Fox News Digital's "Who's Who in Chaos Inc." is a living database mapping the organizations, local chapters, international networks and funders organizing or amplifying major protest movements.

The directory identifies each group's mission, ideology, organizational role and documented protest activity, distinguishing direct organizers and participants from supporters and amplifiers.

The database will be continuously updated and organized by country as new organizations, chapters, coalitions and connections emerge, providing a running picture of how local protest movements connect to broader national and transnational networks.

WHO'S WHO IN THE 287-GROUP FRANCE PROTEST ECOSYSTEM

ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST (50)

1. Action citoyenne antiraciste antifasciste Beaucaire — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
2. Action Antifasciste 16 / Action AntiFa16 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Action Antifasciste Amiens & Alentours — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Action Antifasciste Angevine (3A) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
5. Action antifasciste de l’Ain — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Action Antifasciste Deux-Sèvres — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AFA Dijon / Dijon Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. AFA39 - Jura Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. AG anti-fasciste 72 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
10. AG Antifasciste de Brest — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
11. Collectif antifasciste du 11ème — Antifascist Collective of the 11th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Collectif antifasciste du 20e — Antifascist Collective of the 20th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Comité antifasciste du 19e — Antifascist Committee of the 19th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Antifa Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Antifa Paris 20ème — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
16. Antifas Marseille 1er — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.
17. Antifasciste Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: It's participated in many anti-government protests.
18. Caen Antifa Squad — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Collectif Antifasciste Lorient et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Collectif Antifasciste de Lutte Montrouge et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Collectif Nîmois Antifasciste et Queer — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Collectif Antifasciste du Bassin Minier — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Collectif Antifasciste Orléans — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Collectif de Vigilance Antifasciste (CVA) 22 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Collectif féministe antifa 71 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Front Féministe Antiraciste Antifasciste Juif — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
27. Garde Antifasciste 53 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Groupe antifasciste Charvieu et environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
29. Gwened Antifa Crew (Vannes) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Kreiz Breizh Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
31. La Piraterie Antifasciste (Genève) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
32. Lutte antifasciste forezienne — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
33. Millevaches Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
34. Morlaix Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
35. Nissa Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
36. Orléans Riposte Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
37. Rafahl43 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
38. Réseau Antifasciste Var — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
39. Riposte Antifasciste Marseille — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
40. Riposte Antifasciste Nantaise — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
41. Rouen Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
42. Saint-Denis Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
43. Suresnes anti-fascist anti-racist — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
44. Tours AntiFasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
45. CRAAAME — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
46. No pasaran 84 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
47. AMAARS (Assemblée Morbihan (Est) Antifasciste Antiraciste Rurale et Solidaire) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
48. Choisyenne Anti-Fascist Solidarity — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
49. Ciao Fachos — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
50. Pays d'Auray Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.

STUDENT / YOUTH (27)

1. G.E.L 72 - Groupe Étudiant Libertaire Sarthe — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Jeunes Écologistes du Loiret — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Le Poing Levé Orléans — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Étudiant-e-s Montpellier — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Young Struggle — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. AFGES – Les étudiant·e·s d’Alsace — STUDENT / YOUTH: Historically called Association fédérative générale des étudiants de Strasbourg. Student federation in Alsace, centered in Strasbourg.
7. Communist Youth of Greece — COMMUNIST: A Greek communist youth organization that has publicly supported French students, connecting their education demands to opposition to military spending and government austerity. It has also supported communist protesters in Madrid, Spain, and Greece.
8. Coordination nationale lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: High-school coordination It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Étudiants Musulmans de France (EMF) — Muslim Students of France: A Muslim student association involved in student representation and campus solidarity whose social-media activity appears in the protest research; its exact Oct. 17 role remains unconfirmed.
10. Fédération des associations générales étudiantes (FAGE) — Federation of General Student Associations: A national student federation that joined calls for student mobilization against the "extremely violent repression" of youth. It shared footage of its members marching on Oct. 17, with the hashtags #manifestation #genz #17octobre.
11. Fédération Syndicale Étudiante (FSE) — Student Trade Union Federation: A left-wing student organization whose activists appeared in demonstrations and announced "Democratic and Antifascist Vigilance Committees," linking high-school grievances to the treatment of anti-Israel activists and union members. On Saturday, it posted videos with its trademark solid red flags. One message read: "In Bordeaux, protesters invade the house of the mayor! On October 17, the whole country is on a standstill. Everyone is mobilizing for better living conditions, and against cutting the budget for public service! In Bordeaux, we hear echoing in the protest: Only one solution, the Revolution! The mobilization of the 17 continues: let's block everywhere in France!" Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
12. Jeunesse du Monde — COMMUNIST PUBLICATION: A communist publication associated with the Organisation Communiste de France; separate organizational participation in the October 17 protests has not been established.
13. La Jeunesse Communists — COMMUNIST: A group coordinating communist youth activism visible in the French demonstrations, including hammer-and-sickle flags and banners calling for "Class War!"
14. La Relève Lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Le Poing Levé — The Raised Fist — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A revolutionary student and youth organization associated with Révolution Permanente that works to connect high-school and university protests.
16. Les Lycéens! — The High School Students!: A high-school student organization active in the early school blockades.
17. Rassemblement pour l'égalité et la démocratie Jeunes — Youth for Equality and Democracy: A youth civic and political organization associated with organizing support for students in Seine-Saint-Denis; its specific Oct. 17 role has not been independently established.
18. Renouveau lycéen — High School Renewal: A high-school student organization identified in coverage of the October school mobilization.
19. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Solidaires Students: A left-wing student union that supported the high-school movement and helped connect university students with the October demonstrations.
20. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Student Solidarity — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Solidarité Étudiante 14 — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student organization It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Student Solidarity.es Nancy — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Student Union Federation — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization.
24. Union de la Jeunesse Communiste (UJC) — Communist Youth Union — COMMUNIST: A French communist youth organization that called on supporters to join and amplify the student struggle.
25. Union Étudiante — Student Union: A national university student union that helped mobilize students for the Oct. 6 demonstrations and encouraged participation in the broader movement.
26. Union nationale des étudiants de France (UNEF) — National Union of Students of France: One of France's established student unions, it was among the organizers of the Oct. 6 nationwide demonstrations.
27. Union syndicale lycéenne (USL) — High School Students' Union: A French high-school student union that helped organize the initial school blockades and October demonstrations before publicly supporting students joining the Oct. 17 Yellow Vest mobilization.

COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST (27)

1. Gauche Républicaine et Socialiste (GRS) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. La France Insoumise (LFI) 18 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. NPA-A Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Parti Communiste Français Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Parti Socialiste Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Union pour la Reconstruction Communiste (URC) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Unité Rouge (07-26-38) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. BreakThrough News — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A New York-based outlet that reported on French student demonstrations and previewed their participation in the October 17 cost-of-living mobilization.
9. Extinction Rebellion — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
10. Fasci-Milé (PACA / Vaucluse) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
11. Indian Alliance Paris — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A France-based Indian diaspora organization that connected French and Indian youth protests through its social-media messaging. It has partnered with the SIngham network's People's Forum for an event.
12. International Communist League — TROTSKYIST: An international communist organization whose French publication Le Bolchévik called on labor unions to mobilize in support of the school protests.
13. Organisation communiste révolutionnaire — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A communist organization identified in the wider research whose precise legal identity and direct October protest activities require additional verification.
14. La France insoumise (LFI) — France Unbowed — LEFT-POPULIST / SOCIALIST: A political movement whose elected officials supported student blockades, including lawmaker Louis Boyard, who waved a Palestinian flag alongside students at Paris-Est-Créteil University.
15. Marseille Unite Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
16. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA Charente (NPA 16) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Political party — local chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA L'Anticapitaliste Nancy 54 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste – L’Anticapitaliste — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It i supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Parti communiste français (PCF) — French Communist Party — COMMUNIST: Party leader Fabien Roussel publicly supported student demonstrators in Paris alongside communist elected officials and activists as demonstrators carried party flags.
20. Parti de l'égalité socialiste — Socialist Equality Party — TROTSKYIST: A French socialist organization that called for workers' action committees and broader mobilization in support of the student movement.
21. Parti des Indigènes de la République (PIR) — Party of the Indigenous of the Republic — DECOLONIAL POLITICAL MOVEMENT: A political organization that defended the student revolt and circulated imagery of protesters outside Lycée Paul Éluard holding a Palestinian flag.
22. Révolution Permanente — Permanent Revolution — TROTSKYIST: A revolutionary socialist organization and publication that reported on university blockades and encouraged solidarity between high-school and university students.
23. Révolution Permanente Angoulême — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Local political/media chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Revolutionary Communist Group — COMMUNIST: A British revolutionary communist organization that published an article connecting the French student revolt to opposition to capitalism, imperialism and support for Palestine.
25. Union Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Union Communiste Libertaire (UCL) France — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anti-capitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
27. World Socialist Web Site — TROTSKYIST MEDIA: An international socialist publication that covered the French school blockades and placed them within a broader argument about austerity, militarization and capitalism.

LABOR UNION (24)

1. CGT Eure-et-Loir — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Comité Droits et Libertés Solidarité 77 Sud — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Femmes solidaires du Montargois — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Laval — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. SUD éducation 33 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. SUD éducation 36-37 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. SUD éducation 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. SUD éducation 85 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Union syndicale Solidaires 61 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Union syndicale Solidaires 87 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Confédération générale du travail ArianeGroup Issac union - CGT ArianeGroup Issac union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Confédération paysanne — Peasant Confederation: A farmers' union that called on agricultural workers to join Oct. 17 protests, linking rural economic grievances with the national mobilization.
13. FNEC FP-FO — National Federation of Education, Culture and Vocational Training–Workers' Force: Force Ouvrière's education federation, which joined calls supporting high-school demonstrations.
14. Force Ouvrière (FO) — Workers' Force: A national labor confederation whose education affiliates joined calls supporting high-school students.
15. Solidaires 35 departmental union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Solidaires 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. SUD éducation — SUD Education: A left-wing education union that joined mobilization calls involving students and education workers.
18. SUD PTT 45 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization.
19. SUD social protection 93 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Syndicat National de l'Enseignement Technique Agricole Public - Fédération syndicale unitaire — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Syndicat national des enseignements de second degré (SNES-FSU) — National Union of Secondary Education: A major secondary-school personnel union that supported strikes and demonstrations in solidarity with students.
22. Syndicat National des Techniciens de la Production Cinématographique et de Télévision - National Union of Cinematographic and Television Production Technicians — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (UNSA) — National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions: A national trade-union federation whose education organizations supported the school movement.
24. Union syndicale Solidaires — Solidaires Trade Union: A left-wing labor federation whose regional branches promoted Oct. 17 demonstrations and strikes after earlier student solidarity mobilizations. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.

MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST (19)

1. Amnesty International Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. ASTI Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l’amitié entre les peuples 66 - MRAP 66 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Observatoire du racisme en politique (Paris) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. All Refugees — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Amnesty International France: The French section of Amnesty International that reported on police treatment of minors during the school protests.
7. Association Marocaine des Droits Humains PARIS IDF - AMDH PARIS IDF (Moroccan Association of Human Rights) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Association of Maghreb Workers of France — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Citizens' Assembly of Originals of Turkey (The) - L'ACORT — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Coordination Sans-Papiers 75 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Euro-Maghreb Citizenship and Culture Network (REMCC) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Fédération des Associations de Solidarité avec Tou·te·s les Immigré·e·s — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fédération Droit Au Logement — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Fondation Frantz Fanon — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Handi-Social — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP) — Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples: An antiracism organization identified in earlier coalition activity around the student demonstrations.
17. Pan-Asian Generation - Génération panasiatique — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Rights Ahead!! — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. SOS Racisme — SOS Racism: A French antiracism organization included in coalition activity supporting the school movement.

FEMINIST / LGBTQ (16)

1. Collectif féministe 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Féministes en tous genres 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. GAGL45 Centre LGBT+ — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. GRIF - Groupe Radical Intersectionnel Féministe Orléans — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Lille Radiqueer — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Mouvement Français pour le Planning Familial 93 - MFPF 93 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Planning Familial du Loiret — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. #NousToutes France — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization.
9. Bordeaux Feminist Collages — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Football Club Paris Arc en Ciel — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. LABEL GOUINE — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Les dégos (formerly degommeuses) — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Nous Toutes 35 / Rennes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
14. NousToutes - #NousToutes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. NousToutes Paris 19/20 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. PROUD•E•S AUBER — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE (13)

1. Alternatiba Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Extinction Rebellion La Rochelle — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Extinction Rebellion Tours — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Greenpeace Le Mans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Réseau pour les Alternatives Forestières (Limousin) — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Soulèvements de la Terre Essonne 91 — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Soulèvements de la Terre IDF — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Soulèvements de la Terre Indre — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Alternatiba Rouen — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter.
10. Extinction Rebellion Île-de-France — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Les Soulèvements de la Terre — Earth Uprisings: A radical environmental movement that celebrated the student revolt and called for an antifascist uprising.
12. Soulèvements de la Terre Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
13. Uprisings of the Earth Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

PALESTINE SOLIDARITY (11)

1. AFPS Loiret — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Collectif Orléanais pour une paix juste et durable entre Palestiniens et Israéliens — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Secours Palestinien (Tours) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Sound of Sudan — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Urgence Palestine Orléans (UPO) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. ACT FOR PALESTINE — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AGIR POUR LA PALESTINE Collective — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif de Solidarité Palestine 37 — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization.
9. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
10. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
11. Urgence Palestine — Palestine Emergency: A French Palestine-solidarity organization whose protest-related social-media activity appears in the research, although direct organization of the October 17 demonstrations is not established.

OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST (100)

1. AFA Annemasse — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. AFA78 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Association des Ami.e.s de Maurice Rajsfus — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. OWL afa Dijon — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. ATTAC 45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Aux actes citoyens — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Cantine des Indigné·es Orléans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif immigrés du Montargois — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Collectif national pour une paix juste et durable — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Collectif Santé Est Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Contrevents (Côtes d’Armor) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Debout ! — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fondation Copernic — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. France-Cuba Association — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Génération.s — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. info gauchO — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. L’Après — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. La Digue — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. La Marche des Solidarités — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Le Boucan des paillettes (La Rochelle) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Le Renouveau Syndical — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Les ami.es de la conf’45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Les amis de la Commune de Paris — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Les Écologistes Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Les Voix Éclairées (Yonne) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. LHIAA — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
27. Loiret populaire — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Mémoires En Marche Marseille — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
29. MODEF — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Mouvement de la Paix — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is

Fox News Digital's "Who's Who in Chaos Inc." is a living database mapping the organizations, local chapters, international networks and funders organizing or amplifying major protest movements.

The directory identifies each group's mission, ideology, organizational role and documented protest activity, distinguishing direct organizers and participants from supporters and amplifiers.

The database will be continuously updated and organized by country as new organizations, chapters, coalitions and connections emerge, providing a running picture of how local protest movements connect to broader national and transnational networks.

