❌

Normal view

Flávio Bolsonaro, os hospitais federais e a pandemia de Covid no Rio de Janeiro

1 October 2026 at 19:00

Investigamos o que importa para os brasileiros além do que passa na campanha eleitoral. Leia mais reportagens como essa clicando aqui.

Atual candidato à presidência da República, o senador Flávio Bolsonaro (PL-RJ) não tinha cargo no governo de seu pai, mas exerceu forte influência política nos hospitais federais do Rio de Janeiro entre 2019 e 2022, de acordo com gestores e ex-gestores hospitalares, parlamentares, funcionários dos órgãos de controle da União e servidores públicos entrevistados pela Agência Pública. 

Publicamente, dois políticos se pronunciaram neste ano sobre o controle dos hospitais federais por Flávio durante o governo do pai. Em março de 2026, o deputado federal Otoni de Paula (PSD-RJ), um pastor evangélico de direita, acusou o senador de ter liderado um esquema de corrupção nos hospitais federais do Rio. “Toda a estrutura de poder e de indicação política, e as empresas que participariam de licitações, que ganhariam ou perderiam, tudo isso estava dentro do grupo cuja cabeça era o senador Flávio Bolsonaro”, afirmou. Otoni tem defendido o voto em Lula, adversário de Flávio. 

Dois meses depois, em maio, durante a inauguração de um novo centro na Fiocruz, o ministro da Saúde, Alexandre Padilha (PT-SP), chamou Flávio de “o poderoso chefão” dos hospitais federais no governo de seu pai, e voltou a utilizar o termo em entrevista à Agência Pública em setembro. “Era, de fato, o poderoso chefão dos hospitais federais. Passava por ele a indicação de quem seria diretor e todas as decisões relacionadas a hospitais e contratos. Ele montou um esquema de rachadinha política com a ocupação dos cargos e provocou um desmonte. Todos os contratos de terceirizados tinham funcionários fantasmas. Um contrato de limpeza falava em 200 postos de trabalho, quando a gente olhou só havia 50 pessoas trabalhando”, disse o ministro. 

Com orçamento superior a 3 bilhões de reais para os quatro anos, período em que o país enfrentou a pandemia de Covid, documentos e depoimentos obtidos pela Pública revelam que a precariedade no funcionamento dos seis hospitais federais do Rio convivia com contratos superfaturados e concentração de recursos em custeio de despesas, comandadas pelos administradores locais, que seriam indicados pelo grupo político de Flávio Bolsonaro. 

Enquanto isso, de acordo com o relatório final da CPI da Covid, que dedica um capítulo inteiro ao Rio de Janeiro, 30% dos leitos clínicos e de UTI nos hospitais e institutos federais na capital fluminense “estavam e permaneceram fechados durante a pandemia, embora pudessem ter sido disponibilizados aos pacientes nesse período, evitando, inclusive gastos com abertura de hospitais de campanha. A maior parte estava fechada por falta de profissionais de saúde. No fim de dezembro de 2020, 3,5 mil contratos foram encerrados nos hospitais federais do Rio de Janeiro. Posteriormente, a Medida Provisória nº 1.022, de 31 de dezembro de 2020, prorrogou apenas 1,4 mil contratos por sessenta dias. Esse quadro foi decisivo para agravar o atendimento à população do Rio de Janeiro ante o recrudescimento da pandemia”, conclui o relatório. 

O Estado do Rio de Janeiro registrou mais de 2,8 milhões de casos confirmados de Covid e 77.166 mortes, sendo que mais da metade delas – 38,8 mil – ocorreram na capital. 

A atuação de políticos nos bastidores dos seis hospitais federais do Rio – Hospital do Andaraí, Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso, Hospital Cardoso Fontes, Hospital de Ipanema, Hospital da Lagoa e Hospital dos Servidores – durante a pandemia, já desastrosa em nível federal, pode ser contada também pelas marcas que deixou nas unidades que fazem parte da rede de assistência do SUS. A bagunça foi tão grande que a milícia chegou a ocupar um terreno do Hospital Cardoso Fontes para extorquir funcionários e familiares de pacientes com a cobrança de estacionamento, segundo inquérito aberto na Polícia Civil. 

Em abril de 2023, a pedido do deputado e médico sanitarista Daniel Soranz (PSD-RJ), a Comissão de Fiscalização Financeira e Controle da Câmara visitou a rede federal do Rio e encontrou 735 leitos inoperantes ou bloqueados, andares inteiros vazios, alas trancadas com correntes e cadeados, obras paralisadas e equipamentos sem uso. 

No Hospital do Bonsucesso, onde, em plena pandemia, um incêndio que começou no almoxarifado matou quatro pacientes – todos internados com Covid-19 –, a emergência estava fechada, embora reformada, por falta de pessoal; 126 dos 411 leitos estavam impedidos, e diálise, cardiologia e pós-operatório estavam parados. No Andaraí, a falta de médicos era tão grande que até para declarar a morte de pacientes a demora chegava a duas horas. A cozinha inacabada obrigava o hospital a gastar R$ 1,6 milhão por mês transportando comida. No Cardoso Fontes, pacientes esperavam em pé e em macas improvisadas nos corredores. 

“É ainda mais grave que isso tudo tenha ocorrido durante a pandemia”, afirma Soranz, que é doutor em saúde pública pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e um dos principais nomes da saúde pública do Rio nos últimos anos, quando foi secretário municipal da área em três períodos diferentes, sempre em gestões do ex-prefeito Eduardo Paes, também do PSD. Segundo ele, “Flávio [Bolsonaro] teve uma influência nefasta para os hospitais federais, foi algo terrível”, disse à Agência Pública. 

Contratos superfaturados 

Um diagnóstico de 235 páginas feito pelo Ministério da Saúde em fevereiro de 2023, ao qual a Pública teve acesso, mostra que 72% dos recursos dos seis hospitais – R$ 50,3 milhões por mês – eram consumidos em custeio, ou seja, com contratos administrativos, como limpeza, vigilância e rouparia. No Hospital do Bonsucesso, onde a fatia chegava a quase 80%, os contratos de apoio administrativo com a empresa Nova Rio Serviços Gerais tinham margens de lucro até 561% maiores do que o acordado e custos indiretos até 581% superiores aos acertos equivalentes do ministério. O hospital pagou mais de R$ 2 milhões em plano de saúde privado para funcionários da empresa terceirizada e adicional de insalubridade, sem laudo, para secretárias e almoxarifes. 

Aliados de Flávio Bolsonaro também aparecem nesses contratos como a família do deputado federal Altineu Côrtes, presidente do PL no Rio de Janeiro. A lavanderia Max Clean, fundada pelo pai de Altineu e registrada em nome de uma tia, multiplicou por oito seu faturamento durante esses anos. Segundo informações do Portal da Transparência, a empresa já recebeu R$ 81,5 milhões do Ministério da Saúde em centenas de contratos – e continua recebendo até hoje. “A Max Clean atendia todos os hospitais. Hoje, continua no Hospital dos Servidores e no Lagoa, é difícil tirá-los. Os fiscais do ministério que analisam esse contrato já pediram para deixar a função. É muita pressão”, revela uma servidora, que preferiu não se identificar. “Em época de pregão, o Seu Altineu, pai do deputado, chegava armado nos hospitais com uma sacola cheia de chocolates, distribuindo doces pra gente. Nossa esperança é tirar eles em abril, quando o contrato vence, e que eles não ganhem a próxima licitação.”

