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The terrifying true stories that inspired your favorite horror movies

the exorcist
"The Exorcist."

Warner Bros.

  • Horror films have produced some of the most iconic figures in pop culture.
  • But not all scary movies are completely fictional; some are actually based on real life.
  • "The Conjuring" was based on the real-life Perron family in Rhode Island.

Horror movies are reliably successful at the box office — just look at "Obsession" and "Backrooms" this year.

They often have relatively low budgets, deliver strong box-office returns, and can create IP that leads to sequels and spin-offs for years to come. Plus, when Halloween rolls around, costumes and masks provide another bump to a studio's bottom line.

But creating a completely original, compelling, and terrifying horror story can be challenging. That's why some of the most iconic and successful scary movies are based on real-world events.

For example, "The Conjuring" franchise is based on the case files of real paranormal investigators Lorraine and Ed Warren. In total, the films have made almost $3 billion at the box office.

These are the real stories and crimes that influenced some of the most classic horror films of all time, including "The Exorcist," "Nightmare on Elm Street," and "Jaws."

"The Conjuring" is about the Perron family and the traumatic experiences they're having in their new Rhode Island home.
Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga as Ed and Lorraine Warren.
Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga as Ed and Lorraine Warren.

Warner Bros.

The Perrons (husband Roger, wife Carolyn, and their five daughters) moved into what was known as the Old Arnold Estate in 1971, The Providence Journal reported.

Almost immediately, the family reported paranormal activity, such as floating or moving furniture, doors opening and closing, disembodied sounds, and even being pushed, pulled, and hurt by unseen spirits.

Upon calling in paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren, they found that the property was haunted by various ghosts, but that one particularly malevolent spirit, Bathsheba, was preying on them.

Bathsheba Sherman, who lived on the property in the 1800s, has been described as a suspected Satanist who was charged with the violent murder of her first child, though historians say she was never convicted of a crime or accused of witchcraft.

The property sold for $1.5 million in 2022. It has since been acquired by "Ghost Hunters" star Jason Hawes for $1.3 million, according to land records.

"The Conjuring 2" is about a girl being possessed by a demon in London.
the conjuring 2 nun image

New Line Cinema

The Hodgson family reported experiencing unusual phenomena in their London home in August 1977, such as furniture flying through the air, and objects hurling toward witnesses, The Daily Mail reported.

Most famously, however, Janet, one of four Hodgson children, claimed she was being possessed by a man named Bill Wilkins — it was later confirmed that a man by that name did, in fact, live in the house and died there of a brain hemorrhage, People reported.

While Janet later said that around "2%" of the haunting was made up, she maintains that the Enfield Poltergeist was real.

You can listen to audio of her while she claimed she was possessed to make up your own mind.

The third film is "The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It," which is about the real trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson.
the conjuring the devil made me do it

Warner Bros.

In the third "Conjuring" film, Ed and Lorraine are tasked with helping a young man, Arne, who murdered his landlord after getting possessed by a demon, which Ed witnessed. In his trial, the Warrens supported Arne using the defense of demonic possession, a first in the United States.

This is based on the real case of 19-year-old Johnson, who really did murder his landlord in 1981 and subsequently claimed he was innocent because he'd been possessed, as reported at the time by The New York Times.

Johnson (and the Warrens) claimed that a demon was exorcised from the body of 11-year-old David Glatzel and then moved to Johnson. His girlfriend claimed she heard Johnson challenge the demon itself to leave Glatzel and possess him instead.

Several months after Johnson's encounter with Warrens and the Glatzels, he stabbed his landlord to death, and then claimed he had no memory of the crime and was possessed.

In reality, this defense was rejected; his lawyers then pivoted toward the self-defense strategy, and he was convicted of manslaughter. He served five years in prison.

The fourth main film, "The Conjuring: Last Rites," is based on the Smurl haunting in the '70s and '80s.
the conjuring last rites
"The Conjuring: Last Rites."

Warner Bros. Pictures

In what's supposed to be the final cinematic appearance of Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga as the Warrens, "Last Rites" is a loose adaptation of the alleged Smurl haunting, which took place in West Pittson, Pennsylvania.

Per The Times Leader, Jack and Janet Smurl, played by Elliot Cowan and Rebecca Calder, respectively, called the Warrens to their home in 1986 to address claims that a demon had slammed their 75-pound German shepherd into a wall, threw one of their children down the stairs, and even bitten Jack's ear.