WHO'S WHO IN THE 287-GROUP FRANCE PROTEST ECOSYSTEM

ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST (50)

1. Action citoyenne antiraciste antifasciste Beaucaire — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
2. Action Antifasciste 16 / Action AntiFa16 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Action Antifasciste Amiens & Alentours — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Action Antifasciste Angevine (3A) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
5. Action antifasciste de l’Ain — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Action Antifasciste Deux-Sèvres — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AFA Dijon / Dijon Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. AFA39 - Jura Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. AG anti-fasciste 72 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
10. AG Antifasciste de Brest — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
11. Collectif antifasciste du 11ème — Antifascist Collective of the 11th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Collectif antifasciste du 20e — Antifascist Collective of the 20th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Comité antifasciste du 19e — Antifascist Committee of the 19th — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Antifa Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Antifa Paris 20ème — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
16. Antifas Marseille 1er — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.
17. Antifasciste Paris 20e — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: It's participated in many anti-government protests.
18. Caen Antifa Squad — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Antifascist collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Collectif Antifasciste Lorient et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Collectif Antifasciste de Lutte Montrouge et Environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Collectif Nîmois Antifasciste et Queer — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Collectif Antifasciste du Bassin Minier — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Collectif Antifasciste Orléans — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Collectif de Vigilance Antifasciste (CVA) 22 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Collectif féministe antifa 71 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Front Féministe Antiraciste Antifasciste Juif — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
27. Garde Antifasciste 53 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Groupe antifasciste Charvieu et environs — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
29. Gwened Antifa Crew (Vannes) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Kreiz Breizh Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
31. La Piraterie Antifasciste (Genève) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
32. Lutte antifasciste forezienne — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
33. Millevaches Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited.
34. Morlaix Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
35. Nissa Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
36. Orléans Riposte Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
37. Rafahl43 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
38. Réseau Antifasciste Var — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.
39. Riposte Antifasciste Marseille — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
40. Riposte Antifasciste Nantaise — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
41. Rouen Antifasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
42. Saint-Denis Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
43. Suresnes anti-fascist anti-racist — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
44. Tours AntiFasciste — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
45. CRAAAME — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
46. No pasaran 84 — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
47. AMAARS (Assemblée Morbihan (Est) Antifasciste Antiraciste Rurale et Solidaire) — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization where cited. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
48. Choisyenne Anti-Fascist Solidarity — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
49. Ciao Fachos — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
50. Pays d'Auray Antifa — ANTIFA / ANTIFASCIST: Local or regional antifascist/Antifa organization or collective; current evidence links it to the Oct. 24-25 Orléans antifascist mobilization.

STUDENT / YOUTH (27)

1. G.E.L 72 - Groupe Étudiant Libertaire Sarthe — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Jeunes Écologistes du Loiret — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Le Poing Levé Orléans — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Étudiant-e-s Montpellier — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Young Struggle — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. AFGES – Les étudiant·e·s d’Alsace — STUDENT / YOUTH: Historically called Association fédérative générale des étudiants de Strasbourg. Student federation in Alsace, centered in Strasbourg.
7. Communist Youth of Greece — COMMUNIST: A Greek communist youth organization that has publicly supported French students, connecting their education demands to opposition to military spending and government austerity. It has also supported communist protesters in Madrid, Spain, and Greece.
8. Coordination nationale lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: High-school coordination It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Étudiants Musulmans de France (EMF) — Muslim Students of France: A Muslim student association involved in student representation and campus solidarity whose social-media activity appears in the protest research; its exact Oct. 17 role remains unconfirmed.
10. Fédération des associations générales étudiantes (FAGE) — Federation of General Student Associations: A national student federation that joined calls for student mobilization against the "extremely violent repression" of youth. It shared footage of its members marching on Oct. 17, with the hashtags #manifestation #genz #17octobre.
11. Fédération Syndicale Étudiante (FSE) — Student Trade Union Federation: A left-wing student organization whose activists appeared in demonstrations and announced "Democratic and Antifascist Vigilance Committees," linking high-school grievances to the treatment of anti-Israel activists and union members. On Saturday, it posted videos with its trademark solid red flags. One message read: "In Bordeaux, protesters invade the house of the mayor! On October 17, the whole country is on a standstill. Everyone is mobilizing for better living conditions, and against cutting the budget for public service! In Bordeaux, we hear echoing in the protest: Only one solution, the Revolution! The mobilization of the 17 continues: let's block everywhere in France!" It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
12. Jeunesse du Monde — COMMUNIST PUBLICATION: A communist publication associated with the Organisation Communiste de France; separate organizational participation in the October 17 protests has not been established.
13. La Jeunesse Communists — COMMUNIST: A group coordinating communist youth activism visible in the French demonstrations, including hammer-and-sickle flags and banners calling for "Class War!"
14. La Relève Lycéenne — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Le Poing Levé — The Raised Fist — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A revolutionary student and youth organization associated with Révolution Permanente that works to connect high-school and university protests.
16. Les Lycéens! — The High School Students!: A high-school student organization active in the early school blockades.
17. Rassemblement pour l'égalité et la démocratie Jeunes — Youth for Equality and Democracy: A youth civic and political organization associated with organizing support for students in Seine-Saint-Denis; its specific Oct. 17 role has not been independently established.
18. Renouveau lycéen — High School Renewal: A high-school student organization identified in coverage of the October school mobilization.
19. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Solidaires Students: A left-wing student union that supported the high-school movement and helped connect university students with the October demonstrations.
20. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Student Solidarity — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Solidarité Étudiante 14 — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student organization It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Student Solidarity.es Nancy — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Student Union Federation — STUDENT / YOUTH: Student or youth organization involved in education, youth representation or protest mobilization.
24. Union de la Jeunesse Communiste (UJC) — Communist Youth Union — COMMUNIST: A French communist youth organization that called on supporters to join and amplify the student struggle.
25. Union Étudiante — Student Union: A national university student union that helped mobilize students for the Oct. 6 demonstrations and encouraged participation in the broader movement.
26. Union nationale des étudiants de France (UNEF) — National Union of Students of France: One of France's established student unions, it was among the organizers of the Oct. 6 nationwide demonstrations.
27. Union syndicale lycéenne (USL) — High School Students' Union: A French high-school student union that helped organize the initial school blockades and October demonstrations before publicly supporting students joining the Oct. 17 Yellow Vest mobilization.

COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST (27)

1. Gauche Républicaine et Socialiste (GRS) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. La France Insoumise (LFI) 18 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. NPA-A Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Parti Communiste Français Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Parti Socialiste Loiret — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Union pour la Reconstruction Communiste (URC) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Unité Rouge (07-26-38) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. BreakThrough News — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A New York-based outlet that reported on French student demonstrations and previewed their participation in the October 17 cost-of-living mobilization.
9. Extinction Rebellion — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call.
10. Fasci-Milé (PACA / Vaucluse) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
11. Indian Alliance Paris — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A France-based Indian diaspora organization that connected French and Indian youth protests through its social-media messaging. It has partnered with the SIngham network's People's Forum for an event.
12. International Communist League — TROTSKYIST: An international communist organization whose French publication Le Bolchévik called on labor unions to mobilize in support of the school protests.
13. Organisation communiste révolutionnaire — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A communist organization identified in the wider research whose precise legal identity and direct October protest activities require additional verification.
14. La France insoumise (LFI) — France Unbowed — LEFT-POPULIST / SOCIALIST: A political movement whose elected officials supported student blockades, including lawmaker Louis Boyard, who waved a Palestinian flag alongside students at Paris-Est-Créteil University.
15. Marseille Unite Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter.
16. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA Charente (NPA 16) — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Political party — local chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste - NPA L'Anticapitaliste Nancy 54 — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste – L’Anticapitaliste — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. Parti communiste français (PCF) — French Communist Party — COMMUNIST: Party leader Fabien Roussel publicly supported student demonstrators in Paris alongside communist elected officials and activists as demonstrators carried party flags.
20. Parti de l'égalité socialiste — Socialist Equality Party — TROTSKYIST: A French socialist organization that called for workers' action committees and broader mobilization in support of the student movement.
21. Parti des Indigènes de la République (PIR) — Party of the Indigenous of the Republic — DECOLONIAL POLITICAL MOVEMENT: A political organization that defended the student revolt and circulated imagery of protesters outside Lycée Paul Éluard holding a Palestinian flag.
22. Révolution Permanente — Permanent Revolution — TROTSKYIST: A revolutionary socialist organization and publication that reported on university blockades and encouraged solidarity between high-school and university students.
23. Révolution Permanente Angoulême — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Local political/media chapter It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Revolutionary Communist Group — COMMUNIST: A British revolutionary communist organization that published an article connecting the French student revolt to opposition to capitalism, imperialism and support for Palestine.
25. Union Communiste Libertaire — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. Union Communiste Libertaire (UCL) France — COMMUNIST / SOCIALIST / TROTSKYIST: Communist, socialist, Trotskyist, anticapitalist or revolutionary-left organization or chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
27. World Socialist Web Site — TROTSKYIST MEDIA: An international socialist publication that covered the French school blockades and placed them within a broader argument about austerity, militarization and capitalism.

LABOR UNION (24)

1. CGT Eure-et-Loir — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Comité Droits et Libertés Solidarité 77 Sud — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Femmes solidaires du Montargois — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Solidaires Laval — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. SUD éducation 33 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. SUD éducation 36-37 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. SUD éducation 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. SUD éducation 85 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Union syndicale Solidaires 61 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Union syndicale Solidaires 87 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Confédération générale du travail ArianeGroup Issac union - CGT ArianeGroup Issac union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Confédération paysanne — Peasant Confederation: A farmers' union that called on agricultural workers to join Oct. 17 protests, linking rural economic grievances with the national mobilization.
13. FNEC FP-FO — National Federation of Education, Culture and Vocational Training–Workers' Force: Force Ouvrière's education federation, which joined calls supporting high-school demonstrations.
14. Force Ouvrière (FO) — Workers' Force: A national labor confederation whose education affiliates joined calls supporting high-school students.
15. Solidaires 35 departmental union — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Solidaires 44 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. SUD éducation — SUD Education: A left-wing education union that joined mobilization calls involving students and education workers.
18. SUD PTT 45 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization.
19. SUD social protection 93 — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Syndicat National de l'Enseignement Technique Agricole Public - Fédération syndicale unitaire — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Syndicat national des enseignements de second degré (SNES-FSU) — National Union of Secondary Education: A major secondary-school personnel union that supported strikes and demonstrations in solidarity with students.
22. Syndicat National des Techniciens de la Production Cinématographique et de Télévision - National Union of Cinematographic and Television Production Technicians — LABOR UNION: Labor union, sectoral union or local union branch involved in worker representation and mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (UNSA) — National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions: A national trade-union federation whose education organizations supported the school movement.
24. Union syndicale Solidaires — Solidaires Trade Union: A left-wing labor federation whose regional branches promoted Oct. 17 demonstrations and strikes after earlier student solidarity mobilizations. It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.

MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST (19)

1. Amnesty International Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. ASTI Orléans — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l’amitié entre les peuples 66 - MRAP 66 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Observatoire du racisme en politique (Paris) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. All Refugees — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Amnesty International France: The French section of Amnesty International that reported on police treatment of minors during the school protests.
7. Association Marocaine des Droits Humains PARIS IDF - AMDH PARIS IDF (Moroccan Association of Human Rights) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Association of Maghreb Workers of France — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Citizens' Assembly of Originals of Turkey (The) - L'ACORT — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Coordination Sans-Papiers 75 — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Euro-Maghreb Citizenship and Culture Network (REMCC) — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Fédération des Associations de Solidarité avec Tou·te·s les Immigré·e·s — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fédération Droit Au Logement — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. Fondation Frantz Fanon — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Handi-Social — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP) — Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples: An antiracism organization identified in earlier coalition activity around the student demonstrations.
17. Pan-Asian Generation - Génération panasiatique — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. Rights Ahead!! — MIGRANT / HUMAN RIGHTS / ANTIRACIST: Migrant-rights, refugee-support, human-rights or antiracist organization. It is supporting the Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. SOS Racisme — SOS Racism: A French antiracism organization included in coalition activity supporting the school movement.

FEMINIST / LGBTQ (16)

1. Collectif féministe 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Féministes en tous genres 45 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. GAGL45 Centre LGBT+ — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. GRIF - Groupe Radical Intersectionnel Féministe Orléans — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Lille Radiqueer — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Mouvement Français pour le Planning Familial 93 - MFPF 93 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Planning Familial du Loiret — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. #NousToutes France — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization.
9. Bordeaux Feminist Collages — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Football Club Paris Arc en Ciel — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. LABEL GOUINE — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Les dégos (formerly degommeuses) — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Nous Toutes 35 / Rennes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
14. NousToutes - #NousToutes — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. NousToutes Paris 19/20 — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. PROUD•E•S AUBER — FEMINIST / LGBTQ: Feminist, women’s-rights, LGBTQ or queer activist organization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE (13)

1. Alternatiba Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Extinction Rebellion La Rochelle — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Extinction Rebellion Tours — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Greenpeace Le Mans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Réseau pour les Alternatives Forestières (Limousin) — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Soulèvements de la Terre Essonne 91 — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Soulèvements de la Terre IDF — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Soulèvements de la Terre Indre — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Alternatiba Rouen — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter.
10. Extinction Rebellion Île-de-France — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Les Soulèvements de la Terre — Earth Uprisings: A radical environmental movement that celebrated the student revolt and called for an antifascist uprising.
12. Soulèvements de la Terre Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. Its documented role in the October protest wave is: Supporting / signatory — listed on the Ciao Fachos Oct. 24-25 Orléans national antifascist mobilization call..
13. Uprisings of the Earth Orléans — ENVIRONMENTAL / CLIMATE: Environmental, climate or ecological activist organization or local chapter. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.

PALESTINE SOLIDARITY (11)

1. AFPS Loiret — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. Collectif Orléanais pour une paix juste et durable entre Palestiniens et Israéliens — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Secours Palestinien (Tours) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. Sound of Sudan — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. Urgence Palestine Orléans (UPO) — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. ACT FOR PALESTINE — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. AGIR POUR LA PALESTINE Collective — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif de Solidarité Palestine 37 — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: Palestine-solidarity organization or local chapter active in advocacy and protest mobilization.
9. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
10. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
11. Urgence Palestine — Palestine Emergency: A French Palestine-solidarity organization whose protest-related social-media activity appears in the research, although direct organization of the October 17 demonstrations is not established.

OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST (100)

1. AFA Annemasse — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
2. AFA78 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
3. Association des Ami.e.s de Maurice Rajsfus — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
4. OWL afa Dijon — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
5. ATTAC 45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
6. Aux actes citoyens — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
7. Cantine des Indigné·es Orléans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
8. Collectif immigrés du Montargois — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
9. Collectif national pour une paix juste et durable — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
10. Collectif Santé Est Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
11. Contrevents (Côtes d’Armor) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
12. Debout ! — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
13. Fondation Copernic — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
14. France-Cuba Association — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
15. Génération.s — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
16. info gauchO — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
17. L’Après — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
18. La Digue — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
19. La Marche des Solidarités — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
20. Le Boucan des paillettes (La Rochelle) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
21. Le Renouveau Syndical — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
22. Les ami.es de la conf’45 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
23. Les amis de la Commune de Paris — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
24. Les Écologistes Loiret — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
25. Les Voix Éclairées (Yonne) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
26. LHIAA — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
27. Loiret populaire — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
28. Mémoires En Marche Marseille — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
29. MODEF — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
30. Mouvement de la Paix — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
31. Mouvement pour une Alternative Non-violente — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
32. Oaï e Libertat (Nîmes) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
33. Observatoire de l’Extrême Droite 61 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
34. Observatoire National de l’Extrême-Droite (ONED) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
35. Orléans Solidaire et Écologique (OSE) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
36. OST Orléans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
37. Révolution Écologique pour le Vivant (REV) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
38. Ripostes.org — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
39. Solidarité antispéciste (Occitanie) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
40. TSEDEK ! Collectif juif décolonial — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
41. Youtubercule — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
42. 18th in struggle — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
43. Agro in struggle — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
44. Alternative Left Cooperative Network — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
45. ARAC - Republican Association of Veterans — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
46. Asia France Solidarity (SAF) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
47. ASIAD Solidarity and Information Association for Access to Foreigners' Rights — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
48. Association of Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared-AFAPREDESA — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
49. Association pour la taxation des transactions financières et pour l’action citoyenne — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.
50. ATTAC France — Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and Citizen Action: An economic-justice organization that linked protest grievances with opposition to austerity and restrictions on civil liberties. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
51. Attac Paris center — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
52. Caen en Lutte — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Local protest collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
53. Cannabis Sans Frontieres — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
54. Cases Rebelles — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
55. Citizen square — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
56. Collective for the Defense of Young People of Mantois — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
57. Confédération française démocratique du travail Éducation Formation Recherche Publiques — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.
58. Confédération générale du travail (CGT) — General Confederation of Labour: One of France's major national labor confederations that supported the October school mobilizations and joined the Oct. 17 cost-of-living protests. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
59. Confédération générale du travail Éduc'action — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: CGT Éduc'action is the education-sector union of France's Confédération générale du travail.
60. Confédération générale du travail of the National Museum of Natural History — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
61. Confédération générale du travail volkswagen — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
62. Confédération nationale du travail (CNT) — National Confederation of Labour — ANARCHO-SYNDICALIST TRADITION: A revolutionary-syndicalist labor organization that endorsed the student movement, declaring that students were right to revolt.
63. Confédération nationale du travail 49 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
64. Confédération nationale du travail Education 93 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
65. Confédération nationale du travail Education Federation — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
66. Coordination nationale du mouvement du 26 septembre — September 26 Movement Coordination: A climate-mobilization network that encouraged participation in Oct. 17 protests and connected environmental concerns with household economic pressures. Current update: It is listed in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization evidence.
67. Counter-Attack — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
68. Elbow to Elbow — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
69. Emancipation Inter-union Tendency — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
70. Fanfare en lutte d'Angoulême — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Activist cultural collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
71. Fédération des conseils de parents d'élèves (FCPE) — Federation of Parents' Councils: A national parents' federation that called on members to demonstrate and announced participation by its national board in Paris.
72. Federation of Tunisian Citizens of Both Shores — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
73. Fédération syndicale unitaire (FSU) — Unitary Trade Union Federation: A major education and public-sector union federation that supported the school mobilization.
74. Fontenay-Diversité Collective — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
75. FRENCH ASSOCIATION — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
76. Indignons-nous, Bloquons tout — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Protest collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
77. Les Amoureux au ban public — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
78. Let's block everything IDF — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
79. Ligue des droits de l'Homme (LDH) — Human Rights League: A French civil-liberties organization that publicized support for students and criticism of police repression.
80. Ligue des droits de l'Homme - Evreux Ligue des droits de l'Homme section — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
81. Maintenant! — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic / protest movement It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
82. Maison des Peuples et de la Paix — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic / peace association It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
83. Marche des Solidarités — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
84. Neighborhood Assembly — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
85. Nous Tous Paris Nord — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
86. NousTous 93 anti-racist — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
87. Organisation de Solidarité Trans (OST) Angoulême — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Solidarity collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
88. Peuple RÉVOLTÉ — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Protest collective It is participating in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
89. Plural Women — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
90. Popular Riposte — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
91. Reach out — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
92. Riposte Populaire — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
93. Rosmerta — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
94. Solidarités Asia France — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
95. TadamunExile70 — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
96. Tendre la Main — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
97. Théâtre 2 l'Acte — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
98. Tout-A-Toi (Langon) — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.
99. Vietnam Dioxin Collective — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem. It is supporting in the documented Oct. 24–25 mobilization.
100. Zora France — OTHER CIVIC / ACTIVIST: Civic, solidarity or activist organization appearing in the protest ecosystem.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

The State Department told Fox News Digital that President Donald Trump's views on France are "spot on" after French President Emmanuel Macron criticized foreign leaders for making "unacceptable and stupid comments" about the protests rocking the European country.

Speaking at a midterms rally on Monday, Trump said that "the migrants have taken over France" and that the country should close its borders following a weekend of anti-government demonstrations that evolved into rioting and looting. He added that France, a "once great nation," is "being conquered, looted and burned to the ground by migrants, jihadists and communists who hate Christianity" and "the Western civilization itself."

Macron then claimed Wednesday that "there was foreign manipulation of information" following the protests, including AI-generated images that showed scenes that never happened in France, which gave way to "unacceptable and stupid comments from many people including foreign leaders." Macron said he was referring to Trump, "among others," and also mentioned, "We’ve had people claiming that we were invaded by hordes of migrants and Islamists, which is completely false," The Associated Press reported.

When asked for a reaction to Macron's remarks, State Department spokesperson Tommy Pigott told Fox News Digital that Trump "is on point as he is consistently on point."

"He has been clear about the dangers of mass migration for years, especially since the beginning of this administration, but certainly long beforehand as well. The president has secured the border on day one when it comes to the United States of America," Pigott said. "But we've also been clear from the State Department's perspective that we are going to oppose international institutions, for example, that seek to impose an agenda upon sovereign nations to encourage mass migration.

FRANCE'S MACRON BLAMES PROTESTS ON 'ULTRA-LEFT GROUPS WHOSE AIM IS TO BRING DOWN THE REPUBLIC'

"Mass migration is inherently destabilizing. It is inherently destabilizing. It is something that we don't believe solves problems, but actually creates problems. And this is something the president has raised time and time again. He's raised it in reaction to these recent protests," Pigott added.

"He's also raised it directly to world leaders at the U.N. General Assembly. Two years in a row raising this issue, calling for an end to the destructive policies of illegal amassed migration. Illegal amassed migration that, by the way, only helps criminal cartel groups. That's something we see in our own hemisphere, for example," Pigott continued. "The fact that cartel groups have traveled along these migration pathways. So the president is spot on, he's bringing attention to this issue, he is taking action to address this issue and, from the State Department's perspective, we have also taken concrete action to end the era of mass migration."

FRANCE'S RIOT CHAOS FUELS FARAGE'S WARNING THAT MASS IMMIGRATION FAILURES COULD HAUNT ANOTHER COUNTRY NEXT

The Louvre and other major museums in Paris will be closed on Saturday as more protests are scheduled in the French capital, according to the AP. Reuters also reported that businesses in central Paris have started boarding up their windows over concerns of violence.

French officials said more than 3,000 shops were looted, and some 2,500 people were taken into police custody in connection to last weekend's nationwide protests.

"One of things that we really stress to Americans is that when they're traveling abroad, if they could please register for the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP). That program lets you tell us which countries you're going to so that we can provide real-time information to Americans in the country that have registered," Pigott told Fox News Digital.

CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP 

"Speaking generally, when it comes to Americans that need assistance, we have personnel across the world at the State Department, at embassies and consulates that are working 24/7 to help the American people. If you have an issue when you're abroad, please contact the embassy or consulate," he added. "There are people that are there to help you that can provide information. Everything from a lost passport to responses to a security situation, that is something that is hugely important and a huge factor for the State Department."

FIRST ON FOX: Some 50 radical Antifa cells in a wider network of nearly 300 groups are mobilizing to ensure this weekend's demonstrations in France devolve into chaos and mayhem, Fox News Digital has learned.

Self-described Antifa groups are working with a sprawling network of communist, socialist, far-left and anti-Israel groups to mobilize on two fronts this weekend: an "anti-fascist village" against conservative leader Marine Le Pen's National Rally in the city of Orléans and nationwide protests called Acte II to replicate last week's violent riots.

A Fox News Digital investigation has mapped 287 groups in France's expanding protest ecosystem, including 50 explicitly Antifa organizations, 27 explicitly communist, socialist, Trotskyist or revolutionary-left organizations, 24 labor unions and an expanding coalition of far-left anti-Israel, migrant-rights, environmental, feminist, transgender and other activist organizations. The demonstrations, which claim to be about youth education, include just 27 student and youth organizations.

The coordination comes amid a wider transnational campaign of mayhem organized by communist, socialist and leftist groups in Greece, Italy, Spain, India and elsewhere.

Fox News Digital has compiled a running who's who of organizations in what has been dubbed "Chaos Inc." and will keep updating the directory.

The size of the mobilization represents a huge expansion from the original 54 organizations identified in last weekend's riots. The number of Acte II actions has also increased to 649 planned protests, as of early Friday morning in Paris, including at 21 train stations, three ports, two oil depots and one refinery.

Scores of pages of planning documents and social media posts analyzed by Fox News Digital reveal that agitators have laid the groundwork for a coordinated campaign with money, logistics and a communications infrastructure behind their efforts.

The fundraising, transportation, youth outreach, ready-made materials and centralized information hub reveal an organized mobilization operation in place days before protesters even reach the streets with expected hammer-and-sickle and Palestinian flags.

A French administrative court reportedly overturned a ban on street protests issued by Paris police, although the order was not made public and it was unclear if it would have applied to other cities which have imposed similar orders.

Already, organizers have begun planning a next-stage Acte III on Oct. 31, a broader strike and blockade mobilization on Nov. 5 and a Europe-wide action on Nov. 20.

In France, the numbers include signatories to two streams: a Ciao Fachos, or "Good-bye Fascists," coalition that will descend on Orléans and the Acte II, or "Action 2," campaign, led by a group called the Yellow Vests that organized last week's mayhem. Organizations have signed onto a roster and list headed to Orléans.

"Macron must leave and make way for the people!" the Acte II organizers declared, calling "Yellow vests, high school students, university students, workers" into "demonstrations, roundabouts and blockades, everywhere in France."

FRANCE'S MACRON BLAMES PROTESTS ON 'ULTRA-LEFT GROUPS WHOSE AIM IS TO BRING DOWN THE REPUBLIC'

Last September, after the murder of conservative leader Charlie Kirk by an alleged leftist gunman, President Donald Trump issued an executive order that designated Antifa as a domestic terrorist organization. Soon after, Trump issued National Security Presidential Memorandum 7, targeting far-left groups. It said the "groups and entities that perpetuate this extremism have created a movement that embraces and elevates violence to achieve policy outcomes, including justifying additional assassinations."

Despite the clear global presence of groups with self-described names of Antifa, former FBI Director Christopher Wray told Congress in 2020 that Antifa was "not a group or an organization" but rather "a movement or an ideology."

In the U.S., while they will wave flags that say "ANTIFASCIST," far-left activists don't typically operate under one formal national organization called "Antifa," leading to denials that any "Antifa" organization exists.

In Europe, it's a different story. Activists openly organize under the Antifa name, "antifascist" banners and Antifa flags with emblems of their local chapters, and a Fox News Digital investigation has found a sprawling network mobilizing activists for another weekend of protests.

Last November, the State Department designated four European groups linked to Antifa — Antifa Ost in Germany; the International Revolutionary Front, or Informal Anarchist Federation, in Italy; and Armed Proletarian Justice and Revolutionary Class Self Defense in Greece — as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specifically Designated Global Terrorists, accusing them of organizing or carrying out bombings, shootings and other politically motivated attacks.

TRUMP CALLS ANTIFA ‘TERRORIST GROUP,’ FUELING FIGHT OVER FREE SPEECH AND LIMITS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

Worldwide, Antifa chapters have built their movement around a seemingly noble opposition to "fascism," but critics argue that they deploy tactics of threats, intimidation, harassment, violence, destruction and even murder that make them coercive, authoritarian, dangerous and deadly. What's more, parroting the propaganda language of Russia, China and the Islamic Republic of Iran, "fascism" has become a loaded catch-all phrase to describe Western democracies.

For example, late last year, Neville Roy Singham, an American-born communist tech tycoon living in China, took to the stage at the Golden Tulip Hotel in Shanghai for a "Global South" conference and critiqued the alleged "fascism" of the United States.

Days ago, Fox News Digital reported exclusively that an internal State Department assessment warns that antifascist groups could participate in a "potentially more confrontational protest" this weekend that could "expose further security shortcomings and deepen political tensions."

Now, the organizations themselves provide a look inside the infrastructure being assembled on the ground.

Free Buses to the "Antifascist Village"

On Friday night, a bus is set to leave Marseille at about 9 p.m. local time for Orléans, in a journey organized by "La Riposte Antifasciste Marseille," established in October 2023 with a "strategy of massification of anti-fascism." In its promotion, the pilgrimage leaders tell followers, "Anti-fascism is everyone's business." It's joined by Marseille Unite Communiste Libertaire.

Other organizing materials advertise collective transportation from locations including Paris, Saint-Denis, Stains and Brest.

The logistical preparations provide a more concrete measure of organization than simply finding similar flags or slogans at demonstrations.

On Saturday morning, at 8 a.m., in the city of Bagnolet outside Paris, the Assemblée Antifasciste de Bagnolet, or "Bagnolet Antifascist Assembly" has plans in place to meet at the town hall, Mairie de Bagnolet, on Rue Hoche for a two-hour ride to Orléans. Its online sign-up sheet advertises 50 free seats.

La Marche des Solidarites, or "The March for Solidarity," an online hub, directs supporters in the Paris region to buses leaving from Saturday morning from Place de la République in Saint-Denis and Stains with #NousToutes and Carré Citoyen.

On Instagram, Saint-Denis Antifa, Carre Citoyen and Marche des Solidarites are sending people to a fundraising page on the Solidaire website, where organizers have raised about $13,300 for expenses for the Saturday action, including the "printing of mobilization materials: leaflets, posters, etc." and a "truck/sound system for a large procession of the solidarity march."

The Saint-Denis Antifa also made crêpes last week at the Saint-Denis Hip-Hop Festival to raise money for the protest.

And organizers have centralized the machinery for mobilization online. Adults are facilitating space for high-school students, telling them, "free places are for you."

The Marche des Solidarités online repository on antiracisme-solidarite.org describes itself as a place containing "all the information to mobilize," including "calls, signatories, visuals, etc."

Ciao Fachos has gone further. Its organizing documents call for "tractages, collages, réunions publiques, récoltes de fonds, transports collectifs" — distributing leaflets, putting up posters, holding public meetings, fundraising and organizing collective transportation.

The group also urges activists to prevent National Rally supporters from distributing literature at markets or putting posters on walls.

The network has also advertised Signal channels, much like far-left activists have done in the U.S., to swap information and coordinate logistics.

COULD FRANCE'S RIOTS HAPPEN HERE? EXPERTS SEE PARALLELS IN SOCIALISM, IMMIGRATION — AND KEY DIFFERENCES

A Two-Day Orléans Antifa Operation

The schedule is carefully organized with Antifa groups like Loiret Antifasciste, which is promoting a detailed program. The group's own declaration describes the objective as larger than opposing a single National Rally convention.

Building a "mouvement antifasciste," or "antifascist movement," is a "collective responsibility," the organization says, calling for a united political front.

For Saturday, organizers advertise:

• 10:30 a.m. — A demonstration beginning near the Cathédrale Sainte-Croix d'Orléans, including a "Ciao Fachos" procession.
• 1 p.m. — An "antifascist village" at Campo Santo with food, political roundtables and other activities, including a plan to "parade together behind a common banner" of "anti-racism" and "anti-fascism."
• Evening — Food, concerts and accommodations for activists.

On Sunday, Ciao Fachos advertised another demonstration toward CO'Met, the location of the National Rally gathering.

The Association France Palestine Solidarité says its members will participate in a Palestinian contingent during Saturday's demonstration and operate a stand at the antifascist village until 10 p.m. Protest leaders chose the last protest date of Oct. 17 to memorialize a protest on the same day in 1961 when a protest by Algerian "martyrs" turned deadly in Paris.