O mesmo diagnóstico do Ministério da Saúde explica como os contratos emergenciais se multiplicavam. “Não raro a troca de diretor ou de coordenador de Administração coincidia com a proximidade do término de um contrato, e quando um novo diretor era nomeado não tinha tempo hábil para iniciar processos regulares, e um novo contrato emergencial era efetuado”, registra o documento, que lembra que esse tipo de contrato “geralmente tem um valor acima do licitado”. Entre 2019 e 2022, o Hospital do Bonsucesso teve cinco diretores. O relatório também recomendou auditar a pesagem da roupa suja e o faturamento da lavanderia, onde as peças eram levadas “sem controle de saída”.

Não há um cálculo do sobrepreço total nos contratos de 2019 a 2022, mas a Pública obteve 13 relatórios do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) e outros cinco da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) que indicam valores muito acima do mercado e foram localizados em auditorias preventivas, evitando que fossem assinados. Em uma delas – que analisou o Edital do Pregão Eletrônico nº 05/2022 para a compra de 120,9 milhões em insumos para cirurgia vascular para o Hospital dos Servidores, a auditoria identificou “falhas na estimativa de preços que resultaram na adoção de valores superdimensionados em aproximadamente R$ 69 milhões”, ou seja, sobrepreço de 57%. 

Em outro caso, no mesmo hospital, a análise do Pregão Eletrônico nº 20/2021, que autorizou a compra de medicamentos para pacientes com câncer no valor de R$ 31,3 milhões, identificou sobrepreço de R$ 18,1 milhões, ou seja, novamente de 57%. Houve ainda uma tentativa de compra de stents heparinados para cirurgia vascular por R$ 7,5 milhões. Em licitações públicas regulares no Brasil, eles são comprados por valores que não costumam passar de R$ 30 mil. O Hospital dos Servidores pagaria R$ 42 mil em cada uma das 180 unidades.

Fachada do Hospital Federal do Andaraí
Hospitais federais do Rio enfrentaram sucateamento e problemas de gestão durante o governo Bolsonaro

Um “feudo” dominado por políticos 

“Em todo o país, só o Rio de Janeiro tem hospitais federais pelo fato de ter sido a capital até 1960”, lembra o médico João Marcelo Ramalho Alves, diretor do Hospital dos Servidores Federais, que era conhecido como “hospital dos presidentes”. Inaugurado em 1947, tendo Getúlio Vargas como matrícula número 01, o hospital atendeu a cúpula do poder por décadas, e foi pioneiro em diversas áreas, como a introdução da residência médica e a realização de cirurgias inéditas e transplantes. Com o tempo e a mudança da capital para Brasília, os hospitais ficaram suscetíveis a políticos do Rio, que já teve outros parlamentares como figuras centrais como Roberto Jefferson. 

“Um hospital só perde em complexidade para controle de tráfego aéreo. São contratos de vários tipos, mais de 5 mil itens a comprar. Para quem quer fazer esquema, sempre foi uma área fácil”, diz Ramalho Alves, que também dirige o Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle e foi diretor do Departamento de Gestão Hospitalar do Ministério da Saúde no Rio em 2014.

Isso poderia explicar o interesse de Flávio Bolsonaro pelo “feudo”, que se manifestou ainda na primeira gestão do Ministério da Saúde do governo do pai, embora ele jamais tenha tido atuação relevante na área da saúde, nem no Senado nem na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio, onde exerceu quatro mandatos consecutivos como deputado estadual. Em 31 de julho de 2019, Flávio manifestou publicamente sua oposição ao indicado pelo então ministro Luiz Mandetta para o Hospital Geral do Bonsucesso, o médico Paulo Cotrim, efetivado depois de seis meses como interino. O hospital é a maior unidade de saúde do Rio em volume de atendimentos e com 4,5 mil funcionários.

Cotrim substituiu Luana Camargo, depois que a ex-diretora promoveu uma festa de aniversário do hospital que custou mais de 150 mil reais, segundo ela pagos por fornecedores. Revoltados com a patuscada em uma unidade sem ar-condicionado, superlotada, com postos de trabalho ocupados por pessoas sem experiência e onde os próprios pacientes tinham que comprar seus remédios, os servidores invadiram a festa e enviaram uma carta ao ministro Mandetta.  À época, o então ministro da Secretaria-Geral da Presidência, Gustavo Bebianno, declarou ter “fortes indícios e depoimentos” de que o hospital estava dominado por uma milícia.

A decisão de afastar Luana fez uma equipe da pasta ser ameaçada durante vistoria à unidade, mas Mandetta efetivou o servidor, o que desagradou Flávio Bolsonaro, que criticou o ministro nas redes sociais ao ter seu nome marcado em um post que enaltecia o novo diretor. “Esclareço que não tenho NENHUMA participação/responsabilidade na nomeação do Sr. Paulo Cotrim. Se tivesse sido consultado, diria para não nomeá-lo”, afirmou, dizendo que o médico já havia ocupado “cargos importantes em gestões passadas nessa unidade, que possui um histórico sombrio de má gestão e indicações políticas”. Menos de um mês depois, Cotrim foi exonerado.

Em seu lugar entrou Cristiane Jourdan, defensora do uso de hidroxicloroquina para tratamento da Covid-19, e depois escolhida por Jair Bolsonaro para a diretoria da Anvisa. Reportagem do Jota na época afirmou que, ao dirigir o Hospital de Bonsucesso, ela “acabou vinculando sua imagem ao senador Flávio Bolsonaro, responsável por orquestrar algumas mudanças na gestão hospitalar do estado”. Durante a gestão de Jourdan, como consta no relatório final da CPI da Pandemia, o hospital chegou a fechar as portas após ser anunciado como unidade de referência para a Covid-19. “No entanto, a maior parte dos leitos não foi utilizada, mesmo tendo sido fechados 28 serviços especializados de média e alta complexidade”, diz o relatório da CPI. “Dos 240 leitos existentes, apenas 18 pacientes estavam internados por Covid-19 e 17 estavam na emergência. Ou seja, na prática, o hospital de Bonsucesso não foi referência na pandemia e tampouco atendeu à população nos demais serviços, impactando a assistência à saúde”.

A partir do episódio Luana/Cotrim, as indicações começaram a passar pelo filho mais velho de Bolsonaro. Já havia sido escolha dele, em fevereiro daquele ano, o nome do médico Marcelo Muniz Lamberti para assumir o Departamento de Gestão Hospitalar (DGH) do Ministério da Saúde no Rio, chefiando diretamente os hospitais. Lamberti ascendeu rapidamente ao posto de Superintendente do Ministério da Saúde no Rio e, em junho de 2019, tornou-se Diretor de Programa da pasta, posição vinculada ao gabinete do ministro.

Duas semanas antes de Lamberti ser alçado a diretor, Flávio Bolsonaro participou de uma reunião em Brasília com o ministro Mandetta, o próprio Lamberti e o então secretário de Atenção Especializada à Saúde (Saes), Francisco de Assis Figueiredo. O encontro entrou na agenda oficial do ministro: foi dia 28 de maio de 2019.

Assim que assumiu o cargo, Lamberti teria promovido  uma “caça às bruxas”, nas palavras de um servidor concursado, demitindo aqueles do campo político oposto ao governo. A Pública também teve acesso à gravação de uma reunião, realizada no dia 6 de março de 2020, com 3h11m de duração. Nela, além de ameaçar demitir terceirizados e servidores temporários, Lamberti afirma que é ele quem manda no ministério da Saúde no Rio de Janeiro e que, se fosse preciso, rasgaria a Constituição para fazer valer sua vontade. 

