student from the University of Belgrade and protest participant on the ground in Belgrade, has spoken with Fox News Digital over the course of the year-long protests.

SERBIA, CAUGHT BETWEEN EUROPE AND RUSSIA, COULD MOVE ONE STEP CLOSER TO NORMALIZING RELATIONS WITH KOSOVO

Ubović said he joined the protests because he was fed up with the current state of his country. This was the first opportunity, Ubovic said, to do something tangible, instead of just complaining.

"People had enough for quite some time but decided to fully embrace us because we are ‘their kids’, we are young, we are not professional politicians, we do not have a single face representing us, and we are very professional and principled," Ubovic said.

Ivana Stradner of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies told Fox News Digital that corruption has held back democracy in the Balkans and progress for its people for a while.

"Corruption doesn’t just steal public money; it steals an entire generation’s future. Young people in Serbia and Albania are taking to the streets demanding accountability and a better future. The U.S. should pay attention, not out of charity, but strategic self-interest," Stradner said.

‘VOTERS GET TO CHOOSE — JUST NOT THE RESULT’: RUSSIA’S PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION REACHES OCCUPIED UKRAINE

The test will be whether the Student List can transition their popular mobilization in the streets into a viable political option that can win an election and govern a country that hasn’t undergone a political transition in over a decade.

It’s also unclear, if the Student List were to win, how they might reorient Serbia’s foreign policy and its relations with the U.S.

"So far, the students have been remarkably reluctant to define foreign policy goals that would depart from the current government’s course. For now, the most realistic expectation is continuity," Sinisa Vukovic, director of the Global Policy Program at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, told Fox News Digital.

Vuković said that Serbia’s foreign policy has remained mostly consistent dating back to Slobodan Milosevic, the former leader of Yugoslavia, and the Vucic government has left hot-button issues including the crisis over Kosovo and EU membership mostly unresolved.

While much might change in Serbia domestically, any resolution to the conflict with Kosovo or any substantial reorientation of foreign policy that shifts Serbia away from Russia and moves it much closer to the U.S. and EU remains unclear.

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"Another period of pseudo-hedging is likely, with Russia keeping a deep presence in the most vital sectors and dominating most of them," Vukovic added.

FIRST ON FOX: Some 50 radical Antifa cells in a wider network of nearly 300 groups are mobilizing to ensure this weekend's demonstrations in France devolve into chaos and mayhem, Fox News Digital has learned.

Self-described Antifa groups are working with a sprawling network of communist, socialist, far-left and anti-Israel groups to mobilize on two fronts this weekend: an "anti-fascist village" against conservative leader Marine Le Pen's National Rally in the city of Orléans and nationwide protests called Acte II to replicate last week's violent riots.

A Fox News Digital investigation has mapped 287 groups in France's expanding protest ecosystem, including 50 explicitly Antifa organizations, 27 explicitly communist, socialist, Trotskyist or revolutionary-left organizations, 24 labor unions and an expanding coalition of far-left anti-Israel, migrant-rights, environmental, feminist, transgender and other activist organizations. The demonstrations, which claim to be about youth education, include just 27 student and youth organizations.

CHAOS INC.: WHO'S WHO IN THE RED-GREEN ALLIANCE

The coordination comes amid a wider transnational campaign of mayhem organized by communist, socialist and leftist groups in Greece, Italy, Spain, India and elsewhere.

Fox News Digital has compiled a running who's who of organizations in what has been dubbed "Chaos Inc." and will keep updating the directory.

The size of the mobilization represents a huge expansion from the original 54 organizations identified in last weekend's riots. The number of Acte II actions has also increased to 649 planned protests, as of early Friday morning in Paris, including at 21 train stations, three ports, two oil depots and one refinery.

Scores of pages of planning documents and social media posts analyzed by Fox News Digital reveal that agitators have laid the groundwork for a coordinated campaign with money, logistics and a communications infrastructure behind their efforts.

The fundraising, transportation, youth outreach, ready-made materials and centralized information hub reveal an organized mobilization operation in place days before protesters even reach the streets with expected hammer-and-sickle and Palestinian flags.

A French administrative court reportedly overturned a ban on street protests issued by Paris police, although the order was not made public and it was unclear if it would have applied to other cities which have imposed similar orders.

Already, organizers have begun planning a next-stage Acte III on Oct. 31, a broader strike and blockade mobilization on Nov. 5 and a Europe-wide action on Nov. 20.