Organizations include Urgence Palestine Orléans, AGIR POUR LA PALESTINE, Union juive française pour la paix, migrant-rights organizations including FASTI, Droits Devant!!, Coordination Sans-Papiers 75, La Cimade Aix-en-Provence, Tous Réfugiés, GASPROM-ASTI Nantes, ASTI Orléans, the Association des Travailleurs Maghrébins de France and UJFP, the French Jewish Union for Peace, which is promoting the demonstration.

The CGT Paris, the Paris branch of one of France's largest labor confederations, is also organizing transportation to the demonstration and published the Loiret Antifaciste coalition's call for an antifascist movement.

Solidaires 37, the Indre-et-Loire branch of the left-wing labor federation, is organizing pay-what-you-can transportation from Tours.

The coalition lists demonstrate how explicitly antifascist organizations operate inside a considerably larger political coalition.

Antifa Joins 'Acte II'

The Orléans demonstration isn't the only place explicit Antifa organizations are mobilizing Saturday.

Fox News Digital separately identified antifascist groups attached directly to local Acte II demonstrations.

In Angoulême, Action Antifasciste 16, also known as Action AntiFa16, appears as an official collaborator on an Oct. 24 Acte II announcement alongside NPA Charente, Révolution Permanente Angoulême, Maison des Peuples et de la Paix, Fanfare en lutte d'Angoulême and Organisation de Solidarité Trans Angoulême.

In the city of Caen, the "Caen Antifa Squad" appears as a collaborator on another announcement explicitly advertising "ACTE II — 24 OCTOBRE."

The presence of Antifa groups provides a connective point between the nationwide Yellow Vest mobilization and the antifascist ecosystem.

One of the figures attempting to bring the different grievances together is Benjamin Ball, editor of the website coordinating the Yellow Vest action map.

"Our role is to make sure that the social anger aggregates," Ball recently told French media, saying organizers want representatives of different sectors received at the Élysée.

REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK: FRANCE BRACES FOR MORE UNREST AFTER PARTS OF PARIS SPUN OUT OF CONTROL

Communists, Socialists and Antifa

French Antifa activism substantially overlaps with anarchist, communist, anticapitalist and revolutionary-socialist networks whose organizations frequently cooperate in demonstrations and campaigns.

The Oct. 24 coalition illustrates those connections.

Union Communiste Libertaire, a libertarian-communist organization advocating revolutionary political change, has joined the mobilization.

The revolutionary socialist Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste, or NPA, is promoting the Orléans demonstration. Its publication "L'Anticapitaliste" reported that dozens of organizations were mobilizing against the RN congress.

La France Insoumise, the French Communist Party, Union pour la Reconstruction Communiste and Le Poing Levé appear in the wider local coalition.

The coalition also includes labor organizations, environmental activists and student groups, such as Fédération Syndicale Étudiante, a left-wing student union already involved in France's October student revolt, is joining the mobilization.

Extinction Rebellion France is represented through its Île-de-France organization. Its agitators rappelled the Marianne statue and hoisted a vest with an anti-police message, creating the iconic image used for the next phase of activation.

And the coalition includes feminist organizations such as NousToutes, whose current social-media material is promoting transportation to Orléans and mobilization resources.

Labor Unions Move Activists to Orléans with Antifa

Organized labor is providing another piece of the mobilization infrastructure.

Along with CGT Paris and Solidaires 37, the expanded roster includes CNT Fédération Éducation, CNT 49, CNT Education 93, SNETAP-FSU, Solidaires 44, Solidaires 35, SUD Protection Sociale 93 and CGT ArianeGroup Issac, among other labor organizations.

VISA 93, part of the Vigilance et Initiatives Syndicales Antifascistes labor-antifascist network, has promoted union transportation for the demonstration.

Meanwhile, as Antifa and other leftist agitators readied for the weekend, French authorities arrested a 34-year-old man, Hodei Docampo Ciarra, this week in the town of Val d'Issoire (Haute-Vienne). Police suspect him of being one of the rioters who devastated City Hall in Limoges, torching the building.

French police said he was allegedly involved in the "ultra-left."

They arrested the man, 34, at about 6:15 a.m. as he got out of bed at his parents' home.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

French President Emmanuel Macron vowed Thursday to ban protests by "individuals or groups with no legitimate authority" as he blamed "ultra-left groups" for riots and looting that spread across his country.

Macron made the remarks as thousands of protesters took to the streets of Paris on Thursday, according to The Associated Press, ahead of larger demonstrations set for this weekend.

"Last Saturday we had political and seditious acts by ultra-left groups whose aim is to bring down the Republic," Macron was quoted by Reuters as saying following a meeting with intelligence officials.

The news agency reported that businesses in central Paris have started boarding up their windows over concerns of violence on Saturday. Local authorities also told Reuters that protests planned for Saturday in Lyon have been banned.

FRANCE COULD FACE EVEN WORSE DESTRUCTION WITH SECOND WEEKEND OF PLANNED RIOTS, STATE DEPT WARNS

Macron said the strategy adopted for the coming days is to ban protests requested by "individuals or groups with no legitimate authority."

"Where trade unions submit requests to hold demonstrations, prefects will examine them in accordance with the law, but alternative routes will be proposed" to protect city centers, businesses and public buildings, Macron said.

"The rules are simple, and I think they're just common sense. The general recommendation is that there should be no demonstrations in the coming days," he said. "For those who still want to protest, if they are trade unions, prefects will propose alternative routes."

Organizers of the Paris protest on Thursday said an administrative court in the city overturned a ban issued by police after they challenged it. The Paris police prefecture previously said the ban was necessary, given the risk of street violence after groups of masked youth clashed with police forces, looted shops and torched cars over the weekend.

AMERICANS WARNED ABOUT PARIS TRAVEL AFTER VIOLENCE, LOOTING AND TEAR GAS-FILLED STREETS

The protests began in France in September with calls for education reform, before expanding into larger anti-government demonstrations that French officials say are being fueled by far-left groups.

Protesters gathered peacefully and chanted in the southeastern part of Paris on Thursday while they were watched by a heavy police presence, the AP reported.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

Thursday's planned protests were seen as a prelude to Saturday's big demonstration, when activists from the "yellow vest" movement, whose demonstrations over fuel prices shook France in 2018 and 2019, and the CGT labor union, are expected to join.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

FIRST ON FOX: A French business owner who had five of her family's stores wrecked by looters last week said this coming Saturday's protest could be a watershed moment for France.

Her message to President Emmanuel Macron: "Next Saturday is your last chance to save France," Michele Teboul, the business owner, said in an interview with Fox News Digital. 

Addressing both Interior Minister Laurent Nunez and Macron, she said, "If they don't do what’s necessary to do next Saturday, I think it is lost for France."

Teboul lost more than merchandise when looters ransacked 15 of the stores owned by her family, leaving five completely destroyed. She is also losing faith in whether the government of France can still protect them.

REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK: FRANCE BRACES FOR MORE UNREST AFTER PARTS OF PARIS SPUN OUT OF CONTROL

Teboul accused authorities of failing to provide enough police to protect businesses, leaving families like hers facing destroyed stores and a costly recovery. She demanded that they protect the population before another Saturday. 

Her retail operations include stores in Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille and Montpellier. Her sons work within the same company and operate their own brand, she said.

For her family, protections put in place before the violence proved insufficient. Attackers used axes to break through boarding, she said, leaving her sons facing a difficult recovery.

"We can say that five of the most important stores have been looted," she said, describing those locations as "completely destroyed."

Now, her family needs to pay for additional protection while trying to meet insurance security requirements.

Teboul said it would take at least two months to repair and secure the stores to the required standards. She described those requirements as a condition for obtaining insurance coverage, adding another obstacle to reopening and recovering the business.

"I think the winter season is dead," she said.

VIOLENCE ERUPTS AT FRANCE PROTESTS AS MACRON WARNS UNREST IS BEING EXPLOITED

Companies with established operations and financial reserves may be able to absorb the disruption, she said. Younger businesses face a more difficult path.

"The government said they would help us," Teboul said. "We are going to see."

Her sons have hired security guards with dogs. She also said she had heard of other shopkeepers obtaining weapons or tear gas, emphasizing that her sons had not purchased weapons.

"Some have bought weapons," she said. "You know, we are not used to weapons in France."

The concern extends beyond damaged merchandise and storefronts. Teboul, who is Jewish, said that many Jews are considering leaving France and warned that further disorder could deepen that uncertainty if things don't get better.

SOME SYNAGOGUES CANCELED PRAYERS AS FRENCH JEWS FACED WARNINGS AMID VIOLENT PROTESTS

"It is going to be very hard to imagine a future in France for us, especially for Jews," she said of her hope that the coming Saturday would be different.

Teboul said Jewish schools, synagogues and community businesses have dedicated security arrangements. Teboul is a former director of CRIF, the umbrella organization representing French Jewish institutions.

She stressed, however, that the weekend's violence was a national problem affecting people beyond the Jewish community.

"The specific problem of last Saturday is not a problem of Jews," she said. "The whole of France is concerned by this problem."

Teboul said looters sought streetwear and expensive merchandise. She accused police of failing to protect businesses during the unrest on Saturday, saying officers were overwhelmed as large crowds descended on city centers, particularly in Marseille and Lyon.

She cited an estimate she had heard being talked of as being around 30,000 young people arriving in central Marseille, a figure Fox News Digital could not independently verify.

Leading French broadcaster BFM reported on its X account that "Between 1,800 and 3,000 people" engaged in "the ransacking of the city center of Marseille, according to the prosecutor's estimates."

MACRON JETS OUT OF RIOT-TORN FRANCE FOR GULF TRIP AS POLITICAL PRESSURE MOUNTS

"They were not enough," she said of the police.

The French government has acknowledged failures in its response to the unrest.

She said that authorities had mistaken the threat for an ordinary demonstration. "Of course they could prevent it," she added.

Teboul distinguished between students protesting over grievances and those who used the demonstrations as cover to steal.

"There were two events on Saturday," she said. "The looters, they took the opportunity that there were many people downtown, and then they came."

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

For Teboul, the next test is whether authorities can protect what remains of their livelihood and everyone else in the country and restore their sense of security in France.

"We have to feel secure," she said. "We do not feel secure for the moment."

Teboul warned that another failure to protect the population could also have consequences for the government of Emmanuel Macron.

"The government may fall down," she said.

Fox News Digital's Sydney Finver contributed to this report. 

As violent riots grip France, British political leader Nigel Farage warned Americans against repeating what he described as Europe's mass immigration failures, arguing that years of unchecked migration have transformed European cities and fueled unrest that could eventually spread elsewhere.

"People like me who were warning about this years ago have sadly been proven right, but the problems are gonna be here for a very, very long time," Farage told Fox News Digital in an interview. "Please, please don't make the same level of mistakes that we have," he said in his message to Americans.

Violent riots have erupted across parts of Europe in recent weeks, particularly in France, with Farage pointing to years of mass migration and failed political leadership as key factors fueling the unrest. The Reform UK leader singled out Emmanuel Macron, arguing that the French president should have mobilized the military to confront the violence, after education protests spiraled into riots, destruction and theft.

MACRON JETS OUT OF RIOT-TORN FRANCE FOR GULF TRIP AS POLITICAL PRESSURE MOUNTS

"Macron was asleep at the wheel, and it isn't just that he was at a concert," Farage said. "And whilst the French do have effective police forces, the scale of the uprising, I mean the mass looting, the mass looting and violence that took place in Paris was genuinely horrendous."

"Meloni's reaction was swifter and a better sign of leadership," Farage said, referring to the Italian leader deploying 500 military troops to Milan in response to recent riots. "But the problem is, for people like Macron, who have always said, any criticism of immigration, whether legal or illegal, makes you racist, they psychologically find it hard to face up to their own failures of policy."

Farage warned that the unrest he described in France and elsewhere in Europe could eventually erupt in Britain, pointing to demonstrations in London and questioning whether British leaders would respond more forcefully than Macron.

ITALY UNLEASHES MILITARY RESPONSE TO VIOLENT RIOTS AS FRANCE FACES A RECKONING OF ITS OWN

"You know, my real worry is they can happen in this country too," Farage said. "We've got the same hard left here. We've the same hate mobs that march, chanting in the streets of London, from the river to the sea."

"I'm concerned that these things could happen here. And I wonder whether a British prime minister has got any more courage than President Macron in France," he added.

Farage contrasted Europe's failure to control its borders with President Donald Trump's immigration crackdown in the United States.

TRUMP, WALTZ LINK FRANCE RIOTS TO MASS IMMIGRATION AS THOUSANDS ARE ARRESTED

"Look, whatever you think of President Trump's current policies, one thing he has done, and he promised he'd do. He's closed the southern border," Farage said.

Trump vowed Tuesday to treat potential rioters in the U.S. "very rough," pointing to the unrest in France, he said at a rally in Greenville, North Carolina, before being interrupted by a protestor in the crowd.

"They're crazy, these people. Look at that guy. He's a nutjob," Trump said, in reference to the protester.

He warned that he would crack down on potential threats, saying he would not allow similar unrest to take hold in the U.S.

FRANCE COULD FACE EVEN WORSE DESTRUCTION WITH SECOND WEEKEND OF PLANNED RIOTS, STATE DEPT WARNS

"That's what you witness over the last three or four days. You watch nutjobs like him in France ruining their country," Trump said. "We're not going to put up with it by the way."

"If a possible threat, which could happen, I hope you won't get angry if I treat them very, very rough, because that's what's going to happen. They're not going to destroy our country," he said.

On Tuesday, British counterterrorism police rearrested two men suspected of assisting Iranian intelligence in an alleged plot targeting RAF Fairford, a U.K. base used by U.S. bombers.

Authorities say Iranian state involvement is "highly likely," though no charges have been filed.

FOILED TERROR PLOT AT BOMBER BASE SIGNALS WIDER THREAT TO US MILITARY INSTALLATIONS: EXPERT

Farage said he has foreshadowed such criminal acts, alleging that Iran has exploited illegal crossings of the English Channel to move operatives into Britain.

"I've called again and again for this to be declared a national security emergency. I have been ignored. If the Americans removing their bombers from RAF Fairford isn't enough warning. I don't know what is," he said.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

"We've just become so caught up over here in Europe and Britain with this human rights culture, which puts the interests, frankly, of the bad guys above the interests of the majority."

PARIS, France: Paris is burning. Yet again. But this time, according to officials and analysts, it’s different. And unrest here could have a lasting impact on France… perhaps the world.

I have been covering protests in France for decades. I lived in Paris for nine years. I know that the French are very skilled at taking politics to the street. The recent upheaval has many worried.

From all the people I hear from on the ground here, the rioting has been more violent, more destructive, more profound. Domestic strife seemingly out of control.

FRANCE IS DEVOURING ITSELF AS SCHOOL RIOTS REVEAL A CRISIS FAR BIGGER THAN BROKEN CLASSROOMS

When I approached the bar at a brasserie near Place de la Republique, the server asked if I was an American and a journalist. After replying yes to both he concluded, "So you’ve come to cover the civil war."

The numbers tell the tale. Some 2,500 arrests during the last weekend of clashes between protesters and police. Around 1,000 officers injured. Many hurt, some seriously, on the activists’ side. And about 3,000 businesses impacted, trashed, looted. Damage estimated over one billion dollars.

FRANCE'S MASSIVE INTEL FAILURE SPARKS RESIGNATION OFFERS AMID DAYS OF RIOTING

What was most striking were the attacks on official buildings. An historic city hall in Limoges. A police headquarters in crime-ridden Marseille. An important tourist office in Lyon. Symbols of a French government under siege.

The mostly peaceful protests supporting recent student concerns, as well as working and middle-class economic worries, hijacked by those bent on anarchy. And opportunistic young crooks looking for cheap thrills.