Pressão sobre Nísia Trindade e descentralização dos hospitais

Primeira mulher a assumir o ministério da Saúde no início do novo governo, em 2023, a ex-presidente da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Nísia Trindade acertou com o presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva que teria autonomia total para escolher os diretores dos hospitais “exatamente por causa do que todo mundo sabia existir”, conta em entrevista à Agência Pública. “Um descalabro absoluto, era um problema crônico do Rio”, comenta. 

Nísia admite ter sofrido “muita pressão” dos que queriam controlar o “feudo”, sobretudo de políticos do Centrão, ela diz, citando o ex-presidente da Câmara dos Deputados, Arthur Lira (PP-AL). “Ele questionava o fato do orçamento de R$ 240 bilhões do ministério ser gerido por mim”, lembra. Outro parlamentar que trabalhou para tirar Nísia da pasta foi o Doutor Luizinho (PP-RJ), que sonhava – e ainda sonha – ser ministro da Saúde e comandar o terceiro maior orçamento da Esplanada do Ministério, que só perde para Previdência Social e Desenvolvimento e Assistência Social. Ex-secretário de saúde no Rio, o Dr. Luizinho se tornou nacionalmente conhecido por seu envolvimento com transplantes de órgãos infectados pelo vírus HIV.

Nísia afirma que “havia muita resistência” a qualquer mudança. A solução encontrada pelo novo governo foi tirar os hospitais da administração direta do ministério e reestruturar a gestão. Não foi tarefa fácil. Em outubro de 2024, o Bonsucesso passou ao Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, empresa pública federal ligada ao Ministério da Saúde e sediada em Porto Alegre. O hospital ficou cinco dias ocupado por manifestantes e os novos administradores só conseguiram entrar depois de uma decisão de reintegração de posse e acompanhados pela Polícia Federal. Ainda assim, o Ministério da Saúde teve que pedir uma escolta armada para a nova diretora da unidade, Elaine López. Dois meses depois, os hospitais de Andaraí e Cardoso Fontes foram entregues à prefeitura do Rio. 

Brasília (DF), 16/07/2024 - A ex-ministra da Saúde, Nísia Trindade durante entrevista coletiva
Nísia Trindade assumiu o Ministério da Saúde em 2023 e iniciou a reestruturação dos hospitais federais

Em março de 2025, Nísia foi substituída no ministério por Alexandre Padilha, mas o processo de reestruturação dos hospitais federais no Rio continuou. Em dezembro, o Hospital dos Servidores foi incorporado à UNIRIO, sob gestão da Ebserh, rebatizada em março como HU Brasil – outra empresa pública federal criada em 2011 para gerir hospitais universitários –, e atravessou um processo de fusão com o Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle. O Hospital da Lagoa passou à Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em 2026. Só o Hospital de Ipanema continua sob gestão direta do ministério.

Com a reestruturação, o orçamento total dos seis hospitais passou de aproximadamente R$ 800 milhões para R$ 2 bilhões anuais. Segundo o ministério, já houve aumento de 30% no número de cirurgias (foram 21.869 em 2025) e 28% a mais de internações (42.516 em 2025). Houve também reabertura de 335 leitos somando todas as unidades (27% a mais do que antes) e 16 salas de cirurgia reativadas.

O deputado Daniel Soranz, da Comissão de Fiscalização Financeira e Controle da Câmara, elaborou um relatório, ao qual a Pública teve acesso, comparando a situação dos hospitais federais no Rio em dois períodos diferentes: abril de 2023, logo no início do novo governo, e o segundo semestre de 2026. A ideia era avaliar os avanços do plano de reestruturação em relação aos anos Bolsonaro. No Bonsucesso, os leitos em funcionamento passaram de 215 para 423 e a emergência foi reaberta em janeiro de 2025. As internações cresceram 46,6%, as cirurgias 55,9% e os exames, 45,4%. Os profissionais aumentaram 73,4%, de 3.150 para 5.462, e o investimento, que ficou entre R$ 3,3 milhões e R$ 5,6 milhões por ano entre 2020 e 2023, chegou a R$ 36,7 milhões em 2024, segundo o relatório. 

No Andaraí, a emergência, fechada havia dez anos, voltou a funcionar e ganhou estrutura definitiva, e em 2026 foi inaugurado o novo prédio de Trauma. A cozinha foi concluída, o que acabou com o gasto mensal milionário com transporte de comida. A radioterapia foi inaugurada, o centro de queimados foi ampliado e o centro cirúrgico passou de três para 12 salas. O hospital ganhou 23 leitos de UTI, um tomógrafo e um ambulatório com 21 salas. Os leitos em funcionamento subiram de 165 para 351, com ocupação entre 96% e 99%, as cirurgias cresceram 36% e os profissionais cadastrados passaram de cerca de 2,6 mil para 5.114. 

No Cardoso Fontes, todos os leitos foram reabertos, as internações aumentaram 72%, de 4.084 para 7.034, e o quadro de pessoal cresceu 41,7%. A equipe da prefeitura, que cuida da regulação de vagas nos hospitais do SUS, antes impedida de atuar, segundo o relatório da Câmara, passou a trabalhar dentro da unidade. Em Ipanema, a fila de cirurgias caiu 38%, as internações passaram de 4.853 para 5.594, as cirurgias chegaram a 12.378 no ano, recorde da série, e o quadro de pessoal cresceu 23,1%. No Lagoa, as internações subiram 11,9%, e nos primeiros meses da nova gestão cresceram 21,7%, com alta de 20,9% nas cirurgias. A melhora, porém, é desigual. Em Ipanema, as três salas cirúrgicas fechadas em 2023 continuam sem uso e as consultas ambulatoriais caíram de 118 mil para 112,8 mil. No Lagoa, a produção ambulatorial caiu de 1,08 milhão de procedimentos em 2023 para 606 mil em 2025, e os servidores efetivos diminuíram de 850 para 734, enquanto os temporários passaram de 525 para 764. 

O médico João Marcelo Ramalho Alves, que dirige o Hospital dos Servidores e o Gaffrée e Guinle, que já resultou na contratação de 1.258 profissionais por concurso depois da fusão, também apoia a reestruturação. “O caminho é esse. O Ministério da Saúde existe para criar e gerir políticas públicas, não para administrar hospitais”, diz Alves, que lembra que ainda há muito a ser feito para recuperar os hospitais do Rio. Apesar dos avanços, a fila de pessoas à espera de cirurgia aumentou de 18 mil pacientes para 21 mil desde 2024, segundo informações do portal que contabiliza esses dados. 

Biópsias em potes de sorvete e pedidos de investigação

Em 2025, a Defensoria Pública da União encontrou biópsias acumuladas por meses no Bonsucesso, guardadas no formol em potes de sorvete e paçoca por falta de médicos patologistas – um problema sobretudo para pessoas com câncer que, por lei, devem iniciar o tratamento no SUS até 60 dias após o diagnóstico. “Se não tem diagnóstico, não tem tratamento. Tivemos que entrar com uma Ação Civil Pública, que segue tramitando, para pedir um novo plano de trabalho dos hospitais federais como um todo. A mudança de gestão foi mal recepcionada por servidores e o déficit de médicos ainda é grande”, afirma Taísa Bittencourt Leal Queiroz, Defensora Regional de Direitos Humanos da Defensoria Pública da União. “Quando a saúde é invadida pela política, ela se deteriora de um jeito absurdo. Quem sofre com isso é a população que depende do SUS”, diz a defensora. 