In France, the numbers include signatories to two streams: a Ciao Fachos, or "Good-bye Fascists," coalition that will descend on Orléans and the Acte II, or "Action 2," campaign, led by a group called the Yellow Vests that organized last week's mayhem. Organizations have signed onto a roster and list headed to Orléans.

"Macron must leave and make way for the people!" the Acte II organizers declared, calling "Yellow vests, high school students, university students, workers" into "demonstrations, roundabouts and blockades, everywhere in France."

FRANCE'S MACRON BLAMES PROTESTS ON 'ULTRA-LEFT GROUPS WHOSE AIM IS TO BRING DOWN THE REPUBLIC'

Last September, after the murder of conservative leader Charlie Kirk by an alleged leftist gunman, President Donald Trump issued an executive order that designated Antifa as a domestic terrorist organization. Soon after, Trump issued National Security Presidential Memorandum 7, targeting far-left groups. It said the "groups and entities that perpetuate this extremism have created a movement that embraces and elevates violence to achieve policy outcomes, including justifying additional assassinations."

Despite the clear global presence of groups with self-described names of Antifa, former FBI Director Christopher Wray told Congress in 2020 that Antifa was "not a group or an organization" but rather "a movement or an ideology."

In the U.S., while they will wave flags that say "ANTIFASCIST," far-left activists don't typically operate under one formal national organization called "Antifa," leading to denials that any "Antifa" organization exists.

In Europe, it's a different story. Activists openly organize under the Antifa name, "antifascist" banners and Antifa flags with emblems of their local chapters, and a Fox News Digital investigation has found a sprawling network mobilizing activists for another weekend of protests.

Last November, the State Department designated four European groups linked to Antifa — Antifa Ost in Germany; the International Revolutionary Front, or Informal Anarchist Federation, in Italy; and Armed Proletarian Justice and Revolutionary Class Self Defense in Greece — as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specifically Designated Global Terrorists, accusing them of organizing or carrying out bombings, shootings and other politically motivated attacks.

TRUMP CALLS ANTIFA ‘TERRORIST GROUP,’ FUELING FIGHT OVER FREE SPEECH AND LIMITS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

Worldwide, Antifa chapters have built their movement around a seemingly noble opposition to "fascism," but critics argue that they deploy tactics of threats, intimidation, harassment, violence, destruction and even murder that make them coercive, authoritarian, dangerous and deadly. What's more, parroting the propaganda language of Russia, China and the Islamic Republic of Iran, "fascism" has become a loaded catch-all phrase to describe Western democracies.

For example, late last year, Neville Roy Singham, an American-born communist tech tycoon living in China, took to the stage at the Golden Tulip Hotel in Shanghai for a "Global South" conference and critiqued the alleged "fascism" of the United States.

Days ago, Fox News Digital reported exclusively that an internal State Department assessment warns that antifascist groups could participate in a "potentially more confrontational protest" this weekend that could "expose further security shortcomings and deepen political tensions."

Now, the organizations themselves provide a look inside the infrastructure being assembled on the ground.

Free Buses to the "Antifascist Village"

On Friday night, a bus is set to leave Marseille at about 9 p.m. local time for Orléans, in a journey organized by "La Riposte Antifasciste Marseille

Two nonprofits linked to Marxist tech tycoon Neville Roy Singham have rejected a congressional ultimatum to turn over financial records, accusing lawmakers of using a foreign-influence investigation to target their political views and violate their First Amendment rights.

The People's Forum Inc., a New York City-based activist hub, and BreakThrough News, a far-left nonprofit media outlet, fired back in letters to Tuesday the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, which threatened to depose their leaders — and Singham personally — if the organizations failed to comply with earlier subpoenas for financial records.

The People's Forum blasted the latest congressional crackdown as a "MAGA-led witch hunt."

BreakThrough News and its supporters accuse the committee of targeting the outlet over its coverage of Israel and immigration enforcement, while lawmakers maintain the probe concerns the organizations' finances and structure.

HOUSE PANEL WARNS SINGHAM-LINKED NONPROFITS: COMPLY WITH SUBPOENAS OR FACE CONGRESS

The showdown comes as the Republican-led committee, headed by Chairman Jason Smith, R-Mo., investigates whether millions of dollars flowing through Singham's network of tax-exempt nonprofits are being used to advance Chinese Communist Party interests in the United States.