Yes, there are immigrants and foreigners amid the rabble. Plus, those said to have ties with so-called "ultra-left" groupings. But this remains a very French uprising. Which in a way makes it even more unsettling.

Nearly ten years of rule by President Emmanuel Macron has left this country more divided, with promises unfilled, anger near the surface. And violence a real danger.

FRENCH NEWSPAPER RIPS MACRON AFTER RIOTS ERUPT ACROSS FRANCE: ‘INDELIBLE STAIN’

What was also deeply troubling about the latest bout of violence — and authorities have admitted it — is that there were periods of time when parts of Paris and other cities were out of control. Shop owners were forced to fend for themselves.

All of this plum pickings for politicians on the left and right. Either sympathizing with protesters’ demands. Or calling for more law and order. Both sides slamming those in power. With presidential elections upcoming in six months, timing is everything.

With the French treasury bare, it seems the more pressing and more promising route for the current authorities is greater security.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

That’s why top government officials have been speaking out about their planning for the next big protest set for this weekend. French Prime Minister Lecornu says it will be countered by a "massive police operation" backed by the military. Activists will have to choose, Lecornu went on to say, between "violence" and the French "republic."

"Do or die" talk that still does not address the underlying problems, not just facing France but other countries as well. That’s why, in addition to the curiosity factor of everyone being intrigued by France, it could also provide some real-time lessons on how or how not to deal with a brave new world of inequality and dwindling resources.

See you at the "barricades."

The political theater of "Chaos Inc." is preparing for a "rebellion...sweeping Europe."

Two days after an estimated 500,000 demonstrators poured into streets across France and clashes left parts of Paris and other cities burning, French activists are calling supporters back into the streets Saturday, Oct. 24, for a new protest billed as "Acte II," with 212 "mobilizations" currently planned, according to a digital map of the plans.

And a growing number of communist, socialist and hard-leftist organizations are answering another call for a coordinated European youth strike on Friday, Nov. 20.

VIOLENCE ERUPTS AT FRANCE PROTESTS AS MACRON WARNS UNREST IS BEING EXPLOITED

A Fox News Digital investigation has now identified 101 organizations across 9 countries – including the U.S. – that are coordinating, organizing or amplifying protests in Europe in an expanding protest ecosystem, up from 54 organizations identified on Monday.

Most of the groups are adult-led, with just 33 organizations – or one in three – led by students or youth. They represent a nexus of the "red-green" alliance, merging Islamist organizations that are symbolized by the color green, and far-left, communist and socialist groups represented by the color red.

FRENCH SCHOOL RIOTS DEEPEN AS EXPERTS POINT TO FAR-LEFT ALLIANCE FUELING ‘BROADER CONFRONTATION’

The network also include groups that proudly use the "Antifa" moniker, like "Action AntiFa16," an organization that describes itself in the Angoulême, France, Acte II announcement.

Across the Atlantic, leaders in the U.S. franchise of "Chaos Inc." are amplifying the protests. University of California at Berkeley academic Hatem Bazian, founder of anti-Israel Palestinian organizations including Students for Justice in Palestine and American Muslims for Palestine, shared videos from the protests.

FRANCE IS DEVOURING ITSELF AS SCHOOL RIOTS REVEAL A CRISIS FAR BIGGER THAN BROKEN CLASSROOMS

Revealing the complex threads of the "red-green" alliance, Bazian drew connections between this year's Oct. 17 riots in Paris, explosions at the Al Alhi Hospital in Gaza on Oct. 17, 2023, and protests on Oct. 17, 1961, in Paris by Algerian demonstrators , which led to a bloody and deadly confrontation with police. Hamas officials blamed Israel for the hospital deaths, while Israel attributed the blast to a failed, errant rocket launched from within Gaza by Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

Bazian didn't respond to a request for comment.

The European unrest is also receiving sympathetic amplification from a network of pro-communist organizations, including BreakThrough News, CodePink and the Party for Socialism and Liberation, funded and supported by Neville Roy Singham, an American-born tech tycoon who lives in Shanghai and has expressed support for "new world order" of the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese President Xi Jinping.

BBC CALLS FRANCE PROTESTS 'MOSTLY PEACEFUL' AS FOOTAGE SHOWS RIOTERS TORCHING CARS, BATTLING POLICE

On Tuesday afternoon, BreakThrough News is planning an online discussion with a headline that captures how the outlet is framing the unrest: "Europe's Youth Uprising."

"A rebellion is sweeping Europe," BreakThrough News declares.

FURIOUS CROWDS PROTEST SKY-HIGH HOUSING COSTS AND MASS TOURISM IN MAJOR CITY

"From student barricades in France, to Spain's housing encampments, to Albanians marching to save their coastline from Jared Kushner, Gen Z is rising up against austerity, soaring rents, and governments pouring money into weapons and war instead of their future," the outlet said.

BreakThrough News said protests had spread "from Paris and Madrid to Lisbon and Tirana" and announced that France-based journalist Rafael Karoubi would join hosts Rania Khalek and Zoe Alexandra to explain "what's driving the uprising."

FRANCE'S MASSIVE INTEL FAILURE SPARKS RESIGNATION OFFERS AMID DAYS OF RIOTING

In France, organizers are using the website 17octobregiletjaune.net to organize logistics, communication and people for their protests. The domain was registered on Sept. 15 by an anonymous user, according to online records. In the face of curfews and security measures against their protests by French President Emmanuel Macron, website organizers have a new demand: "Macron must leave and make way for the people!"

PHOTOS SHOW AFTERMATH OF RIOTS AS MASKED GROUPS CLASH WITH POLICE ACROSS FRANCE

Leaders are coordinating their efforts in a Telegram messaging channel, where they are sharing logistical details and polished, ready-made graphics.

After "Acte II," they have planned another action on Oct. 31, "Acte III," featuring "yellow vests, demonstrations and roundabouts, all over France," and there are other actions planned on Nov. 5 and Nov. 14.

THOUSANDS FLOOD BRUSSELS STREETS AS ANTI-AUSTERITY PROTESTS ERUPT INTO CLASHES WITH POLICE

There are activities even listed for April 3, 2027, ("Noisy spring") and May 29, 2027, ("Day against agrochemistry"). The locations listed: "Everywhere in France."

For the Nov. 20 action, another set of far-left groups are promoting their "International Youth Strike" on a website, calling for coordinated "demonstrations," "walkouts," "assemblies," "actions," "blockades and occupations."

Their manifesto declares that "the exploitation of workers, climate breakdown and war are not failures of the system but the essence of capitalism." In a press release, it says the struggle against "militarisation, rearmament, austerity and imperialism" is inseparable from the economic system supporting it and calls for "radical system change."

The British organization "Socialist Students," which describes itself as building the student fightback for "socialist change," says it will participate in the Nov. 20 strike, "in coordination with 30 other European youth and student groups.

A Socialist Students appeal urges young people to join "a movement for socialist change," while another campaign statement declares: "Our fight for socialism is based on Marxism" and argues that "workers and young people must actively fight and organise."

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

An unidentified person registered the youthstrike.org domain on Aug. 2, according to online records.

WHO'S WHO IN THE EXPANDING 'GLOBAL CHAOS INC.' NETWORK (101)

ACTE II, OCT. 24 – NEW (14)

1. Coordination régionale Bloquons tout Île-de-France — Île-de-France Regional "Block Everything" Coordination – PROTEST COORDINATION: Regional "Block Everything" organization behind the platform promoting "Acte II."
2. Peuple RÉVOLTÉ – People in Revolt — PROTEST COLLECTIVE: Organization helping operate the "Acte II" platform.
3. Maintenant! – Now! — PROTEST MOVEMENT: Civic movement participating in the "Acte II" platform.
4. Indignons-nous, Bloquons tout – Let’s Get Indignant, Block Everything — DIRECT ACTION: Protest collective promoting "Acte II."
5. Coordination nationale lycéenne – National High School Students’ Coordination — STUDENT/YOUTH: New national high-school coordination calling students into the streets Oct. 24 for "Acte II."

Angoulême, France

1. NPA Charente – New Anticapitalist Party–Charente (NPA 16) — REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST: Local NPA chapter mobilizing for Acte II.
2. Action Antifasciste 16 — ANTIFASCIST: Collaborator on the Angoulême Acte II announcement.
3. Maison des Peuples et de la Paix – House of Peoples and Peace — ACTIVIST: Angoulême organization collaborating on the Acte II call.
4. Fanfare en lutte d'Angoulême – Angoulême Marching Band in Struggle — ACTIVIST: Local activist collective collaborating on Acte II.
5. Révolution Permanente Angoulême — Permanent Revolution–Angoulême – REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST: Local chapter of Révolution Permanente, collaborating on the Oct. 24 mobilization.
6. Organisation de Solidarité Trans (OST) Angoulême — Trans Solidarity Organization–Angoulême – ACTIVIST / SOLIDARITY: Local organization listed as an Acte II collaborator.

Caen, France

1. Caen Antifa Squad — ANTIFASCIST: Collaborator on an "ACTE II — 24 OCTOBRE" announcement.
2. Caen en Lutte — Caen in Struggle – PROTEST COLLECTIVE: Local organization collaborating on Acte II.

Solidarité Étudiante 14 — Student Solidarity 14 – STUDENT: Calvados student organization collaborating on the Oct. 24 mobilization.

NOV. 20 INTERNATIONAL NETWORK

Belgium (3)

1. Comac — MARXIST/SOCIALIST YOUTH: Belgian youth organization associated with the Workers' Party.
2. RedFox — SOCIALIST YOUTH: Belgian socialist youth organization.
3. Vrede — ANTI-WAR: Belgian organization publishing and promoting the International Youth Strike manifesto.

France (1)

1. Mouvement National Lycéen — STUDENT/YOUTH: French high-school organization identified in the European Nov. 20 coalition.

Germany (6)

1. Schulstreik gegen Wehrpflicht — STUDENT/"ANTI-CONSCRIPTION": German school-strike network mobilizing for Nov. 20.
2. Die Falken — SOCIALIST YOUTH: German socialist youth organization involved in the international organizing process.
3. Linksjugend ['solid] — SOCIALIST YOUTH: Youth organization associated with Die Linke.
4. DIE LINKE.SDS — SOCIALIST STUDENT: German socialist university organization.
5. Socialist German Workers Youth, (SDAJ) — COMMUNIST YOUTH: Socialist German Workers Youth.
6. Sozialistische Organisation Solidarität — SOCIALIST: German socialist organization mobilizing around Nov. 20.

Ireland (1)

1. Militant Left — SOCIALIST: Irish socialist organization promoting the international mobilization.

Italy (4)

1. Rete della Conoscenza — LEFT-WING STUDENT: Italian student network helping build the international strike.
2. Unione degli Studenti — STUDENT: Italian high-school student organization promoting Nov. 20.
3. LINK – Coordinamento Universitario — STUDENT: Italian university network promoting the strike.
4. CGIL — LABOR: Italian labor confederation whose Nov. 20 general strike converges with the student mobilization.

Spain (1)

1. Sindicato de Estudiantes — SOCIALIST STUDENT: Spanish student organization identified in the international network.

United Kingdom (9)

1. Counterfire — REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST / ANTI-WAR: Promoting the Nov. 20 international strike.
2. Left Unity — SOCIALIST: Promoting the wider European mobilization.
3. International Youth Strike — INTERNATIONAL YOUTH / ANTI-CAPITALIST COALITION: The coordinating coalition behind the Nov. 20 strike says student and youth organizations across Europe are organizing demonstrations, walkouts, assemblies, blockades and occupations. Its manifesto says exploitation, climate breakdown and war are the "essence of capitalism," calls NATO an instrument of "imperial interests" that "should be dissolved," and demands "radical system change."
4. North West Pensioners Association — ACTIVIST: Organizational supporter of the Nov. 20 actions.
5. Socialist Party — TROTSKYIST: Socialist party promoting the international strike.
6. Socialist Students — SOCIALIST STUDENT: British organizer advocating a "socialist future."
7. Stop the War Coalition — ANTI-WAR: Promoting Nov. 20 student mobilization.
8. Universities and Colleges Union @ucunion — The largest trade union and professional association for academics, lecturers, trainers, researchers & academic-related staff in UK "Further Education" and "Higher Education."
9. Young Greens — YOUTH / GREEN: British youth organization identified among supporters.

Amplifiers (8)

1. CODEPINK — U.S. ANTI-WAR / ACTIVIST ORGANIZATION: The U.S. organization has explicitly connected the French protests to its own planned Washington mobilization. "From France to the United States, the message is clear," CODEPINK said, before promoting its Nov. 10-12 "Taxpayer Uprising" demanding that federal spending go toward education, healthcare and housing rather than the military.
2. Committee for a Workers' International (CWI) — TROTSKYIST / SOCIALIST: An international socialist organization whose national affiliates include Britain's Socialist Party and Ireland's Militant Left. Its international website is promoting the Nov. 20 youth walkout under the campaign slogan "Fight for our future not their wars."
3. International Socialist Alternative (ISA) — REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST: The international socialist organization says "Capitalism means war" and that it "wholeheartedly" supports the Nov. 20 strike. ISA says its members have helped organize Germany's anti-conscription school strikes and describes imperialism as the "highest stage of capitalism."
4. Party for Socialism and Liberation–Houston — MARXIST-LENINIST / U.S. CHAPTER: The Houston chapter of the U.S. Party for Socialism and Liberation is amplifying the French protest movement.
5. Progressive International — TRANSNATIONAL LEFT NETWORK: The international organization explicitly grouped the current protests in France, Spain, India and Albania in an Oct. 16 briefing and asked how the "new rebellions" could acquire organized political power. Most significantly, it said: "These are the forces that the Progressive International is working to support and connect."
6. Stop ReArm Europe — ANTI-WAR / ANTI-MILITARIZATION COALITION: A European coalition calling for demonstrations and actions around Nov. 20 under the slogan "Welfare, not Warfare." It says it supports students "refusing" militarization and calls on social movements, unions, civil-society groups, political organizations and parliamentarians to mobilize around the student strike.
7. teleSUR English — INTERNATIONAL MEDIA AMPLIFIER: The international media outlet amplified the French demonstrations with Oct. 17 coverage of clashes, fires and arrests in Paris, Lyon and other cities. This is evidence of international amplification.
8. World BEYOND War — INTERNATIONAL ANTI-WAR: A global organization that describes itself as a movement to "end war" and says it is part of the Stop ReArm Europe campaign. It is explicitly promoting the Nov. 20 International Youth Strike and urging supporters to "join this resistance."

FRANCE — ORIGINAL NETWORK (54)

1. Organisation communiste révolutionnaire — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: Communist organization involved in protests.
2. Parti communiste français — COMMUNIST: French Communist Party whose leaders and activists joined the demonstrations.
3. Parti des Indigènes de la République — DECOLONIAL: Political organization that defends the student revolt.
4. Parti de l'égalité socialiste — TROTSKYIST: Socialist organization advocating workers' action committees.
5. Revolutionary Communist Group — COMMUNIST: British organization that connects the French protests to capitalism, imperialism and Palestine.
6. Révolution Permanente — TROTSKYIST: Revolutionary socialist organization promoting student-worker mobilization.
7. World Socialist Web Site — TROTSKYIST MEDIA: Socialist outlet framing the French protests around capitalism, austerity and militarization.

Palestine-solidarity organizations

1. Union juive française pour la paix — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: French Jewish organization that publicizes support for the protesting students.
2. Urgence Palestine — PALESTINE SOLIDARITY: French Palestine organization that amplified protest-related material.

