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Sven Beckert, historian: ‘Capitalism is not natural; in fact it is very strange’

29 September 2026 at 20:26
The historian Sven Beckert, on the terrace of Laie bookstore on September 22, 2026.

A merchant named Robert Keyne showed up crestfallen before the General Court of Massachusetts in Puritan Boston in 1639. His offense: trying to sell at the highest possible price and buy at the lowest possible price, putting his profits above the interests of the community. The judges showed no mercy: they fined him £200 for a practice they described as “extremely wicked and corrupt” and for having embraced “false principles.” Yet those are the same principles that now seem completely natural to us and structure our entire lives.

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The German-American historian surveys the history of capitalism in a 1,400-page book.

Lady Gaga, Lena Dunham and surrogacy: Why isn’t it causing a scandal in the United States?

29 September 2026 at 10:57

All three are well-known, globally recognized, and outstanding women in their fields. All three became mothers just days ago, almost simultaneously. All three had children without giving birth to them: one adopted, two used a surrogate. And all three, despite their different methods and the ways they told their stories, received the same warm congratulations. But are the three cases the same? In the United States, for a large majority, the answer is yes.

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Khloé Kardashian with her son, born via surrogacy, in a moment from the reality series 'The Kardashians,' in 2022.

© Getty Images

Lady Gaga (left) and Lena Dunham.
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