No fim de agosto, o deputado federal Lindbergh Farias (PT-RJ) pediu ao Supremo Tribunal Federal que investigue Flávio por suspeitas envolvendo o controle político dos hospitais federais. Ele citou no documento as auditorias do TCU e da CGU que identificaram os sobrepreços nos contratos. A notícia do fato foi encaminhada ao ministro Flávio Dino e pede que uma investigação, já em andamento no STF, seja ampliada para apurar a conduta do senador, e se ele teve participação nas irregularidades constatadas. Lindbergh citou no documento o depoimento na CPI da Pandemia, em 16 de junho de 2021, do ex-governador do Rio Wilson Witzel, que afirmou que os hospitais federais tinham dono. “Tem um dono, e esta CPI pode descobrir quem é o dono”, disse diante de Flávio Bolsonaro e dos demais presentes. Em seguida, confirmou a parlamentares que se referia a Flávio, mas negou a declaração ao ser processado pelo senador. 

Integrantes da CPI disseram à Pública que faltou tempo e recursos para investigar a denúncia de Witzel. A comissão apontou quatro pessoas como responsáveis pelas irregularidades constatadas. Além de Marcelo Lamberti, foram citados o coronel da reserva George Divério, que também foi superintendente do Ministério da Saúde durante a presidência de Bolsonaro, Jonas Roza, que trabalhava com Lamberti no DGH, e o advogado Joabe Antonio de Oliveira, servidor concursado que foi coordenador administrativo da Superintendência do ministério no Rio e diretor administrativo do Hospital de Bonsucesso. Divério foi nomeado em 2020 e exonerado em 26 de maio de 2021 após denúncias de contratações sem licitação – em um período de dois dias, ele autorizou dois contratos que somavam R$ 28,8 milhões. Joabe aprovou contratações sem licitação com valor superior a R$ 14 milhões no Bonsucesso.     

Senador Flávio Bolsonaro (PL-RJ) em discurso à tribuna.
Flávio Bolsonaro é alvo de pedido de investigação sobre sua atuação nos hospitais federais do Rio

Procurado pela Pública, Flávio não respondeu aos pedidos de entrevista feitos ao seu assessor. Marcelo Lamberti respondeu por mensagem. Garantiu que “os atos da gestão estão disponíveis no SEI (Sistema Eletrônico de Informações, plataforma oficial do governo federal para gestão de documentos e processos administrativos), corroborando as ações verídicas e documentadas procedidas, incluindo as de correição junto aos órgãos federais de controle para apurar irregularidades”. Segundo Lamberti, “quanto a narrativas e ilações de opositores a essas correições procedidas no SEI, nada tenho a falar pela falta de conteúdo técnico”. O médico também afirma que, após se desligar das atividades exercidas no ministério, não responde a processos pela sua gestão. Perguntado sobre sua relação com Flávio Bolsonaro, se eles já se conheciam antes do senador indicá-lo ao cargo e como Flávio exercia influência nos hospitais federais, Lamberti se disse um “servidor técnico”, e que “nomeações e exonerações de servidores estão a cargo do escalão superior da pasta”. 

Trump’s plan to swing Brazil’s election for Bolsonaro | Ep. 15

1 October 2026 at 15:58
A supporter of far-right lawmaker and presidential candidate for the Social Liberal Party (PSL), Jair Bolsonaro, wears a mask of US President Donald Trump as he celebrates after Bolsonaro won Brazil's presidential election, in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on October 28, 2018. Photo by Miguel SCHINCARIOL / AFP via Getty Images
https://www.spreaker.com/show/5958129/episodes/feed

Brazil votes this Sunday, and the Trump administration has spent months trying to tilt the outcome toward far-right presidential candidate Flávio Bolsonaro. Tariffs. Terrorist designations. Revoked visas. Frequent meetings with the Bolsonaro family. Taken alone, each move looks random. Put the pieces together, and a picture emerges: U.S. interference in Brazil’s 2026 elections. 

Over the last year, Trump has met frequently with members of the Bolsonaro family. In June, the State Department put two Brazilian gangs on the terrorist list. Just a few weeks later, Trump shared an article on Truth Social that said Brazil was his next big challenge. Less than a month later, in July, Trump imposed new 25% tariffs on Brazilian goods. In August, Trump revoked the U.S. visa of the Brazilian ambassador.

The Brazilian Intelligence Agency recently raised the risk of external influence and interference by the United States in Brazil’s 2026 elections to a quote, “critical level.”

This is Episode 15 of Under the Shadow, Season 2. 

Under the Shadow is an investigative narrative podcast series that walks back in time, telling the story of the past by visiting momentous places in the present. Season 2 responds in real time to the Trump administration’s onslaught on Latin America.

Follow Under the Shadow on Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

Hosted by Latin America-based journalist Michael Fox.
This podcast is produced in partnership between The Real News Network and NACLA.
It is supported, in part, by Global Exchange.

VOTE by October 15: Under the Shadow has been nominated for three podcast Signal Awards. Please consider voting for Under the Shadow and The Real News:

Panamerican Dispatch

You can check out Michael Fox’s new reporting project on Brazil. 

It’s called Panamerican Dispatch. It’s a project of The Real News in partnership with Global Exchange. The website is www.panamericandispatch.org

You can also follow us on social media below

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/padispatch.bsky.social
X x.com/PAdispatch
IG instagram.com/padispatch
Tiktok www.tiktok.com/@padispatch

Theme music by Michael Fox’s band, Monte Perdido. Monte Perdido’s 2024 album Ofrenda is available on Spotify, Deezer, Apple Music, YouTube or wherever you listen to music.

Other music from Blue Dot Sessions and Epidemic Sound.

Script editing by Heather Gies. Hosted, written, produced, mixed, and edited by Michael Fox.

Guests: 

Resources: 

Support Under the Shadow

Please consider supporting this podcast and Michael Fox’s reporting on his Patreon account: patreon.com/mfox. There you can also see exclusive pictures, video, and interviews.

You can subscribe to Michael Fox’s new free speech podcast, The Battle for Free Speech on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Transcript

The following is a rushed transcript and may contain errors. It will be updated.

Michael Fox:

Hi folks. This is your host, Michael Fox. Before I get started, I wanted to let you know that I have big news. First, this season of Under the Shadow has been nominated for three podcast Signal Awards. It’s really exciting, and you can help us by heading over to signalaward.com and voting for Under the Shadow. I’ll add direct links in the show notes that will take you straight there. Second, last week I launched a new website called Pan American Dispatch. It’s a project of the Real News. We’re translating daily articles from Portuguese and Spanish into English for a US audience. Over the next two months, we’ll be exclusively focused on covering the Brazilian elections and Trump’s attempts to sway them. That is what this entire episode is about. And if you want to get all of the news about what’s happening in real time, please consider subscribing to our Substack.

You can find us at panamericandispatch.org. We’re also on X, Blue Sky, Instagram, and TikTok. Our handle is @PAdispatch. Okay, that’s it. I hope you enjoy the show. On May 26th, 2026, a 45-year-old Brazilian senator named Flavio Bolsonado met with US President Donald Trump at the White House. Flavio is the presidential candidate for the far right in Brazil in the upcoming elections in October. This is what he had to say at the annual conservative political action committee meeting in Texas earlier this year.

Flávio Bolsonaro:

And let me look you in the eyes and tell you, we will win.

Michael Fox:

Flavio is the son and political heir of the former far right president Jair Bolsonado, a close ally of the US president. In the meeting at the Oval Office in May, Flavio Bolsonado reportedly asked Trump to designate the Brazilian drug gangs, Primero Commando de Capital and the Commando Vermelio as foreign terrorist organizations. After the meeting, Flavio spoke to the press.