Labor and professional organizations

1. CGT Éduc'action — LABOR: CGT's education-sector organization.
2. CFDT Éducation Formation Recherche Publiques — LABOR: Education and research union supporting the student movement.
3. CGT — LABOR: Major French labor confederation involved in the October mobilizations.
4. CNT — ANARCHO-SYNDICALIST: Revolutionary-syndicalist union that declared students were "right to revolt."
5. Confédération paysanne — FARMERS' UNION: Called agricultural workers into the Oct. 17 mobilization.
6. FSU — LABOR: Education and public-sector union federation.
7. FNEC FP-FO — LABOR: Force Ouvrière's education federation.
8. Force Ouvrière — LABOR: National labor confederation.
9. SUD éducation — LABOR: Left-wing education union.
10. SNES-FSU — LABOR: Secondary-school personnel union.
11. Union syndicale Solidaires — LABOR: Left-wing labor federation.
12. UNSA — LABOR: National autonomous trade-union federation.

Advocacy, environmental and protest organizations

1. Amnesty International France — HUMAN RIGHTS: Reported on police treatment of minors during the demonstrations.
2. ATTAC France — ECONOMIC JUSTICE: Connected the mobilization to austerity and economic policy.
3. Coordination nationale du mouvement du 26 septembre — PROTEST NETWORK: Mobilization network that encouraged participation in Oct. 17.
4. Extinction Rebellion — ENVIRONMENTAL: Environmental direct-action movement appearing in the protest ecosystem.
5. FCPE — PARENTS: National parents' federation that called members to demonstrate.
6. Gilets jaunes — Yellow Vests: Decentralized protest movement whose Oct. 17 mobilization converged with the students.
7. Intersyndicale nationale VTC — PROFESSIONAL / LABOR: Private-hire drivers' coalition promoting participation.
8. Les Soulèvements de la Terre — RADICAL ENVIRONMENTAL: Movement that celebrated the student revolt and called for antifascist mobilization.
9. Ligue des droits de l'Homme — HUMAN RIGHTS: Supported students and criticized police repression.
10. Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples (MRAP) — ANTIRACIST: Antiracism organization involved in the wider coalition.
11. SOS Racisme — ANTIRACIST: Antiracism organization involved in supporting the movement.

International amplifiers

1. BreakThrough News — SINGHAM NETWORK / MEDIA: New York-based nonprofit amplifying the French protests internationally.
2. Indian Alliance Paris — INTERNATIONAL / DIASPORA: France-based organization connecting French and Indian protest messaging. Partnered with the People's Forum in Manhattan.

For some French Jews, Saturday's unrest brought an unsettling warning: conceal outward signs of Jewish identity and avoid gathering outside synagogues. 

One community member told Fox News Digital that some congregations had even canceled afternoon prayers on the Sabbath as demonstrations across France descended into violence.

Ahead of the protests on Saturday, he said, as a precaution, "Lots of synagogues sent out emails to their people saying, 'We're canceling Mincha on Shabbat afternoon. Please don't go out. It's going to be dangerous,'" Samuel Arrouas, a French Jewish community member who divides his time between Paris and Israel, told Fox News Digital.

Mincha is the Jewish afternoon prayer service. Arrouas, who returned to Israel before Saturday's protests, described his shock over the messages. "I'm 40 years old. First time I heard this," he said.

FRANCE'S MASSIVE INTEL FAILURE SPARKS RESIGNATION OFFERS AMID DAYS OF RIOTING

Arrouas said warnings also advised Jews against visibly wearing kippahs, traditional skullcaps, or tzitzit, ritual fringes worn by observant Jewish men. Worshipers were discouraged from lingering outside synagogues after services. "You go to prayers, and you immediately leave," he said.

Before leaving France, Arrouas said he encountered masked demonstrators carrying Palestinian flags near Paris Dauphine University.

"It's very scary," he said. "When you're Jewish and you pass in front of such a scene, the only thing you want to do is just get away."

The concerns emerged as approximately 550,000 people demonstrated across France on Oct. 17 against rising fuel prices, the cost of living and deteriorating public services, including schools. The demonstrations were masked rioters clashed with police, looted businesses and set fire to vehicles and buildings in Paris, Marseille and other cities. France's Interior Ministry reported approximately 2,400 arrests.

ISRAELI AMBASSADOR COMPARES FRANCE'S FAR-LEFT LEADER'S RHETORIC TO HITLER AS ANTISEMITISM SURGES

President Emmanuel Macron called for "calm and order" in a national address, warning against escalation. "We all feel anger and shame," he said, distinguishing protesters' "legitimate demands" from "those who destroyed, smashed and looted." He said "nothing justifies" the violence and pledged accountability. Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez offered his resignation, which Macron refused.

Shannon Seban, the France-based executive director of European affairs at the Combat Antisemitism Movement, said the presence of Palestinian flags at demonstrations over domestic issues added to Jewish community concerns.

"We have seen Palestinian flags at demonstrations that were supposed to be about education and social demands. What does Gaza have to do with any of this?" Seban told Fox News Digital.

INSIDE THE PROTEST PLAYBOOK TO VILIFY ISRAEL ON 'GLOBAL DAY OF ACTION'

"This has nothing to do with legitimate student demands anymore. We are talking about organized violence, about people who are not coming to demonstrate but to destroy, to attack our police officers and to challenge the authority of the Republic," she said.

Seban linked the violence to rhetoric urging people to "globalize the intifada" and to antisemitic conspiracy theories circulating online.

"At the Combat Antisemitism Movement, we documented 1,384 antisemitic posts in just two days, including conspiracy theories accusing Jews and Israel of being behind the unrest," Seban said.

"The right to protest is fundamental in a democracy. But the right to protest is not the right to destroy," she added. "France and Europe must wake up. Before it is too late."

In Marseille, Bruno Benjamin, president of the Marseille-Provence branch of CRIF, the Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions, described the damage to local businesses and the anxiety facing the community.

"Several hundred shops were ransacked, vandalized and looted. The scale of the devastation is simply unbearable," Benjamin told Fox News Digital.

He said shopkeepers had seen years of work destroyed within hours, leaving some facing layoffs or temporary unemployment for employees.

"This is not just an attack on businesses. It is an attack on people's livelihood, their dignity, and the very fabric of our society," he said.

SIGN UP FOR ANTISEMITISM EXPOSED NEWSLETTER

France's Jewish community security organization, SPCJ, cautioned against assuming that Jewish-owned property was targeted because of religion. In a statement provided to Fox News Digital, SPCJ said a break-in and vandalism at a synagogue in Paris's 19th arrondissement initially suggested burglary, although the motive remained undetermined. Jewish-owned businesses were among those damaged in Marseille, it said, without evidence they had been singled out for being Jewish.

The U.S. State Department's existing Level 2 travel advisory urges Americans to exercise increased caution in France because of terrorism and unrest. Fox News Digital reached out to the French Embassy in Washington, D.C., for comment on the unrest and the safety of the Jewish community.

Benjamin said rising insecurity and antisemitism had left some French Jews considering whether to leave the country, while others remained determined to stay.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

"We must relentlessly combat antisemitism, defend their right to live in safety and dignity and ensure that no Jew in France should ever have to choose between their personal security and their love for their country," he said. "Because being Jewish in France should never mean having to live in fear."

For Seban of the Combat Antisemitism Movement, it's evident where the blame lies: "Let me be very clear: La France Insoumise and the far left bear a political responsibility for fueling this climate of violence and confrontation." 

The embattled French President Emmanuel Macron on Sunday pinned some of the blame on the U.S. war against the terrorist regime in Iran for the widespread riots and looting unfolding across France.

The controversial passage referring to the Iran war from his televised speech triggered criticism from some experts. Macron said that "demonstrators expressed concern about the cost of living and the price of fuel. Both are driven by the conflict launched in the Persian Gulf, a conflict in which France has taken no part but whose consequences we are suffering."

He added, "I fully understand their concern. It is being expressed in several other European capitals as well. That is why I have taken several initiatives at the international level to secure our fuel and our gas and to act on energy markets." Macron announced that he would be traveling to the Gulf on a three-nation stop to discuss the energy crisis.

FRANCE’S TEEN RIOTS TAKE EXPLOSIVE NEW TURN AS GOVERNMENT POINTS FINGER AT HARD LEFT

It is unclear which demonstrators Macron signaled out for alleged concerns about fuel prices. Fox News Digital reported on Monday on the inner workings of the large-scale riots with many of the groups named seeking to abolish the free enterprise system.

Macron stressed that those who have tried "to bring down the republic will be held accountable."

President Donald Trump told reporters on Monday that, "I said the first time I met Macron, I said, you got to close up your borders. You're going to ruin your country. And they've ruined their country. It's going to be hard to get it back. But hopefully France will come back."

A spokesman for the French foreign ministry pointed Fox News Digital to President Macron's televised address on Sunday and referred Fox News Digital to the Elysée press office for other questions. The Élysée press office did not respond by time of publication.

Lisa Daftari, an Iran expert, told Fox News Digital, "Macron is pointing at the Iran war, but fuel is expensive because Iran's regime closed the Strait of Hormuz and held the world's energy supply hostage. The bigger question is whether this is really about students and fuel prices at all. Major infrastructures and landmarks have been set on fire, shops were looted across the country and nearly 2,400 people were arrested in a single day."

According to Daftari, who is the Foreign Desk Editor-in-Chief, "That's not a protest over the price of diesel. It's organized lawlessness and Macron's own government admits it, blaming ultra-left groups and criminals. France has a domestic crisis, and current geopolitics are not the alibi for it."

WHO'S WHO: INSIDE FRANCE'S 'CHAOS INC.' FRANCHISE OF COMMUNIST GROUPS, LABOR UNIONS AND GLOBAL ACTIVISTS

French Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu accused the "ultra-left movement" of "orchestrating profound disorder in the country leading up to the presidential election "

Barak Seener, an associate research fellow at the London-based Henry Jackson Society, told Fox News Digital that "Illegal immigration from the Middle East, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa as well as from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh to European states serve as Trojan horses to dominate the West. Calls to ‘globalize the intifada’ and ‘Free Gaza’ and ‘Stop the genocide’ are codes to subvert and ultimately dominate Western civilization and impose Sharia law. Macron is still making the mistake of ignoring this."

VIOLENT FAR-LEFT RIOTS IN FRANCE ARE 'CHILLING WARNING' FOR AMERICANS AT HOME, MIKE JOHNSON SAYS

In a social media post Vice President JD Vance criticized France for its porous immigration policy. Vance wrote on X that "Western liberals imported the third world into France and other countries in the name of diversity and compassion."

He added: "They ignored fundamental questions of assimilation and compatibility. They were told it would lead to this and they didn’t listen."

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

Seener said that similarly, the French political establishment’s political correctness and unilateral support of a Palestinian state have come home to roost. Just as Macron ignorantly declared at the 81st United Nations General Assembly that Hamas ‘has never been active’ in the West Bank, it is remarkable how Macron is reframing reality to suit his political agenda."

Seener, who has written extensively about Iran, added that "He has chosen to address students, teachers, trade unions, lawmakers and business leaders and increased oil prices due to the U.S.-led war against Iran. It is unrelated to this. More fundamentally, Macron is choosing to ignore the Red-Green alliance that has contributed to the riots across France, including 38 radical Left and Muslim organizations and 16 student organizations which includes communist youth groups and a Muslim student association such as the Muslim Students of France."

As images of burning cars and historic buildings in France and Italy ricochet across Europe, leaders in Hungary and Poland are seizing the moment, not to address the unrest, but to redefine the migration debate.

Both Hungary and Poland have laid down markers on allowing migrants into their nations. Even to the point of being fined and sanctioned by the European Union courts for refusing to open their gates to unchecked immigration, in Hungary’s case under former Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, while Poland faced sanctions in 2025.

Eurostat’s latest available figures show that in 2025 France had almost 10 million and Italy about 7 million foreign-born residents. Poland had roughly 1 million foreign-born residents, while Hungary had less than 700,000, with most born in other EU countries and in Poland’s case about half came from Ukraine.

TRUMP, WALTZ LINK FRANCE RIOTS TO MASS IMMIGRATION AS THOUSANDS ARE ARRESTED

Reacting to the violence, Hungary’s Prime Minister Péter Magyar posted on X that, "Europe can count on Hungary." He stated that, "In the face of this senseless destruction and unjustified violence, perhaps it is now clear to everyone why Hungary advocates the strictest possible approach to migration, and why we will not weaken our border protection or immigration policy under any pressure."

It is a sentiment echoed by Magyar’s Polish counterpart, Donald Tusk posted: "Poland will not repeat the mistakes of other European countries, nor will it pay for them," he wrote on Sunday night. "We are firmly defending the border against illegal migration, we have our own asylum policy (we do not accept applications), we deport those who break Polish law. On security issues, we will be relentless." 

Sweden-based political scientist Daniel Schatz told Fox News Digital, "Burning buildings and looted shops in France and other countries are becoming political ammunition across Europe… Leaders pushing tougher immigration policies have a blunt message for voters at home: ‘This is what we intend to prevent.’ Images of chaos can carry more political weight than a hundred policy speeches."

According to the latest available crime statistics from Eurostat, the European Union’s official statistical office, in 2024 France reported 304,900 police-recorded offenses, among the highest totals in the EU. Italy reported 142,600, while Poland with 57,300 and Hungary’s 28,600 were among the lowest totals in Europe. This as Eurostat’s 2023 "perception metric," or what percentage of people report crime or vandalism in their areas, showed France was again among the highest with about 20%, Italy reported 14-17%, Poland 7-8%, and Hungary at 6-7%.

FRENCH SCHOOL RIOTS DEEPEN AS EXPERTS POINT TO FAR-LEFT ALLIANCE FUELING ‘BROADER CONFRONTATION’

"In Central and Eastern European countries, the riots in France are linked to immigration and to the issue of non-adaptation and non-integration of immigrants," Boštjan Udovič, Chair of International Relations at the University of Ljubljana’s Faculty of Social Sciences in Slovenia, told Fox News Digital.

"Magyar and Tusk are delivering a blunt message to Brussels," Schatz added, "being pro-European does not mean signing up for liberal immigration policies… Magyar explicitly presents the French disorder as vindication of his migration policy. Tusk’s warning against repeating other countries’ mistakes reinforces a similar political message."

Magyar said last week’s European Council summit "made it clear that the overwhelming majority of European countries have woken up and want to break with the permissive policies of the past. We hope it is not too late.

"The Europe we all love is in serious trouble today," the Hungarian leader said. "It is our responsibility, too, to help preserve our continent as the most wonderful place in the world for our children and grandchildren… I express my full solidarity with the French people."

ITALY’S SCHOOL VEIL BAN EXPOSES EUROPE’S ASSIMILATION FIGHT AS EXPERT WARNS US COULD BE NEXT

Schatz said Magyar and Tusk "do not need to invoke Polish King Jan Sobieski’s leadership of the allied army that broke the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683 — a victory long celebrated as a defense of Christian Europe — to cast themselves as Europe’s protectors. Burning buildings provide a vivid contemporary backdrop for that message."

Udovič is not surprised by Magyar and Tusk’s positions, noting that Central and Eastern European countries "usually link their EU membership to their identity, based mostly on a single nation." This is part of their history, he says, and "it would be unrealistic to expect that countries that fought for their independence based on their national movement would adopt… a concept of a multiethnic society."

Schatz added, "This is ‘all politics is local’ playing out across borders. The streets are French or Italian; the voters being addressed are Hungarian or Polish." Udovič noted that Tusk is entering "a sort of pre-election campaign where migration will also be an issue."