"The Smurls are truly a family coming under a visual attack," Ed Warren said at the time. "The ghost, devil, demon — or whatever you call it — is in that home."

An exorcism was performed in that year, but it was, apparently, unsuccessful.

Of course, the Smurls had plenty of doubters, including a priest who stayed in their home for two nights and reported nothing suspicious. The Smurls eventually left West Pittson and moved to Wilkes-Barre, about 10 miles away.

The film dramatizes this story, but is mainly focused on passing the demon-hunting torch from Ed and Lorraine to their daughter, Judy (Mia Tomlinson).

"Annabelle," "Annabelle: Creation," and "Annabelle Comes Home" tell the story of an evil doll that terrorizes her owner.
annabelle

New Line Cinema

Annabelle is a doll believed to be imbued with an evil spirit. While the real-life Raggedy Ann doll (viewable at The Haunted Warren Museum in Salem, Massachusetts) is much less creepy-looking than her movie counterpart, she is said to have terrorized her owner.

According to The New Haven Register, the story of the doll begins in 1970, when a nurse received it as a birthday gift from her mother. She soon began to notice that the doll would change positions by itself. She then started finding creepy notes with messages like "Help me" written on them. And she claimed she once found the doll leaking blood.

Once again, the Warrens were contacted for help. According to them, the doll wasn't possessed, but it was being manipulated by a spirit. They cleansed the home and took the doll to their museum, where it remains to this day.

"The Amityville Horror" connects the murders of the DeFeo family with a demonic presence in the house.
amityville horror home

Paul Hawthorne/Getty Images

On November 13, 1974, at 3:15 a.m., Ronald DeFeo Jr. stole his father's gun and murdered his family in their home in Amityville, New York, claiming that voices in the house made him do it, according to PIX11.

He was later convicted and sentenced to 25 years to life in prison. He died in 2021.

A year after the murders, in 1975, the Lutz family moved into the home and claimed to experience paranormal activity almost immediately, per ABC News.

George — the patriarch of the Lutz family — claimed to wake up frequently at 3:15 a.m. (the time of the murders) and hear gunshots. His daughter Missy gained an imaginary friend named Jodie. Missy says she did not know anything about the murders at the time.

The Lutz family fled their home only 28 days after moving in, sparking one of the greatest debates in paranormal history: Is the Amityville home haunted?

"The Haunting in Connecticut" is about a family that moves into a former funeral home, which turns out to be haunted.
haunting in connecticut

Lionsgate

"The Haunting in Connecticut" is based on the plight of the Snedeker family. Their name was changed to Campbell in the movie.

NBC Connecticut reported the Snedekers moved into a new home in the '80s to be closer to the University of Connecticut's hospital, since their son Phillip was undergoing treatment for cancer. The family soon realized that the house they had moved into used to be a funeral home.

According to his mother, Carmen, Phillip quickly became withdrawn and angry and started seeing a ghostly man who would tell him to lash out.

He was later committed due to a schizophrenia diagnosis. But after Phillip left, things reportedly got a lot worse for the rest of the family.

They eventually called in a priest — as well as the Warrens — to perform an exorcism.

"Veronica" is about a Spanish teenager who used an Ouija board to contact a dead loved one with disastrous consequences.
Veronica movie school Netflix

Sony Pictures

The film is based on a real Spanish teenager whose death was never solved, as Business Insider previously wrote.

In 1992, a student named Estefania Gutierrez performed a "makeshift séance" at her high school. A few months later, she died in the hospital after experiencing seizures and claiming to see shadowy figures.

The story gets even stranger: A year after Gutierrez died, her parents called the police because they were experiencing paranormal activity, similar to the shadowy figures their daughter had reported.

The police were skeptical until they, too, heard disembodied noises. According to Newsweek, the official report called the home "a situation of mystery and rarity."

"The Strangers" is a terrifying look into the mindset of monsters who commit crimes just because they can.
the strangers

Rogue Pictures

The poster for "The Strangers" claims that the film was "inspired by true events," though it's more of an amalgam of a few terrifying true tales.

Director Bryan Bertino said he drew his main inspiration from an experience from his childhood, according to the film's production notes.