He said, “I asked President Trump emphatically to designate as soon as possible the PCC and the Commando Vermelio as foreign terrorist organizations.” This might not seem like such a big deal, but it is. The United States has sometimes used that very designation as the pretext to invade or interfere in foreign countries. The US placed the Venezuelan gangs, Trende Aragua and Cartel de los Soles on the list back in 2025, and fighting those alleged terrorists was one of the excuses the United States used for invading Venezuela and kidnapping President Nicholas Maduro on January 3rd of this year. In other words, this designation carries weight.

Trump agreed to Flavio’s request. Just three days after meeting with Flavio Bolsonaro, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced that those two Brazilian gangs would be added to the list of foreign terrorist organizations. Flavio responded in a letter to Rubio, thanking him for the classification and offering to place his transition team at the disposal of the White House if he’s elected. For months, the United States has been escalating the pressure on Brazil in the lead up to the presidential elections with the goal of helping to lift Flavio Bolsonaro to the top office. Just a few weeks after the State Department put the Brazilian gangs on the terrorist list, Trump shared an article on Truth Social that said Brazil was his next big challenge. Less than a month later in July, Trump imposed new 25% tariffs on Brazilian goods. In August, Trump revoked the US visa of the Brazilian ambassador.

It was an apparent tit for tat after Brazil denied visas to two US State Department officials who planned to travel to Brazil to meet with former President Jair Bolsonaro. I could go on. The point here, as many people have pointed out, is that there isn’t just one thing that Trump is doing to try and sway the vote in favor of Bolsonaro. It’s a whole combination of moves, like a jigsaw puzzle with many pieces taken alone, and it’s just a random assortment of colors and shapes. But when you start to put the pieces in place, a picture begins to emerge. See, Trump allies have won big elections across Latin America. In recent years, right-wing candidates have taken back or held onto power in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Bolivia, and Peru. And they’ve done so with the help of US President Donald Trump, who’s thrown his weight around to boost right-wing candidates, and also with the support of bot farms and shady electoral campaign practices linked to Washington and Mar-a-Lago, as we looked at in the last episode.

Donald Trump:

But on this historic day, we come together to announce a brand new military coalition to eradicate the criminal cartels plaguing our region.

Michael Fox:

Many of those countries have now joined forces in Trump’s shield of the America’s alliance, but there are a few holdouts, and Brazil is one of the most important.

Alexander Main:

The upcoming election in Brazil is really going to be extremely consequential for the entire region.

Michael Fox:

Alexander Main is the director of international policy at the Center for Economic and Policy Research.

Alexander Main:

Brazil is the country with the largest economy, biggest population in Latin America, and it’s also one of the few countries that is still holding out against US pressure, pressure to align with the Trump administration’s agenda in the region.

Michael Fox:

The first round election is on October 4th in just a couple of days, and the runoff will take place three weeks later on October 25th. Bolsonaro is facing off against the longtime workers’ party icon, Luis Ignacio Lula de Silva. He’s the current president and he’s running for reelection. I have been covering the campaigns here in Brazil in recent weeks. I’ve attended rallies for both Lula and Bolsonaro. Today, I’m going to walk you through what’s at stake, and most importantly, how Trump is exerting underhanded pressure on the country ahead of the vote. As a leak document showed last week, the Brazilian Intelligence Agency has raised the risk of external influence and interference by the United States and Brazil’s 2026 elections to a “critical level.” According to the report, there is a trend of escalating pressure on Brazil and a quote, “selective intensification and reconfiguration of the pressure exerted by the United States.” It’s a textbook example of foreign election interference today, a multifaceted jigsaw.

People are concerned, but they’re also standing up, and that’s what makes this episode so interesting. It’s happening in real time. You have Trump attempting to sway the vote, and you also have people pushing back.

Like Lula’s recent speech at the United Nations where he told the US president that Brazil will not be the backyard of any country.

Or this woman, a small farmer who I spoke with at a Lula rally in Southern Brazil. “We’re not afraid of Trump, “she said. “We know what he wants to do and we’re not going to let him. We are the resistance. We’re not afraid of him, just like Lula isn’t afraid. Lula showed us that we are not less than any country,” she said. That and so much more in a minute. This is Under the Shadow, an investigative narrative podcast series that looks at the role of the United States abroad in the past and the very present. This podcast is a co-production in partnership with The Real News and NACLA. I’m your host, Michael Fox, longtime radio reporter, editor, journalist, the producer and host of the podcast’s Brazil on Fire: Stories of Resistance and my new series, The Battle for Free Speech. I’ve spent the better part of the last 20 years in Latin America.

I’ve seen firsthand the role of the US government abroad, and most often sadly, it is not for the better. Invasions, coup, sanctions, support for authoritarian regimes. Politically and economically, the United States has cast a long shadow over Latin America for the past 200 years. It still does. This is season two of Under the Shadow Trump’s attack. Episode 15, election meddling in Brazil.

Okay, before we dive into the allegations of election interference, let me set the scene. To do that, I want to take you back to a month and a half ago to the launch of the campaigns here in Brazil. I was in Sao Paulo covering Lula’s kickoff. Some of this section of the episode is based off of reporting I did at the time for the world and the real news. It’s August 16th, 2026. Tens of thousands of supporters of President Luis Idnacio Lula de Silva are packed into May 1st stadium in Sao Paulo. Among them is Sida Maya. She’s the secretary of women’s public policies in the nearby municipality of Maua.

“This is living history,” she says. “I’m participating in a historic moment. It’s a great feeling and we’re going to elect Lula.” Next to her, her husband Valmirmaya holds back tears. “It’s emotional, “he says. Lula’s campaign chose this stadium to kick off his run for a fourth and final term as president. This is where Lula got his start. In 1979, Lula was a young leader at the ABC Medal Workers Union. He led an iconic strike and rally at this same stadium. The workers won and it marked the beginning of the end of the country’s military dictatorship. Valmir Maya was there then and he’s here now.

“We wanted what we got,” he says, “to transform Brazil into a democratic country. That was our struggle, and Lula was the expression of this.” Inside the stadium, President Lula strode onto a long stage wearing a Panama hat and a white shirt. From the bleachers, he seemed to float above the sea of supporters in red, the color of Lula’s workers’ party. Lula’s top campaign promise has always been about battling hunger. Over the years, he’s lifted millions from poverty, increased access to education, health, and infrastructure, in particular in impoverished Northeastern Brazil. Lula told the crowd that there was much work left to be done, that they had to think of the future. He said they had to invest even more in education, that he wanted to continue to develop jobs and industry for Brazil. 300 miles to the east, Lula’s challenger, Flavio Bolsonaro, launched his campaign on Copacabana Beach in his hometown of Rio de Janeiro.

“Come with me and rescue our nation,” he said, “God above everyone, Brazil above all.” Flavio Bolsonaro has attacked the left and promised to fight crime and insecurity, cut bureaucracy, promote private business and privatizations, and develop close ties with the United States. Much of his rhetoric and that of his supporters is wrapped in a religious language of good versus evil.

“You are the son of hope,” said a pastor at his campaign launch. “You are the first born. You received the legacy of representing your father, and now for everything that is sacred on the face of the earth, honor your father. “The savior trope goes over well with his evangelical supporters, an important base for Bolsonaro and other far-right politicians in Brazil, as we looked at in depth in my 2022 podcast, Brazil on Fire. Blase Narujo is a youth pastor at an evangelical church in a working class neighborhood of Sao Paulo. He joined others on the streets in mid-August to promote Bolsonaro and other far-right candidates running for local office.