"This approach is tantamount to holding the staff of BreakThrough News hostage," attorneys for BreakThrough News wrote in their Oct. 20 response, accusing the committee of threatening seven newsroom employees with depositions unless the outlet abandons its constitutional objections.

The attorneys also challenged the committee's foreign influence allegations, pointing to its reference to Singham, who lives in Shanghai, alongside foreign principals.

"Mr. Singham is a U.S. citizen," the attorneys wrote.

The standoff raises the prospect of Singham being personally deposed by congressional investigators after the committee identified him among 21 potential witnesses, including nonprofit executives, activists and journalists associated with the two organizations and Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research, a Massachusetts-based Marxist think tank that has not publicly released a response to the latest demands.

The People's Forum similarly condemned the committee's latest demands in its Oct. 20 response, accusing lawmakers of using the threat of depositions against eight staff members as retaliation for asserting its First Amendment rights.

The committee did not immediately respond to Fox News Digital's request for comment.

WATCH: Subpoenaed pro-China media outlet blasts House Singham probe on "Democracy Now!"

SUBPOENAED PRO-CHINA OUTLET DEFENDS ITSELF ON DEMOCRACY NOW!, WHICH PAID SINGHAM-FOUNDED COMPANY MILLIONS

On their websites, BreakThrough News and The People's Forum also urged supporters to donate to help fund their legal defenses against the probe.

"This is an escalation of the same MAGA-led witch-hunt," The People's Forum wrote in an Oct. 21 statement beneath a black graphic declaring, "We won't surrender our First Amendment rights."

Both organizations also accused the committee of repeatedly changing its rationale and ignoring their legal objections but said they remained open to narrower requests.

The responses come as BreakThrough News has also been accused of sympathetically amplifying recent protests and unrest across Europe, including demonstrations in France that descended into violent riots, with protesters torching cars and clashing with police.

The Singham-funded outlet advertised an online discussion, "Europe's Youth Uprising," declaring that "a rebellion is sweeping Europe" and portraying the demonstrations as a youth uprising against rising living costs, austerity and military spending, according to a Fox News Digital report.

Press freedom groups announce support

Ten press freedom and civil liberties organizations, including PEN America, the Freedom of the Press Foundation and the Society of Professional Journalists, have also backed BreakThrough News, accusing the committee of targeting its political views and warning that forcing journalists to testify could threaten press freedom.

"Rep. Smith's shameless targeting of BreakThrough News for editorial viewpoints that he dislikes shows a complete disregard of the First Amendment," Seth Stern, chief of advocacy at the Freedom of the Press Foundation, said in a statement published by BreakThrough News.

In their Oct. 20 letter, the groups called on the committee to abandon its investigation into the outlet and refrain from issuing further subpoenas.

‘MCCARTHY TRIALS’: HASAN PIKER, FAR-LEFT FIGURES ERUPT OVER SUBPOENAS IN $39M SINGHAM PROBE

Singham network

The committee alleges that Singham routed money through shell companies and donor-advised funds, obscuring the original source of contributions to the three nonprofits. Singham, an American-born Marxist tech tycoon who now lives in Shanghai, sold his software company, ThoughtWorks, for an estimated $785 million in 2017.

A previous Fox News Digital investigation traced at least $278 million from Singham into six core U.S. nonprofits that served as funding hubs within a broader international network of activist groups, media organizations and think tanks promoting socialist, communist and pro-China causes.

Of that funding, $22.44 million flowed to The People's Forum, $16.76 million to Tricontinental and $1.098 million to BreakThrough BT Media Inc., the parent organization of BreakThrough News.

The three received approximately $40.3 million combined, according to Fox News Digital's investigation, which the committee cited in its earlier correspondence.

The committee said it is examining whether existing tax laws adequately protect against foreign influence in the nonprofit sector and whether Congress should strengthen those laws.

Committee's position

"Shanghai Singham has poured millions of dollars into these groups to take advantage of America's nonprofit sector and promote Chinese Communist Party propaganda. That much is public. What these groups are fighting to keep hidden is even more concerning," Smith said in an Oct. 13 statement.

"Either these organizations turn over the documents, or their leaders will answer the Committee's questions under oath."

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The committee has not publicly identified evidence showing the organizations are concealing information related to foreign influence. Fox News Digital sought an update from the committee following the Oct. 20 deadline but had not received a response as of publication.

READ THE OCT. 20 SUBPOENA RESPONSES