"As a kid, I lived in a house on a street in the middle of nowhere. One night, while our parents were out, somebody knocked on the front door and my little sister answered it. At the door were some people asking for somebody that didn't live there. We later found out that these people were knocking on doors in the area and, if no one was home, breaking into the houses," said Bertino.

Fans of the film have also compared it to the Manson murders and the unsolved murders of the Sharp family, known as the Keddie Cabin Murders.

"The Exorcist," one of the most beloved horror films of all time, is about a preteen girl who becomes possessed by a demon.
the exorcist

Warner Bros.

"The Exorcist," is based on the story of a 14-year-old boy known as Roland Doe, who began exhibiting strange behavior in 1949, according to The New York Post. His family reported furniture moving on its own, scratches all over Doe's body, and loud, disembodied voices.

After a cross-country move and no change in Doe's strange behavior, his family enlisted the help of the Catholic church. One of the priests involved in the Doe case, Father Raymond Bishop, kept a diary, per The Daily Mail.

One of his entries stated, "At midnight, the Fathers planned to give (Roland) Holy Communion, but Satan would have no part of it. Even while the institution of the Blessed Sacrament was explained, his body was badly scratched and branded. The word 'HELLO' was printed on his chest and thigh."

Eventually, after multiple attempts, the "demon" was exorcised, and Doe returned to normal. He never spoke of the incident publicly.

His real identity was revealed by The Skeptical Inquirer in 2021: Ronald E. Hunkeler. Hunkeler died in 2020 at the age of 86. Before that, he'd been an engineer at NASA and, according to The New York Post, was always afraid his colleagues would find out about his past.

"The Exorcism of Emily Rose" is also about a girl possessed by a demon.
the exorcism of emily rose

Sony Pictures Releasing

The story of Anneliese Michel, a young German woman — renamed Emily Rose in the film — is tragic.

When Michel was a teenager, she experienced the first symptoms of her alleged possession. She was diagnosed with epilepsy, and given medication to help treat the disease, according to The Washington Post.

But the meds didn't help. Michel continued to have seizures, and she began to claim she was having visions and hearing voices telling her she was a sinner. She became depressed and turned to religion: At her peak, she was genuflecting (kneeling) 600 times a day, eventually rupturing her knee ligaments.

By the time Michel was 23, she had been treated with dozens of different medications (nothing helped), and had undergone 67 exorcisms in 10 months, the Post reported.

She eventually stopped eating and died of starvation in 1976. She weighed 68 pounds.

Her parents and two of her priests were later found guilty of negligent homicide for allowing her to starve, per the German outlet DW.

"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" is about a group of hitchhikers who pick the wrong family to catch a ride from — they end up being cannibals.
texas chainsaw massacre

Bryanston Distributing

The main villain of "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" is Leatherface, who was based on real-life killer Ed Gein.

Gein, who grew up in La Crosse, Wisconsin, in the early 1900s, was obsessed with his mother; he rarely interacted with anyone besides her, and when she died, he spiraled, per Encyclopedia  Britannica.

Known as "the Butcher of Plainfield," he confessed to killing two women, but, more disturbingly, he took to robbing the graves of recently buried women.

He used their body parts to create something like a woman suit that he wore, pretending to be his mother, according to the book "Deviant." He also had lamps, belts, and bowls made out of human body parts.

Gein's story also partly inspired "Psycho" and "The Silence of the Lambs."

"Poltergeist" tells the story of a family who buys a haunted house built on top of a Native American burial ground.
poltergeist clown doll

MGM/UA Entertainment Company

The plot of 1982 classic "Poltergeist" was based on the Hermann family of Long Island, New York, who claimed to be haunted by a poltergeist that made objects fly through their home, according to Life Magazine.

The Hermann family eventually moved away, but they maintained that the house was haunted.

"When a Stranger Calls" is about a babysitter who's being terrorized by a mysterious caller inside the house with her.
when a stranger calls

Screen Gems

The film is based on the real unsolved murder of 13-year-old Janett Christman in 1950.

As the Columbia Daily Tribune wrote, Christman was babysitting 3-year-old Greg Romack when she called the Columbia Police Department and told them to "come quick," but she hung up before the police could trace her call.

When the Romacks returned home, they discovered Christman's body in a pool of blood. She had been raped and strangled with a cord. The police eventually ruled that it had been an "inside job" — the killer knew the house and its layout well.