MELONI CONDEMNS ‘GANGS OF THUGS’ AFTER PROTESTS TURNED VIOLENT ACROSS ITALY

Poland’s next parliamentary election is slated for Nov. 2027, and former Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, a possible Tusk opponent, is echoing his successor’s remarks. "France is burning, and we must be wise before the harm is done," Morawiecki posted to X Monday morning. He added that his new center-right political coalition, Rozwoj Plus, "has a package of comprehensive solutions that will allow Poland to be not only prosperous, but also the safest country in the world!" 

Meanwhile, "Strict immigration policies enjoy broad support in Hungary," former government official under the previous Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and current board member of the Hungarian Atlantic Council Á. Félix Debrenti told Fox News Digital. 

He said, "Magyar understands that abandoning Orbán’s tough approach to immigration and border protection could cost him significant political support, particularly at a time when his party is already facing growing pressures."

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

He said, "Taking a strong position on immigration allows Magyar to shift public attention away from the government’s domestic challenges and onto an issue where there is a broad national consensus," Debrenti continues. "All this comes just days before Oct. 23… when Hungarians commemorate the 1956 Revolution and the fight for freedom against Soviet oppression."

Touching on the protests, Magyar posted: "Let there be no doubt: peaceful and lawful protest is one thing; vandalism and violence are quite another. The former is a fundamental right; the latter is a serious crime."

As France's fiery student protests merged with a nationwide revolt on Saturday, a communist leader and academic, Vijay Prashad, celebrated the unrest with a message linking protests across three continents.

"Paris-New Delhi-Buenos Aires," Prashad posted on X, borrowing a line from the British punk band The Clash: "Let fury have the hour, anger can be power."

Prashad was important not only for what he said, but for who he is: executive director of Tricontinental Ltd., a nonprofit funded by an American-born Marxist tech tycoon, Neville Roy Singham, who lives in Shanghai.

The message captured how France's riots have become part of a wider international narrative of rebellion — a kind of "Chaos Inc." — amplified by a transnational network of communist and socialist organizations stretching from Europe to Asia, Australia, Africa and South America and North America.

FRANCE IS DEVOURING ITSELF AS SCHOOL RIOTS REVEAL A CRISIS FAR BIGGER THAN BROKEN CLASSROOMS

A Fox News Digital investigation has identified 54 organizations and movements in France's October student protests and their wider network of supporters and international amplifiers, including communist parties, revolutionary socialist groups, labor unions, environmental activists, Muslim student advocates, Palestinian-solidarity organizations and international media outlets.

Of the 54 organizations identified in the October protest ecosystem, 16 — or only about one in three — are student or youth organizations, including communist youth groups and a Muslim student association. The remaining 38 include adult-led communist groups, labor unions, political parties, revolutionary-left organizations, advocacy groups and international propaganda outlets.

They include Gilets jaunes, or "Yellow Vests," a radical far-left group that led protests with other groups this weekend, and far-left socialist political party La France Insoumise (LFI), or France Unbowed.

From the outset, far-left socialist and communist organizations helped organize and amplify France’s student revolt, using grievances over school conditions as a pretext to mobilize a broader political struggle against capitalism, government austerity, policing and military spending.

HOUSE PANEL WARNS SINGHAM-LINKED NONPROFITS: COMPLY WITH SUBPOENAS OR FACE CONGRESS

In a sign of unrest to come, France is inspiring an expansion of Chaos Inc.

Fox News Digital has learned an international coalition of 28 communist and socialist youth and organizations are galvanizing students and youth for a coordinated strike across 12 countries in Europe under the slogan "Fight for Our Future, Not Their Wars!" They are calling for walkouts, demonstrations, assemblies, blockades and occupations.

Among the international amplifiers for this mayhem are organizations within the Singham network, including Tricontinental, named for a communist convention in Havana, Cuba, in 1966, CodePink and BreakThrough News, a New York-based media outlet, which promoted coverage of the weekend's mayhem in France with the headline: "ANTI-MACRON PROTESTS ROCK FRANCE." 

It shared a montage of chaotic scenes from Montpellier, Paris, Marseille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg and Saint-Étienne, showing activists engulfed in smoke, Palestinian flags flapping above the crowds, black smoke billowing over flames and police hitting demonstrators with clubs. Its editors added a soundtrack of dramatic music. Its videos include politicians from the far-left socialist political party La France Insoumise (LFI).

In an interview with BreakThrough News, Jodie Evans, Singham's wife and co-founder of a far-left group he funded, CodePink, promoted a planned November campaign in Washington opposing U.S. military spending.

She explicitly invoked youth demonstrations abroad, including France, Spain and India, while urging Americans to participate in CodePink's campaign.

"I want people to look at France, Spain and India," Evans said, urging Americans to take to the streets.

Fox News Digital has prepared a "Who's Who Guide to Chaos Inc. in France," identifying the 54 organizations in the international network promoting the riots and protests in France, from direct organizing to participation, public solidarity and media amplification.

FRENCH SCHOOL RIOTS DEEPEN AS EXPERTS POINT TO FAR-LEFT ALLIANCE FUELING ‘BROADER CONFRONTATION’

WHO'S WHO IN FRANCE'S 'CHAOS INC.' NETWORK

STUDENT UNIONS AND YOUTH GROUPS (16)

COMMUNIST AND SOCIALIST STUDENT AND YOUTH GROUPS

1. Communist Youth of Greece — COMMUNIST: A Greek communist youth organization that has publicly supported French students, connecting their education demands to opposition to military spending and government austerity. It has also supported communist protesters in Madrid, Spain, and Greece.
2. La Jeunesse Communists — COMMUNIST: A group coordinating communist youth activism visible in the French demonstrations, including hammer-and-sickle flags and banners calling for "Class War!"
3. Le Poing Levé — The Raised Fist — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A revolutionary student and youth organization associated with Révolution Permanente that works to connect high-school and university protests.
4. Union de la Jeunesse Communiste (UJC) — Communist Youth Union — COMMUNIST: A French communist youth organization that called on supporters to join and amplify the student struggle.

STUDENT AND YOUTH GROUPS

1. AFGES – Les étudiant·e·s d'Alsace — The Students of Alsace: A Strasbourg-based student federation affiliated with FAGE that posted about the early October mobilization while describing itself as politically independent. It coordinated protests in Strasbourg on Oct. 17 with an Instagram post that said, "MOBILISER," which means "MOBILIZE." Another post invited activists onto the streets with the message, "LE COMBAT CONTINUE," or "THE FIGHT CONTINUES."
2. Étudiants Musulmans de France (EMF) — Muslim Students of France: A Muslim student association involved in student representation and campus solidarity whose social-media activity appears in the protest research; its exact Oct. 17 role remains unconfirmed.
3. Fédération des associations générales étudiantes (FAGE) — Federation of General Student Associations: A national student federation that joined calls for student mobilization against the "extremely violent repression" of youth. It shared footage of its members marching on Oct. 17, with the hashtags #manifestation #genz #17octobre.
4. Fédération Syndicale Étudiante (FSE) — Student Trade Union Federation: A left-wing student organization whose activists appeared in demonstrations and announced "Democratic and Antifascist Vigilance Committees," linking high-school grievances to the treatment of anti-Israel activists and union members. On Saturday, it posted videos with its trademark solid red flags. One message read: "In Bordeaux, protesters invade the house of the mayor! On October 17, the whole country is on a standstill. Everyone is mobilizing for better living conditions, and against cutting the budget for public service! In Bordeaux, we hear echoing in the protest: Only one solution, the Revolution! The mobilization of the 17 continues: let's block everywhere in France!"
5. Interfac Île-de-France — Regional Student Coordination: A student coordination organization among Oct. 17 organizers involved in discussions over demonstration routes in Paris.
6. Les Lycéens! — The High School Students!: A high-school student organization active in the early school blockades.
7. Renouveau lycéen — High School Renewal: A high-school student organization identified in coverage of the October school mobilization.
8. Rassemblement pour l'égalité et la démocratie Jeunes — Youth for Equality and Democracy: A youth civic and political organization associated with organizing support for students in Seine-Saint-Denis; its specific Oct. 17 role has not been independently established.
9. Solidaires Étudiant·e·s — Solidaires Students: A left-wing student union that supported the high-school movement and helped connect university students with the October demonstrations.
10. Union Étudiante — Student Union: A national university student union that helped mobilize students for the Oct. 6 demonstrations and encouraged participation in the broader movement.
11. Union nationale des étudiants de France (UNEF) — National Union of Students of France: One of France's established student unions, it was among the organizers of the Oct. 6 nationwide demonstrations.
12. Union syndicale lycéenne (USL) — High School Students' Union: A French high-school student union that helped organize the initial school blockades and October demonstrations before publicly supporting students joining the Oct. 17 Yellow Vest mobilization.

COMMUNIST, MARXIST, TROTSKYIST AND REVOLUTIONARY-SOCIALIST ORGANIZATIONS (11)

1. International Communist League — TROTSKYIST: An international communist organization whose French publication Le Bolchévik called on labor unions to mobilize in support of the school protests.
2. Jeunesse du Monde — COMMUNIST PUBLICATION: A communist publication associated with the Organisation Communiste de France; separate organizational participation in the October 17 protests has not been established.
3. La France insoumise (LFI) — France Unbowed — LEFT-POPULIST / SOCIALIST: A political movement whose elected officials supported student blockades, including lawmaker Louis Boyard, who waved a Palestinian flag alongside students at Paris-Est-Créteil University.
4. Nouveau Parti anticapitaliste – L'Anticapitaliste (NPA) — New Anticapitalist Party — REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST: A revolutionary anti-capitalist party that urged continued mobilization after the Oct. 6 protests.
5. Organisation communiste révolutionnaire — REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST: A communist organization identified in the wider research whose precise legal identity and direct October protest activities require additional verification.
6. Parti communiste français (PCF) — French Communist Party — COMMUNIST: Party leader Fabien Roussel publicly supported student demonstrators in Paris alongside communist elected officials and activists as demonstrators carried party flags.
7. Parti des Indigènes de la République (PIR) — Party of the Indigenous of the Republic — DECOLONIAL POLITICAL MOVEMENT: A political organization that defended the student revolt and circulated imagery of protesters outside Lycée Paul Éluard holding a Palestinian flag.
8. Parti de l'égalité socialiste — Socialist Equality Party — TROTSKYIST: A French socialist organization that called for workers' action committees and broader mobilization in support of the student movement.
9. Revolutionary Communist Group — COMMUNIST: A British revolutionary communist organization that published an article connecting the French student revolt to opposition to capitalism, imperialism and support for Palestine.
10. Révolution Permanente — Permanent Revolution — TROTSKYIST: A revolutionary socialist organization and publication that reported on university blockades and encouraged solidarity between high-school and university students.
11. World Socialist Web Site — TROTSKYIST MEDIA: An international socialist publication that covered the French school blockades and placed them within a broader argument about austerity, militarization and capitalism.

MUSLIM STUDENT AND PRO-PALESTINE ORGANIZATIONS (2)

1. Union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) — French Jewish Union for Peace: A Jewish peace and Palestine-solidarity organization that publicized "support for high school students" who joined protests in early October.
2. Urgence Palestine — Palestine Emergency: A French Palestine-solidarity organization whose protest-related social-media activity appears in the research, although direct organization of the October 17 demonstrations is not established.

LABOR UNIONS, TEACHERS' FEDERATIONS AND FARMERS (12)

1. CGT Éduc'action — CGT Education: The education-sector organization of the General Confederation of Labour that joined union mobilization calls.
2. CFDT Éducation Formation Recherche Publiques — CFDT Public Education, Training and Research: A public education and research union that joined education-sector statements supporting the school movement.
3. Confédération générale du travail (CGT) — General Confederation of Labour: One of France's major national labor confederations that supported the October school mobilizations and joined the Oct. 17 cost-of-living protests.
4. Confédération nationale du travail (CNT) — National Confederation of Labour — ANARCHO-SYNDICALIST TRADITION: A revolutionary-syndicalist labor organization that endorsed the student movement, declaring that students were right to revolt.
5. Confédération paysanne — Peasant Confederation: A farmers' union that called on agricultural workers to join Oct. 17 protests, linking rural economic grievances with the national mobilization.
6. Fédération syndicale unitaire (FSU) — Unitary Trade Union Federation: A major education and public-sector union federation that supported the school mobilization.
7. FNEC FP-FO — National Federation of Education, Culture and Vocational Training–Workers' Force: Force Ouvrière's education federation, which joined calls supporting high-school demonstrations.
8. Force Ouvrière (FO) — Workers' Force: A national labor confederation whose education affiliates joined calls supporting high-school students.
9. SUD éducation — SUD Education: A left-wing education union that joined mobilization calls involving students and education workers.
10. Syndicat national des enseignements de second degré (SNES-FSU) — National Union of Secondary Education: A major secondary-school personnel union that supported strikes and demonstrations in solidarity with students.
11. Union syndicale Solidaires — Solidaires Trade Union: A left-wing labor federation whose regional branches promoted Oct. 17 demonstrations and strikes after earlier student solidarity mobilizations.
12. Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (UNSA) — National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions: A national trade-union federation whose education organizations supported the school movement.

HUMAN-RIGHTS, PARENTS', ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC-JUSTICE ORGANIZATIONS (11)

1. Amnesty International France: The French section of Amnesty International that reported on police treatment of minors during the school protests.
2. ATTAC France — Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and Citizen Action: An economic-justice organization that linked protest grievances with opposition to austerity and restrictions on civil liberties.
3. Coordination nationale du mouvement du 26 septembre — September 26 Movement Coordination: A climate-mobilization network that encouraged participation in Oct. 17 protests and connected environmental concerns with household economic pressures.
4. Extinction Rebellion: An international environmental activist movement whose imagery appeared in photographic coverage of the French demonstrations.
5. Fédération des conseils de parents d'élèves (FCPE) — Federation of Parents' Councils: A national parents' federation that called on members to demonstrate and announced participation by its national board in Paris.
6. Gilets jaunes — Yellow Vests: A radical far-left French protest group revived around fuel prices and the cost of living whose Oct. 17 demonstrations converged with the student mobilization.
7. Intersyndicale nationale VTC — National Private-Hire Drivers' Union Coalition: A professional drivers' coalition that promoted participation in the Oct. 17 mobilization, including a gathering at Place de la Bastille.
8. Les Soulèvements de la Terre — Earth Uprisings: A radical environmental movement that celebrated the student revolt and called for an antifascist uprising.
9. Ligue des droits de l'Homme (LDH) — Human Rights League: A French civil-liberties organization that publicized support for students and criticism of police repression.
10. Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (MRAP) — Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples: An antiracism organization identified in earlier coalition activity around the student demonstrations.
11. SOS Racisme — SOS Racism: A French antiracism organization included in coalition activity supporting the school movement.

INTERNATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND ADDITIONAL OCT. 17 ORGANIZERS (2)

1. BreakThrough News — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A New York-based outlet that reported on French student demonstrations and previewed their participation in the October 17 cost-of-living mobilization.
2. Indian Alliance Paris — COMMUNIST SINGHAM NETWORK: A France-based Indian diaspora organization that connected French and Indian youth protests through its social-media messaging. It has partnered with the SIngham network's People's Forum for an event.