He said,” I believe that Flavio Bolsonado is the only viable candidate who can beat Lula and the workers’ party. “I’m a Christian here,” he told me. “I behave as a Christian, but I’m also a political activist here on the streets to defend my beliefs,” he said. Flavio Bolsonado also has powerful support in high places, in particular, as we heard earlier from Donald Trump. If you remember, the US president is a longtime ally of Flavio’s father, Jair Bolsonado. Jair is currently on house arrest. He was first barred from running for office for spreading lies about the country’s electoral system. Last year, the Supreme Court convicted him of plotting a coup to return to power. Before his rise as the leader of Brazil’s far right, Jair Bolsonaro was a backbench congressman for decades, outlandish, but mostly obscure. And then he ran for president.

Speaker 5:

There are a few things that drew inspiration for you.

Jair Bolsonaro:

Very special guy. Turned out to be a great friend of mine.

Michael Fox:

Bolsonaro fashioned himself after Trump. In fact, in Jair Bolsonaro’s electoral campaign in 2018, international media often called him the Trump of the tropics. He and Trump met a number of times while they were both president.

Jair Bolsonaro:

And I think we can say that Brazil and the United States are as close or closer as they’ve ever been.

Michael Fox:

Last year, Trump imposed 50% tariffs on Brazil in part because of the country’s criminal trial against the former president.

Donald Trump:

They’re treating President Bolsonaro very unfairly. He’s a good man. I know him well. I negotiated with him.

Michael Fox:

And let me be honest, there are many supporters of Bolsonaro who look up to Trump and want him to use his leverage to help their candidate, Jair Bolsonaro’s son and protege Flavio Bolsonaro. On September 7th, members of the far right in Brazil hit the streets across the country to rally for Flavio. I covered the march in the southern Brazilian city of Florianopolis. There, numerous people told me how much they admired Trump and how grateful they were for his support. Adalberto Luis de Santos is marching with a blue hat with the insignia of the United States. He and his wife are draped in Brazilian flags. “We’re hoping for support from the United States,” he said. “I believe Trump can help us. All Brazilians need the support of someone from abroad. “. “Trump is really important,” another man in the march told me. “The external pressure is very important.

“. A woman in the march carrying a flag and a yellow hat told me,” Just the simple fact that Trump is in power and acts democratically in favor of freedom makes all of the difference for our people. “.

“We don’t want Brazil to turn into another Venezuela,” she said. “I’ve heard that narrative countless times in Brazil and during elections in countries across Latin America for years. It’s the ever-present boogeyman of so-called communist Venezuela, but fear of the Venezuelan fate took on an even more serious dimension after the US invasion of Caracas earlier this year. The sentiments of so many Bolsonaro supporters are a sign of just how polarized the political debate is and how much the far right in Brazil looks up to the US president. Two weeks later, I covered another rally in the same city, this one in support of President Lula.

People had a lot to say about Trump and his efforts to influence their presidential decisions. I asked them, “Are you afraid of what Trump and the United States could do during this election to try and support Bolsonaro?” “Yes, I’m really afraid of that, “said one man carrying a Lula flag. “They want to take away our sovereignty. They want to invade our lands. They want to take what is ours and let Brazil be a colony of another country.” “Of course we’re afraid, “said someone else,” but we believe that Lula is well ahead in the election and we won’t allow Trump to destroy the election. “What do you think about Trump and are you concerned that Trump might try and do something with the elections here in

Speaker 7:

Brazil? Yeah, we’ve seen a lot of his work here in Latin America that we are very scared. Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Argentina. So we are very scared because Latin America is being contaminated by him and his work, so it’s very scary and we don’t want him in here or anything with him.

Michael Fox:

People have a lot to be concerned about. When I was in Sao Paulo in August, I sat down with Igor Fusser at a cafe near Palista Avenue. We’ve known each other for years. He’s a professor of foreign relations at Brazil’s ABC Federal University. I asked him how he sees the US actions against Brazil at this moment.

He said, “This is not just about the United States trying to remove the government of a left-wing party, the workers’ party, or a left-wing leader, which is Lula. It’s about subjecting Brazil to the policies of the United States, and Brazil being the largest country in Latin America is precisely the biggest obstacle to the American project of global dominance of the Western hemisphere,” he said. Remember, over the last year, as we’ve looked at throughout this podcast, Trump has pushed the United States into a new era of dominance over Latin America, the likes of which the region has not seen in decades. Boat strikes in the Caribbean, the US invasion of Venezuela, and the kidnapping of President Nicolas Maduro, the oil blockade on Cuba, and Trump throwing his weight around and meddling in elections across Latin America. It’s all justified by a renewed Monroe doctrine. Here’s Secretary of War, Pete Hegseth, underlining that point.

Pete Hegseth:

President Trump has established the Trump corollary of the Monroe Doctrine, the Don Roe doctrine, and the war department is implementing it as fast as we can.

Michael Fox:

Brazil is the latest battleground. It’s playing out in the open and behind the scenes. It’s early August. The Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism is meeting in Sao Paulo. At the meeting circulating in the crowd are staff from the US Consulate in Sao Paulo, their mission to woo Brazilian journalists into conversations about the country’s electoral process and the state of “freedom of expression” in the country. This was reported by several independent journalists at the conference and then published by independent journalist Leandro DeMori, the former executive editor of The Intercept Brazil. According to Demorti, three journalists at the event confirmed the actions of the consular officials. Two journalists said they were offered assistance with US visas if they needed them, even though the meetings with the officials about the country’s elections were to be held in Sao Paulo.

Washington has leaned on two key narratives to demonize Brazil in recent years. One, that freedom of expression is under attack in Brazil because of its attempts to reign in social media disinformation, and two, that the country’s electoral system is faulty and prone to errors. Both of those claims are false. Brazil has long held certified free and fair elections, and freedom of speech is alive and well, although Brazil embraces a more inclusive harmonious definition of how the freedom of speech fits into the country’s other laws. Episode 12 of this series goes deeper into those claims and their fallout. DiMorti’s reporting about the recent journalism forum brings up more questions than answers. What were the consular officials trying to achieve? Did some journalists take the bait? If so, how will this be weaponized? We don’t have answers, but it’s another piece of the scrambled jigsaw puzzle.

Here’s another, and it’s just one example of how the meddling campaign has been building. In mid-September, less than two weeks ago, Flavio Bolsonaro’s brother, Eduardo, met with President Donald Trump at the White House. As we looked at in the last episode, Eduardo is a former congressional representative who now lives in the United States. The Brazilian Supreme Court sentenced him earlier this year to four years in prison for his actions in the US, lobbying the Trump administration to intimidate the Brazilian judiciary amid the trial against his father. According to reports, Eduardo traveled to Washington to ask Trump to impose sanctions on members of the Lula government and the Supreme Court, including Justice Alexandre Morais. If you’ve been following Brazil or my reporting, you might remember that Morais was the justice that led the trials against the dissemination of fake news in the country and also against Jair Bolsonaro.

Jair Bolsonaro:

Also developing this morning, the Trump administration placing sanctions on a Brazilian Supreme Court justice over concerns of human rights violations and politicized prosecutions.

Michael Fox:

Last year, the US sanctioned Mordice for supposedly carrying out human rights abuse, including arbitrary detention. Those sanctions were lifted four months later, but they were a thinly veiled retaliation for the trial against Bolsonaro and also Morais’s fight with ex-owner Elon Musk, which we looked at in depth in episode 12. There is no question the battle over Brazil right now is also taking place online and Silicon Valley is playing its part.

On Wednesday, September 23rd, Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, took down President Lula’s Facebook page and blocked his campaign from running political ads. The platform gave no justification for the move. Lula’s workers’ party and his electoral coalition demanded answers. Lula’s campaign asked for the immediate return of the account. The campaign’s lawyers told the platform that the restriction “poses a serious risk to the candidate’s level playing field in the election.” The head of the Workers’ Party national communications team, Eden Valadaris, said they hadn’t ruled out taking the case to the superior electoral court. He wrote on X, “Brazil’s electoral contest, its campaigns, and its vote cannot be left to the mercy of the political preferences of the big tech companies whose supposed programming errors only hit and harm one campaign and one candidate.” One candidate, meaning Lula. By the next morning, the page was back up, but Lula’s electoral coalition said Meta’s actions harm the presidential campaign.