"Dead Ringers" explores the mysterious deaths of a pair of co-dependent twin brothers.
dead ringers

Twentieth Century Fox

The Marcus twins shared a gynecology practice, an apartment in New York City, a house in the Hamptons — and eventually their deaths.

Apparently, 45-year-old Stewart and Cyril Marcus were addicted to barbiturates; when their decomposing bodies were found, their mysterious deaths were first ruled as being caused by an overdose, then by withdrawal (they may have been attempting to wean themselves off the drugs), The New York Times wrote.

The medical examiner told The New York Times that Cyril outlived his brother by a couple of days, and continued to live in the apartment before eventually dying himself. 

The film received a TV reboot on Prime Video in 2023, starring Rachel Weisz.

"Jaws" is the story of a small beachside town that's being terrorized by a vengeful shark.
jaws

Jaws/IMDB

The terrifying tale of the most famous great white shark ever is based upon a string of shark attacks on the Jersey Shore in 1916.

According to Smithsonian Magazine, 25-year-old Charles Vansant bled to death from a bite in Beach Haven, New Jersey. Five days later — and 45 miles north — a bellhop from Spring Lake also bled to death from a shark bite. 

The story only gets more terrifying. The same shark then swam 30 miles north and 10 miles inland, killing both a boy and a man trying to save the boy in a creek, NJ.com wrote.

Finally, the fifth victim was attacked 30 minutes later in the same creek — he survived.

According to NJ.com, George Burgess, an ichthyologist (a scientist who concentrates on the study of fish), called it the "most unique set of shark attacks that have ever occurred. "

"The Girl Next Door" is about a boy who tries to save his neighbor from her twisted adopted family.
the girl next door

Modern Distributors

The murder of Sylvia Likens is known as the "worst crime in Indiana history," the Indy Star reported. Likens was just 16 when she was found dead in the basement of her temporary home.

Her carnival-worker parents left Sylvia and her sister in the care of Gertrude Baniszewski, a mother of seven, paying Baniszewski by the week.

Three months later, on October 26, 1965, police found Sylvia's emaciated corpse, apparently covered in hundreds of wounds, Indianapolis Monthly wrote. Baniszewski — with the help of some of her children and a few neighborhood kids — had tortured the girl to death.

Baniszewski was sentenced to 21 years in prison, but she was eventually released on parole. The rest of the children who were involved served between two and seven years.

"The Possession" is the tale of a family being tortured by a demon inside a dybbuk box.
the possession

Lionsgate

Jason Haxton bought the dybbuk box on eBay after an earlier owner posted a chilling account of the events that allegedly befell him after he bought it at an estate sale, My San Antonio reported.

He claimed that he bought the box for his mom's birthday and that she almost instantaneously had a stroke upon receiving it, Riverfront Times reported.

He also claimed that the final straw that inspired him to get rid of the box was when his sister, brother, and brother's wife all stayed over, and each one reported having the same exact nightmare, according to a reposting of the original eBay listing.

You might be wondering what exactly a dybbuk is. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, it's a "disembodied human spirit that, because of former sins, wanders restlessly until it finds a haven in the body of a living person," originating in Jewish folklore.

"The Rite" is based upon the life of a real priest, Father Gary Thomas, and his time at the Vatican while training to become an exorcist.
the rite

Warner Bros.

"The Rite" is based on the life of Father Gary Thomas, a priest who is one of 14 Vatican-certified exorcists who works in the US, the Los Angeles Times reported. Thomas told the Times he's exorcised the demons from five people, and that he receives multiple requests for exorcisms daily.

Father Thomas trained for three months in Rome to become a certified exorcist, completing his training in 2005, The Telegraph wrote.

Similarly, the 2023 film "The Pope's Exorcist" is based on the life of real-life priest Father Gabriele Amorth.
Russell Crowe as Father Gabriele Amorth stands in the foreground while another priest and a lamp are in the background.
Russell Crowe as Father Gabriele Amorth in a scene from Screen Gems' "The Pope's Exorcist."

Jonathan Hession/Sony Pictures via AP

Russell Crowe played Amorth in the 2023 film "The Pope's Exorcist," which was based on Amorth's memoirs, "An Exorcist Tells His Story" and "An Exorcist: More Stories."

Smithsonian Magazine wrote that Amorth said he'd performed over 100,000 exorcisms before his death in 2016. He was still performing them that year — and he even let "The Exorcist" director William Friedkin observe one.