THE NEXT MOBILIZATION: NOV. 20 EUROPEAN YOUTH STRIKE

1. Counterfire — United Kingdom — REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST / ANTI-WAR: A British socialist organization that advertised the Nov. 20 strike and connected opposition to war with campaigns involving universities and Palestine.
2. International Socialist Alternative — REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST: An international socialist organization that endorsed the Nov. 20 action and connected opposition to militarization with criticism of capitalism.
3. International Youth Strike coalition: The international organizing coalition announced plans in August for coordinated Nov. 20 student walkouts and demonstrations across Europe under the slogan "Fight for Our Future, Not Their Wars!"
4. Socialist Party — United Kingdom — TROTSKYIST: A British socialist party whose October commentary linked France's student revolt with wider European mobilization and the forthcoming strike.
5. Socialist Students — United Kingdom — SOCIALIST: A British socialist student organization that promoted the Nov. 20 strike and sought to connect student opposition to military spending with wider socialist campaigns.
6. Stop the War Coalition — United Kingdom — ANTI-WAR: A British anti-war organization that promoted the youth strike and encouraged demonstrations opposing military spending.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

A prominent French newspaper delivered a blistering critique of the country’s leadership after nationwide protests descended into riots, looting and arson.

The article, written by Vincent Trémolet de Villers for the conservative newspaper Le Figaro and published Sunday afternoon local time, blamed years of political failures for contributing to the unrest and took particular aim at President Emmanuel Macron.

It criticized what it described as a justice system that is "lenient toward criminals," accused far-left groups of carrying out violence with little consequence and took aim at France’s immigration and security policies.

"A judiciary that is lenient toward criminals but unrelenting toward decent citizens. The incomprehensible privilege of these far-left militias, who destroy, set fires, and kill with impunity," the article stated, according to a translation.

"An uncontrolled immigration, in which a portion of the immigrants rebels against the country that took them in."

WHERE'S MACRON? FRENCH LEADER BLASTED FOR ATTENDING CONCERT AS RIOTS ESCALATED

The article also took aim at Macron over his past calls for police to show greater empathy.

"Emmanuel Macron’s reprimands toward a police force he deemed insufficiently 'empathetic' — directed at officers under attack by bolts, cobblestones, and mortar fireworks — will remain an indelible stain," it stated.

The author argued that the unrest reflected deeper failures by France’s political establishment.

"If the far-left, criminals, and looters can turn France upside down in a matter of hours, it is primarily because a technocratic monarchy — intoxicated by its own self-importance — has methodically dismantled all the moral, security, cultural, and economic safeguards that allow a society to remain standing."

The scathing assessment followed a day of violence across France, where masked groups clashed with police, looted businesses, set fires and attacked public buildings, according to The Associated Press.

Macron addressed the nation Sunday, condemning the violence and vowing that those responsible would be held accountable.

PHOTOS SHOW AFTERMATH OF RIOTS AS MASKED GROUPS CLASH WITH POLICE ACROSS FRANCE

"Nothing will excuse their actions. We all tonight feel angry. We feel shame as well," Macron said, according to a translation of his televised remarks.

"There needs to be a response. Those people who looted need to pay for their crimes," he added.

The French president also acknowledged concerns raised by the youth about their economic prospects and futures.

"The youth of our nation are expressing great anguish and concern about the future, the conditions of where their careers will take them, what role they will be able to play in society," Macron said. "… I hear what they are saying, for the past ten years I've been fighting for them, so we need to pay heed to what they are saying."

Macron said he ordered officials to increase security around public buildings and businesses, with protests potentially restricted in some areas.

At least 2,400 people were arrested nationwide, including 855 in the Paris region, according to the AP.

More than 500 police officers, gendarmes and firefighters were injured, the AP reported, citing Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez.

LIMOGES TOWN HALL 'LARGELY LOST' AFTER FAR-LEFT RIOTERS SET HISTORIC BUILDING ON FIRE AMID FRENCH UNREST

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

Authorities estimated roughly 550,000 people took part in Saturday's demonstrations, while organizers put turnout at 800,000, according to the AP. 

Hundreds of businesses were looted nationwide, and unrest continued Sunday in Paris, where police used tear gas as tensions flared around Place de la République.

The criticism also comes as Macron faces scrutiny over his decision to attend a Celine Dion concert with his wife, Brigitte, on Friday night, on the eve of the nationwide demonstrations.

The protests, fueled in part by anger over rising living costs, school conditions and public services, erupted into violence Saturday.

Macron's office and Le Figaro could not immediately be reached by Fox News Digital for comment.

Fox News Digital's Bradford Betz and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

French President Emmanuel Macron is facing criticism over his decision to attend a Celine Dion concert Friday night, on the eve of nationwide demonstrations that descended into violence, leaving hundreds of emergency personnel injured and nearly 1,800 people arrested.

Macron and his wife, Brigitte, were spotted at Dion’s concert at the Plenitude Arena in Nanterre, west of Paris, according to French media reports. The couple reportedly arrived and left discreetly and were among roughly 35,000 spectators at the performance.

The concert came after Macron spent Thursday and Friday in Brussels attending a European Council meeting. During a news conference in Brussels on Friday, he called for "calm and respect" ahead of Saturday’s planned demonstrations, saying the right to protest must be exercised with respect for people and property. 

By Saturday, demonstrations over rising living costs, school conditions and declining public services had escalated into clashes with police, fires, looting and attacks on public buildings in several cities.

VIOLENCE ERUPTS AT FRANCE PROTESTS AS MACRON WARNS UNREST IS BEING EXPLOITED

French authorities said Sunday that nearly 1,800 people had been arrested nationwide, including 855 in the Paris region. More than 500 police officers, gendarmes and firefighters were injured, according to Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez. One protester died after suffering cardiac arrest during demonstrations in Paris, authorities said.

In Limoges, a fire that authorities said was deliberately set at the city hall caused significant damage to the historic building. Shops were looted in Paris, Bordeaux, Marseille, Lyon and other cities, while public buildings were vandalized or targeted by fires.

Authorities estimated that more than 550,000 people participated in demonstrations across France. Organizers put the figure at roughly 800,000.

Macron condemned the destruction Saturday evening, writing on X that those responsible for damaging property, attacking public buildings and looting businesses would face prosecution and punishment. He also expressed support for law enforcement and warned against efforts to undermine French institutions.

His statement came after violence had spread through several major cities, raising questions about the government's preparations for the demonstrations and its ability to contain the unrest.

The hostilities began as a month-long student movement over school conditions and teacher shortages in working-class suburbs before broadening into a larger protest movement against inequality, public spending cuts and the rising cost of living.

LIMOGES TOWN HALL ‘LARGELY LOST’ AFTER FAR-LEFT RIOTERS SET HISTORIC BUILDING ON FIRE AMID FRENCH UNREST

Government officials have blamed violent groups and looters for the destruction. Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu attributed the unrest to the "ultra-left" and criminals, while opposition leaders criticized the government's handling of the violence ahead of next year’s presidential election.

Right-wing leader Marine Le Pen condemned the looting and destruction, while left-wing leader Jean-Luc Mélenchon defended the protesters’ broader grievances and criticized the government’s handling of the demonstrations. Mélenchon accused Lecornu of "playing with fire," according to reports.

The violence also left businesses facing extensive damage and mounting financial losses. Carrefour CEO Alexandre Bompard told French television that 50 of the retailer’s stores were damaged, including 20 that were looted, with losses estimated in the tens of millions of euros, according to Reuters.

The mayors of Paris, Marseille and Lyon have requested a meeting with the prime minister to discuss the damage. Local officials in Marseille and Bordeaux have announced or proposed emergency assistance for affected businesses.

Macron is scheduled to address the nation at 8 p.m. local time Sunday, or 2 p.m. Eastern, after meeting with senior government officials. His speech will come as France begins a nationwide cleanup effort and authorities prepare prosecutions for those arrested.

CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP

The address will mark a critical test for Macron as his government faces mounting pressure over the scale of the destruction, the police response and the economic grievances that fueled the demonstrations.

Following the sanctioning of foreign Muslim Brotherhood groups by the Trump administration, the European Parliament recently took its own action against the transnational radical Islamist group.

As Europe begins to respond to the threat of radical Islam across the continent, an overwhelming majority of the European Parliament voted for a resolution that condemned the Muslim Brotherhood and its actions.

European Parliament member Céline Imart of France, who sponsored the resolution, called the vote "a historic victory because it is a European first. For the first time, Europe has voted on a text that tackles Islamist entryism and the Muslim Brotherhood."

EUROPE’S LEFT COURTS MUSLIM VOTERS AS ANTI-ISRAEL POLITICS RESHAPE CONTINENT

Imart posted on X that she had "broken a taboo that Europe has been dragging around like a chain: this victory signifies a major doctrinal shift in the institutions… We were able to transcend partisan divides on a major issue for our societies and our youth."

Lorenzo Vidino, director of the program on extremism at George Washington University, told Fox News Digital that, "This is something that the French and the Austrian governments have been pushing for almost a decade," noting a growing consensus across Europe that wants action.

The resolution was led by the European People’s Party, or EPP, a center-right coalition that is the largest group in the European Parliament. "The voting does reflect a gap between the right and the left," said Vidino, "with the right voting almost entirely in favor of the resolution, and a good part of the left, although with some notable exceptions, voting against it."

As part of her post on X, Imart made it a point to thank "the negotiators from the other groups with whom I had the pleasure of working - excluding the socialists and the far left, who boycotted the text."

Vidino said, "The Brotherhood remains something that is seen through the political lenses of our own political debates, where it shouldn't be... because it's a challenge to our societies."

DENMARK'S LEFT-WING PM WARNS: 'BIG ENEMY HAS STARTED TO GROW FROM WITHIN' AS EUROPE FACES MIGRANT RECKONING

A press release on the resolution issued by the European Parliament's news website stated that Islamist entryism targets "democratic institutions, the rule of law, equality between women and men and fundamental freedoms." It stressed that Muslim citizens must be protected from discrimination as "a democratic obligation," while "warning against treating organized Islamist networks as representative interlocutors."

The release also stated, "While Europe must remain free, open and faithful to its principles, it can ‘no longer fund, consult or legitimize networks that use its language, procedures and funding to weaken its values from within,’" but "MEPs stress that anti-discrimination policies must not be used to shield Islam from criticism or legitimize organized Islamist networks."

The resolution was slammed by ENAR, a pan-European anti-racism network, which released a statement following its passage. "ENAR condemns in the strongest possible terms the racist and Islamophobic resolution "on the need for an EU strategy to counter Islamist entryism and the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood network" proposed by the European People’s Party (EPP) and passed by the European Parliament today, including its targeting of ENAR and its members like FEMYSO through sham allegations and falsehoods seeking to associate our network with the Muslim Brotherhood. ENAR categorically rejects these claims."

It added in part, "This resolution is a stain on the European Parliament and marks a profoundly shameful day in Europe’s history. A Parliament that should defend democracy, equality and fundamental rights has instead given institutional legitimacy to a racist politics of suspicion that casts Muslim communities, Muslim-led civil society, organizations combating Islamophobia, and those who defend their rights as inherently suspect." 

Edmund Fitton-Brown, a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), told Fox News Digital "This resolution is where the pushback begins against Islamist entryism in Europe. It is admirably clearly worded. The task of converting it into binding legislation begins now and will be difficult."

The former UK ambassador to Yemen, Fitton-Brown added, "Europe regularly imagines that "legal", "non-violent" Islamism is in conflict with, and a potential antidote to, violent Islamist terrorism. It is not, it is a gateway to it, it creates the climate for it, and the two are pursuing the same goals, only via different tactics."

He added, "Europe fails to prioritize subversion as a threat, whereas during the Cold War it understood that threat and took serious measures to counter it. Europe also seeks to appease Islamist entryism by adopting hostile policies towards Israel, and sometimes by passing blasphemy-adjacent and anti-"Islamophobia" laws, thinking they are protecting the Muslim community. In fact, the main victims of these laws are liberal Muslims trying to escape the confines of their community and enjoy Western freedoms."

Asked about the differences between Europe and the U.S. approach to the Brotherhood, Vidino said the European way is "a bit more nuanced" than that of the U.S., where the Trump administration has designated the Muslim Brotherhood and 4 of its branches as terrorist organizations. He says Europe sees the Muslim Brotherhood "mostly through the lenses of entryism, of subversion, of a group that destroys the fabrics of society… a matter of a threat to democracy, but a lot of the activities of the Brotherhood might be legal if taken individually."

TRUMP ADMIN ACCUSES HAMAS OF BACKING GAZA FLOTILLA, SANCTIONS ACTIVIST AND MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD NETWORKS

While noting that numerous security services across Europe have been warning about the Muslim Brotherhood for some time, Vidino says the resolution "sets the tone. It gives a political push," suggesting agencies and governments "might feel more legitimized in seeing the Brotherhood in negative ways."

"I'm a bit skeptical on whether this resolution would have a major tangible impact," Vidino added. "Islamist groups are very good at camouflaging their activities." While there is "no organization that calls itself Muslim Brotherhood in Europe," he said if and when funding is pulled from an Islamist organization by the EU, "They will make a fuss… They fight back. They have an ability to also leverage what could be a crisis, but turn it to their advantage by playing the victim card and the Islamophobia card."

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

As part of the resolution, the European Council was asked to assess whether entities or individuals linked to the Muslim Brotherhood should be added to the EU list of terrorist organizations. It called for full traceability of EU funding and a European Commission overview of EU funds awarded to people or entities suspected of links to the Muslim Brotherhood or political Islam. 

It also welcomed initiatives by member states to draw up national lists of hate preachers and calls for the establishment of such a list at EU level, while also calling for stronger scrutiny of foreign funding and transnational partnerships, particularly involving actors linked to Qatar or Turkey and greater use of Schengen tools and EU databases.

"This vote is a victory, but it is also a starting point," Imart said. "The Commission and the Council must now take action, and I will make sure they do."

A historic building in the French town of Limoges, about three hours south of Paris, has been "largely lost" after it was set on fire by rioters as demonstrations continue across France.

The Limoges Town Hall was built in 1883, and was made a historic landmark in 1975.

"The roof has collapsed onto lower floors, except the west wing, and two-thirds of the exterior has already disappeared," the local prefect, Maurice Barate, told the AFP news agency.

MASSIVE FIRE DESTROYS 400-YEAR-OLD FOOD MARKET, LEAVING HISTORIC LANDMARK IN RUINS

Barate called it "a deliberate act by hooligans," adding that it was a "catastrophe for heritage." 

The destruction came as far-left anti-government protests and violent clashes entered their fourth week in the European country over the cost of living.

On Saturday, outgoing President Emmanuel Macron wrote on social media: "There is no place for violence in our republic."

FRANCE EXPLODES AGAIN AS STUDENTS RIOT OVER EDUCATION

"Those who have broken, attacked the prefectures as well as businesses, looted even our town halls, will be prosecuted and punished," he added translated from French. "To the law enforcement forces, guarantors of the right to demonstrate, I express the support of the Nation. We will all stand united against the sowers of chaos, who seek only to bring down our institutions and prevent those who peacefully express their demands from doing so."

Macron leaves office in six months.

GRETA THUNBERG JOINS MASSIVE FRENCH STUDENT PROTESTS AS CARS BURN, POLICE FIRE TEAR GAS

Around 400 people were arrested on Saturday, according to Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez, as more than a half million people took part in more than 100 marches across the country.

Masked groups also attempted to break into city halls in Lille and Calais and a police station in Brest, the interior minister reported, along with violence in Rennes, Toulouse, Montpellier and Grenoble, among other cities.

BEHIND FRANCE'S STUDENT RIOTS: COMMUNISTS, UNIONS AND A GLOBAL PROPAGANDA NETWORK

Nuñez blamed the unrest on "extremely violent, radical far-left groups."

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

While many of the protests were without violence, many have descended into riots. Police used tear gas and water cannons on Saturday to disperse violent groups in Paris, where people wearing hoods and masks threw fireworks and other objects at officers in the Place de la République.