Remember that Meta was founded and is run by Mark Zuckerberg. He’s a close ally of President Donald Trump.

Jair Bolsonaro:

Thank you very, very much.

Michael Fox:

In fact, he was at Trump’s inauguration for his second term alongside the heads of Apple, Google, Amazon, and of course, Tesla and ex – CEO, Elon Musk. I want to talk about something important today because it’s time to get back to our roots around free expression on Facebook and Instagram. Zuckerberg got rid of fact-checking at Meta in early 2025, just before Trump came into power last year, and that’s important because there are now fewer constraints on the spread of fake news or misinformation on the platform. In late August, Amnesty International tested this lack of guardrails in Brazil. It sent 15 different AI-generated election-related political disinformation ads to Facebook to see if the platform could discern between truth and falsehood. Meta failed to block most of them. A similar test run by the eco movement in Brazil in mid-September showed that nearly 90% of the disinformation ads it attempted to run on Meta were approved, including “AI ads depicting execution style threats against lawmakers and calling for a stop the steal style coup.” And I want to say one more thing about the role of Silicon Valley’s big tech platforms.

They are paying attention to what’s happening in Brazil. Here’s just one example. Last year, lawmakers and a congressional committee in Brazilia were discussing a bill on AI regulation. According to the fact-checking agency, Ausfatos, big tech lobbyists visited committee members more than 80 times over a five-month period. The tech company that met with members in Brazilia the most was Meta, which made more than a third of those visits.

There’s another layer to all of this, another puzzle piece if you like. In the last episode of this podcast, I took an in-depth look at the work of the Argentine political strategist, Fernando Cerimedo. Remember, Serimedo has led right-wing digital campaigns across Latin America, and he did so with the help of Washington and Trump’s former campaign manager and digital strategist, Brad Parscali. This is what he had to say earlier this year in Mar-a-Lago when he was presented an award for best Hispanic Political Consultant of the Year.

Jair Bolsonaro:

I want to say something in English. Thank you to Brad Parscale for believing me all the time and give me your technology and Tim Don for the fighting in Latin America against socialism. Thank you, Brad.

Michael Fox:

Serimedo is now in prison on charges that he tried to kill his girlfriend. According to her, he hired the hitman to silence her. Serimedo also faces charges of illicit enrichment and other crimes, but his digital campaigning and the bot farms that he’s deployed in elections up and down the hemisphere haven’t necessarily gone away, nor have his deep ties to the right in the region. Remember who presented that award to Cerimedo? It was Eduardo Bolsonaro, the brother of Flavio Bolsonaro. They reportedly have known each other for more than 15 years. Now, just this week, Washington sanctioned Bolivian Attorney General Roher Mariaka, who is prosecuting the Serimero case,

He defended his country sovereignty and vowed to continue the investigation despite the apparent attempt to intimidate him. I mention all of this to say that just because Serimedo is now in jail, it doesn’t mean that these types of digital influence campaigns heavily fueled by an inter International far right aren’t happening. As I mentioned last time, Serimedo is just one piece in a puzzle, a cog and a wheel, albeit one very important cog. But actions pushing disinformation online are still happening. We just don’t necessarily know from who or where. Here’s one example. About a week ago, the Brazilian journalistic outlet Ajencia Publica reported in conjunction with Aos Fatos that AI farms were fueling the far right agenda in the lead up to the elections. The bots had created 255 profiles and made over a thousand posts. Agencia Publica reported that the network had “achieved 58 million views, expanding the reach of posts supporting the Bolsonaro family and attacking the Supreme Court.” It’s a strategy known as astroturfing, using artificial engagement to give the impression of a real surge in grassroots support.

All of this happened over one month between August and September. According to the investigation, one of the main nodes of this AI campaign was linked to the Instagram account Leo Indio Bolsonaro. That is managed by Leonardo Rodriguez de Jesus. He is Flavio and Eduardo Bolsonaro’s cousin. He was investigated by Brazilian officials for his role in the 2023 attempted coup. A warrant for his arrest was ordered in 2025. He fled the country. He’s reportedly now in Argentina. The point is this, these campaigns are happening. We often just don’t hear about them until after the fact.

Maria Marta Bruno:

Well, I’ve been voting since 1998 and I have never seen such level of interference of foreign interference in Brazilian elections.

Michael Fox:

Maria Marta Bruno is a journalist with Agencia Publica, the outlet I mentioned earlier. If you remember, I spoke with her in the last episode as well about Serimedo.

Maria Marta Bruno:

It reminds me a lot of what I have read in history books and what I have learned on the Brazilian dictatorship and the very clear role that the US developed from 1964 to 1985 when the military dictatorship in Brazil took place. There was never since the end of the dictatorship such open intervention.

Michael Fox:

Maria says there have been a lot of headlines lately mentioning diplomatic tension between Brazil and the United States, but she says what we’re seeing goes far beyond that.

Maria Marta Bruno:

Because given the gravity and the timing of the recent facts, I would say that it constitutes a clear interference in our process.

Michael Fox:

She highlights Trump’s tariffs on Brazil both last year and this year, which she says are wrapped into defending former President Jair Bolsonaro. She points to the numerous meetings between Flavio and Eduardo Bolsonaro with top officials in Washington over the last year, the US sanctions against Supreme Court Justice Alexandre Morais and so much more. And she says there are two other big reasons why the United States is so interested in Brazil. The first is China.

Maria Marta Bruno:

The US intentions to reduce China influence in Latin America. We all know that China, it’s a key partner for Brazil and for other countries in the region.

Michael Fox:

The second is rare earth minerals, stuff like neodymium, dysprosium, or terbium. Yeah, I don’t know what they look like either, but they’re used in EV motors, green energy technologies, military equipment, and other industries. Brazil is home to somewhere between a fifth and a quarter of the total rare earth reserves in the world. It’s second only to China. In April, a US company bought up the Brazilian firm Ceja Vergi, which mines rare earth minerals in Brazil. After his meeting with Trump in May, Flavio Bolshinaro promised to work with the United States on mineral extraction. “We are the only real alternative to China for a free world,” Flavio Bolsonaro said. “Under my government, there will be long-term strategic partnership with the United States in this sector with protected investment and shared reindustrialization between the two countries. Flavio also promised that if he is elected in his first month, Brazil would join President Trump’s Shield of the America’s regional coalition.

Brazil will join the shield of the Americas together with the United States, “he said,” and countries across the region, forming a great hemispheric alliance against terrorism and organized and transnational crime. “This is Brazil’s place. It is the protagonist of the security of the Americas side by side with free and sovereign nations, he said.

Maria Marta Bruno:

And we know that the US is very interested in what we have and the reserves that we have. So it’s very significant, it’s very important, and we know that the US is following closely the development of the presidential elections here because they will certainly determine what will be the future of the diplomatic relation between US and Brazil in the upcoming years.

Michael Fox:

In the face of all of this, Brazilians are responding none louder than President Luis Idnacio Lula de Silva.

Jair Bolsonaro:

The assembly will now hear and address by his excellency, Luis Inacio Lula Da Silva, president of the Federated Republic of Brazil.