Friedkin, who died just a few months after the film's release, wrote about the experience in Vanity Fair. "Out of a hundred people who seek my help," Amorth told Friedkin, "one or two at the most may be possessed."

"Wolf Creek" is about three backpackers in the Australian Outback who unknowingly hitch a ride from a sadistic murderer.
wolf creek

Dimension Films

The horrifying tale of the backpackers in "Wolf Creek" is based on a real string of murders in Australia's Belanglo State Forest in the '90s at the hands of Ivan Milat, aka "the Backpacker Killer."

Milat maintained that he was innocent until his death in 2019, The Daily Mail wrote, but was convicted for torturing and killing at least seven people, all backpackers and hitchhikers. Some think that he killed even more.

"Eaten Alive" is about the owner of a Texas hotel who feeds people to his pet crocodile.
eaten alive

Motion Picture Marketing (MPM)

Eccentric bootlegger Joe Ball owned a Texas bar called the Sociable Inn in the early 1900s. He also kept multiple alligators in an enclosure near the saloon.

A known ladies' man, Ball had relations with various waitresses, bartenders, and hostesses — three of whom went missing. Turns out, Ball had murdered two of them, reported Texas Monthly.

Many believe he then fed them to his pet alligators, though there was never any evidence — his keeping them as pets was enough to cause concern and create rumors.

When the police came around for questioning in 1938, however, he shot himself in the heart, the San Antonio Express-News wrote.

"Open Water" tells the harrowing tale of a couple fighting to stay alive after their boat leaves them behind in the middle of the ocean.
open water

Lions Gate Films

Tom and Eileen Lonergan were scuba diving at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia in 1998 when they were left behind by their boat after someone messed up the head count. They were never heard from again, The Independent wrote.

According to the outlet, the diving company didn't even realize they were missing until two days later, when their passports and other personal effects were found on the boat.

Months after their disappearance, Tom's dive slate was found 100 miles north of their original disappearance. He had written "We have been abandoned" by the diving company, adding "Help!"

Their dive jackets and one of Eileen's fins eventually washed ashore, but there were no signs of a shark attack or any other violent activity.

Some believe they were eaten by sharks, while others maintain that it was a murder-suicide pact.

Their bodies were never found.

"A Nightmare on Elm Street" is best known for bringing Freddy Krueger, a serial killer who murders people in their dreams, into the mainstream.
nightmare on elm street freddy kruger

New Line Cinema

The idea for this iconic franchise came from a Los Angeles Times article that Wes Craven, the film's writer and director, read about a boy who was too terrified to sleep after surviving the Killing Fields in Cambodia.

Here's what Craven said to Vulture about his inspiration: "He told his parents he was afraid that if he slept, the thing chasing him would get him, so he tried to stay awake for days at a time."

Craven continued, "When he finally fell asleep, his parents thought this crisis was over. Then they heard screams in the middle of the night. By the time they got to him, he was dead. He died in the middle of a nightmare. Here was a youngster having a vision of a horror that everyone older was denying. That became the central line of 'Nightmare on Elm Street.'"

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Nvidia's communications team has undergone a shake-up as its public profile exploded

Jensen Huang Nvidia.
Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia.

Bloomberg/Getty Images

  • Nvidia's communications operation has been reshaped as the company became the face of the AI boom.
  • Roughly 15 staffers have left the lean team since 2025 as Nvidia reorganized its communications org.
  • Former employees described growing workloads as responsibilities expanded.

Nvidia's communications organization has been reshaped as the company became the face of the AI boom, with multiple teams brought under new leadership and a string of departures.

Business Insider identified roughly 15 communications employees who have left Nvidia since 2025, based on LinkedIn profiles and interviews with former employees.

The organization now numbers roughly 70 to 80 people globally, and has more than doubled in size since Mylene Mangalindan joined as vice president of corporate communications in 2023, according to a person close to the company.

The departures have also included newer hires. Anna Soellner, who was recruited to lead corporate communications, left after roughly four months, Business Insider previously reported.

Nvidia is known for high retention. It reported companywide turnover of 3.7% in fiscal 2026, up from 2.5% the prior year, and well below the tech industry average of 21.9% cited in its latest sustainability report.

Mangalindan succeeded longtime communications chief Bob Sherbin, who retired in 2024. She previously worked at the advisory firm Brunswick Group.

She was brought in to "bring fresh blood" and "upgrade the team" to meet Nvidia's growing profile, one former employee said.

At the end of 2024, Nvidia restructured its communications organization. It brought enterprise public relations under Mangalindan's leadership alongside the corporate communications team she already led, according to two former employees.

Corporate communications focuses on Nvidia's reputation and major media outlets, while enterprise handles product and industry messaging, including for its data center business.

One former employee said the consolidation reflected the growing importance of Nvidia's data center business, which sells chips and systems that power AI and had become its biggest revenue driver.

Analyst relations, social media, and influencer marketing also moved under Mangalindan's remit this year, another former employee said.

Three former employees said Nvidia's communications team had long operated with relatively lean staffing, even as workloads grew alongside the company's public profile, leaving staff juggling multiple responsibilities.

These employees said they experienced long hours, difficulty taking time off, and pressure to respond quickly to emails and Slack messages.

A person close to Nvidia said the company's lean staffing allows employees to move quickly and also requires long hours. The person said Mangalindan encourages staff to take vacation, though the team's small size can make scheduling time off difficult, particularly in the summer.

Nvidia is widely known for its demanding work environment. CEO Jensen Huang has emphasized operating at the "speed of light" and is known for fostering a culture of constant accountability.

Have a tip? Contact this reporter via email at gweiss@businessinsider.com or Signal at @geoffweiss.25. Use a personal email address, a nonwork WiFi network, and a nonwork device; here's our guide to sharing information securely.

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A US Army general says he had a change of heart about high-flying balloons after seeing them in action

A surveillance balloon inflating with the US army and partners.
An Urban Sky High-Altitude Balloon system inflates during an international training exercise in the Philippines.

Staff Sgt. Brandon Rickert/US Army

  • The US Army is expanding its use of high-altitude balloons for surveillance and communications.
  • The balloons can operate 60,000 to 100,000 feet above Earth, providing space-like capabilities.
  • Army officials plan more experiments as the service expands its space warfare ranks.

The US Army is looking to expand its use of high-altitude balloons as the service builds out its capabilities near and in outer space.

These balloons operate in the stratosphere, roughly 60,000 to 100,000 feet above Earth, the space in between where conventional aircraft fly and satellites. Army officials say they see an opportunity to use the balloons to deliver satellite-like surveillance and communication capabilities closer to the battlefield.

Lt. Gen. John Rafferty, commander of Army Space and Missile Defense Command, said he was initially skeptical of the technology. He recalled hearing proposals to use high-altitude balloons while serving in what was then Army Futures Command and questioning whether they'd prove practical.

The general's view, however, changed after he saw the balloons hold their positions and conduct high-altitude surveillance during a training exercise.

"I went from nowhere to a huge believer very quickly once I saw them in action," Rafferty said at this week's Association of the United States Army conference in Washington, DC.

The Army is exploring a range of balloon systems for different missions, from surveillance and communications to supporting long-range strikes.

Col. Joseph Mroszczyk, who oversees the efforts to integrate emerging space capabilities into Army operations as the director of Transformation Integration Space Superiority, said at AUSA that he wants a "family of stratospheric systems."

Unlike satellites, which travel set paths in orbit, high-altitude balloons can exploit different wind currents to maneuver or maintain a presence over an area of interest, he said.

Mroszczyk said the Army could use favorable winds to position balloons carrying sensors, communications equipment, or payloads supporting strikes.

"What that enables us to provide is space-like capabilities, really exploiting a transition point between what is normally considered the aerial layer and the space domain," he said.

Operating at those altitudes could give the Army persistent coverage across large areas from the stratosphere without relying exclusively on satellites or conventional aircraft.

The Army plans to conduct multiple experiments involving various stratospheric systems over the coming year, building on tests conducted in Europe and the Pacific. The service has also experimented with the technology alongside combat operations in the Middle East, a senior Army official told Breaking Defense earlier this week.

Those efforts followed the cancellation of a large-scale balloon demonstration planned for the Indo-Pacific last year.

The growing interest in high-altitude balloons comes as the Army expands its role in space and near-space operations, with ground forces increasingly reliant on space-based capabilities for navigation, communications, and intelligence.

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HALF A MOOCH: Katie Zacharia is out after 5 days as White House press secretary

Katie Zacharia.
Katie Zacharia.