Michael Fox:

The day is September 22nd, 2026, New York City. Brazilian President Luis Idnacio Lula de Silva walks to the podium at the United Nations to kick off the 81st General Assembly meeting. Without mentioning him, Lula speaks directly to US President Donald Trump. “Brazil does not fit into anyone’s backyard,” he says. Lula denounces Trump for attacking democracy, interfering in elections and using military force to acquire material resources across Latin America. He closes his speech with a nod to the upcoming high stakes elections in Brazil. On October 4th, he says, “Millions of Brazilians go to the polls to decide their future. They will not just elect the president of the republic, state governors, and representatives of the legislative power. They will decide between democracy and denialism, between if Brazil is going to move toward a future of more opportunities or return to a past of exclusion.”. He says Brazil will have free and transparent elections as it always has with broad freedom of speech.

He denounces the spread of disinformation online, in particular coming from outside the country, which he says is an attempt to “disrupt the debate.”.

“We have a modern and robust electoral system,” he says. “We have a plural citizenship and a free press. We will not allow the enemies of democracy, both internal and external, to attack the popular will. Brazilian democracy belongs to Brazilians. Brazil will continue to be a sovereign country. No one, no one will take us away from this path, “he says. It’s Lula’s response to Trump and the world as the country faces incredibly important elections, elections that Trump and the United States have been attempting to influence. Brazilians have been vocal online and in the streets against Washington’s pressure, and recently they actually got some support from a group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. On September 24th, just last week, Senator Bernie Sanders and 30 Democratic members of the US House of Representatives sent a letter to Secretary of State Marco Rubio. They accused the Trump administration of waging a pressure campaign against Brazil ahead of the first round vote.

Illinois Congresswoman Delia Ramirez led the congressional effort. They write, “We are writing to express our grave concern regarding the administration’s coordinated effort to threaten our strategic alliance with Brazil and undermine the Western Hemisphere’s second largest democracy ahead of its upcoming presidential election in October 2026. Over the course of President Trump’s second term,” they write, “We have seen US officials engage in a sustained multifaceted campaign of interference and destabilization in Brazil. They point to the shocking 50% tariffs Trump levied on the country last year amid the country’s trial against Jair Bolsonaro. They also underscored Trump’s appointment last year of Darren Beattie as a senior advisor on Brazil issues in the State Department. Beattie, a noted far-right extremist and white supremacist,” they write, “came into this post with a clear record of public statements signaling an overt ideological commitment to undermining Brazil’s democratic institutions.” The congressional representative singled out Trump’s current tariffs, his meeting with Flavio Bolsonaro at the White House, and his designation of the Brazilian drug gangs as foreign terrorist organizations.

They write, “Given the Trump administration’s repeated military strikes in the region, justified in part by alleged foreign terrorist organization threats to US security, the designation has also fueled fears of potential US military intervention.” They recall comments from White House Press Secretary Caroline Levitt last year that threatened Brazil could potentially face the United States’ military might.

US military action in Brazil isn’t likely, but it’s not out of the question. Nothing is under Trump’s Dunro doctrine. The lawmakers highlight that Brazil is just the latest in a quote, deeply troubling pattern of interference by the United States in foreign elections, including in Argentina, Honduras, and Columbia. Rather than helping defend democracy, they write, the United States is acting as an agent of interference and destabilization using diplomatic economic and political pressure in ways that risk weakening the country’s democratic institutions, undermining confidence in Brazil’s electoral process and inflicting further damage on our relationship with a strategic US ally and trading partner. They demand that Washington commit to recognizing the certified election results. Here’s the thing, the stakes are high. Remember Igor Fusser? He’s the professor I met at the Sao Paulo Cafe. He told me, “It’s clear that the United States is doing everything and will do everything possible to prevent the reelection of Lula in the next elections.” And Igor told me there was a reason for that, because if Flavio Bolsonaro wins, he will bow to Trump and the United States.

Igor says, “Brazil will become a country under the tutelage of the United States, a colony or almost a colony of the US as already happened with Argentina, Columbia, Venezuela, and many others. And if Lula is victorious in these elections, we will live a very intense period of confrontation between the two countries,” he says. And Igor has a really interesting analysis here. He says, “The US dominance over Latin America imposed by Trump is analogous to the control of the Soviet Union over the Eastern block countries during the Cold War under a Russian foreign policy imposed by Soviet leader Leonid Brezniv in 1968.” He says, “Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, all of those countries were formally independent nations with their own government, their own laws, their own representation in the United Nations, but these countries were not autonomous. They didn’t have sovereignty. Any movement that they made that clashed with the interests of the Soviet Union was repressed.

Some of them were even invaded,” he says. “So we’re living in Latin America, a Breznev doctrine, capitalist, imperialist, dictated by Donald Trump. “That is why this election is so important. Brazil is the outlier, the counterweight to the United States and the region, and the US is fighting hard to bring it to heel.

We’re going to see this all unfold not in a couple of months or weeks, but in just a few days. The first round of the election is on October 4th. Brazilians are voting for their president and vice president. They’re also voting for all of the country state governors, all 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies, two-thirds of senators, and more than a thousand state assembly seats. Lula is ahead in the race, but he appears shy of the 50% needed to win outright. If no presidential candidate wins more than half of the vote, it’ll go to a second round. There, polls show the margin between Lula and Bolsonaro even tighter, and it will undoubtedly be a tough campaign. The second round, if it’s needed, is on October 25th.

That is all for this episode of Under the Shadow. Things are going to get intense in the coming days. Please consider following our new website, Pan-American Dispatch and our social media accounts for ongoing reporting on Brazil and these elections. Some of the reporting in this episode was based off of stories I produced recently for the world and The Real News. Many thanks to those outlets for all that they do. Let me remind you that if you’re craving even more backstory here, you can always go back and listen to episode 12 of the second season of Under the Shadow about Brazil’s fight against fake news in the country and the US attempt to roll it back. And please also consider checking out my 2022 podcast about Brazil under Bolsonaro. It’s called Brazil on Fire. It’s still totally relevant today. You can find that wherever you listen.

As always, you can find me at patreon.com/mfox.

There you can also support my work, become a monthly sustainer, or sign up to stay abreast of all the latest on this podcast and my other reporting across Latin America. You can find a ton of content there exclusively also for my supporters. If you’re looking for more information, news and reporting on Trump’s onslaught, both in communities within the United States and abroad, please check out The Real News and NACLA. Both of them are publishing daily indispensable reporting. The theme music is by my band, Monte Perdido. You can find us on Spotify or wherever you stream music. This closing song playing right now is off our 2024 album, Ofrenda. I hope you check it out. Under the shadows of co-production of The Real News and NACLA, it’s produced in partnership with Global Exchange. This episode was written, researched, reported, and produced by me, Michael Fox. The script was edited by Heather Geis.

Thanks for listening. See you next time.

Laura and Cristina, a Brazilian couple with four kids: ‘If Bolsonaro wins we will be a bunker of resistance’

1 October 2026 at 15:08

It’s Saturday night in Rio de Janeiro’s financial district and there are nothing but closed offices and dark streets, but around a corner, a three-story house lit in the colors of the rainbow appears. In front, a boisterous crowd is spread between tables, and there is even a sofa set out on the street. This is the atmosphere of Queerioca, a cultural center that has become the epicenter of Rio’s LGTBIQ+ community. There’s a DJ, laughter and caipirinhas, but also T-shirts bearing the face of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and some tension in the air. Brazil is holding general elections with the first round scheduled for Sunday, and the far right is knocking at the door.

Seguir leyendo

© Ana Alexandrino

Actresses Cristina Flores and Laura Castro, mothers of four kids, pose at Queerioca, the LGBTQ+ cultural center they run in Rio, in a photo provided by them.
❌