Jim WATSON / AFP via Getty Images

  • President Donald Trump said he told Katie Zacharia to reconsider the White House press secretary job.
  • Shortly after, a White House official said she is "transitioning out" of the role.
  • She lasted five days in the role after mounting scrutiny over her legal credentials.

Embattled White House press secretary Katie Zacharia is out of the job after just five days, making her the shortest-tenured person to hold the role in history.

President Donald Trump said on Friday that he told Zacharia to reconsider taking on the high-profile job.

Shortly after his statements, The New York Times and CNN reported that Zacharia had been fired after less than a week in the role. A White House official told Business Insider that she is "transitioning out" of the role.

"I said to Katie just two minutes ago, I said, 'Katie, you know, you don't have to do this if you don't want,'" Trump told reporters at the White House, adding that Zacharia responded that the job is "a lot tougher" than she thought.

"I said to her, 'Honestly, if I were you, I'd reconsider. You think about it, but I would reconsider,'" Trump said.

A conservative commentator who has repeatedly described herself as a lawyer, Zacharia made her White House press briefing debut on Tuesday and quickly came under intense scrutiny over her legal credentials.

She was widely panned after the roughly 14-minute briefing, most of which was spent on reading from prepared remarks. After the briefing, while alongside Trump, Zacharia was asked which state she passed the bar exam in and replied, "When I moved to China," raising eyebrows.

National headlines soon followed reports that Zacharia had not been licensed to practice law in any US jurisdiction.

On Thursday, Zacharia said she took the bar exam but failed, and never retook it.

Trump told reporters on Friday that Zacharia had been treated "very badly" and "very unfairly" by the media.

"She's been treated very rough, and she's a nice person, very nice person," the president said. "I've watched her for years on television, but I said, 'Is this for you, Katie? Because, honestly, you don't need this.'"

"She's been treated, I would say, very nastily," he said.

A rocky start

Following her first briefing, CNN reported that "several White House officials" were questioning how long she could remain in the role.

The news of Zacharia's ouster means Trump will be searching for a top spokesperson again after Karoline Leavitt left the role in August.

Previously, Jonathan Daniels held the record for shortest tenure. Daniels served as White House press secretary for just 19 days before President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office. (He briefly served in an interim capacity for President Harry Truman.)

In the modern era, press secretaries have historically served roughly a year in the role, a fact that CNN noted when Trump's first-ever White House press secretary, Sean Spicer, departed after 182 days in August 2017.

During the first Trump administration, Anthony Scaramucci famously spent just 11 days as the White House communications director before he was booted from the position.

Scaramucci, known as "The Mooch," weighed in on Zacharia's departure in an X post, writing, "Records are made to be broken. But I take no pleasure in other people's pain."

Before becoming press secretary, Zacharia worked for Trump Media, the parent company of Truth Social, and served a brief stint at the Department of Homeland Security.

Compared to her predecessors, her résumé was void of the campaign and Capitol Hill experience that previous White House press secretaries brought to the challenging role.

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How Princess Charlene of Monaco's style has evolved, from her days as an Olympic athlete to a European princess

Princess Charlene at the 20th Anniversary Gala Of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.
Princess Charlene at the 20th Anniversary Gala Of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.

Arnold Jerocki/Getty Images

  • Princess Charlene of Monaco hasn't always been as fashionable as she is now.
  • Before marrying Prince Albert, Charlene was an Olympic swimmer representing South Africa.
  • Finding her "fashion feet" was a challenge, Charlene said — but now she's embraced daring looks.

When Princess Charlene married Prince Albert of Monaco in 2011, her life changed.

Once best known as an Olympic swimmer representing South Africa, she was reintroduced to the world as a princess.

The official Monaco royal website says she was born Charlene Lynette Wittstock on January 25, 1978, in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. At age 12, she moved to South Africa with her parents and her younger brothers.

There, she began forging a career as a swimmer, taking home several awards at the 1997 South African championship, including the coveted title of best female swimmer.

Charlene went on to represent South Africa at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. As fate would have it, her future husband, Albert, was there as a spectator — though the pair wouldn't officially cross paths until she visited Monaco for a swimming competition later that year. They eventually married and later had twins, Prince Jacques and Princess Gabriella.

However, marrying into a royal family came with certain lifestyle adjustments, including Charlene's sense of style.

From her days as an Olympic athlete to being one of the most recognized princesses around the world, here's a closer look at how Charlene's fashion has evolved.

In 2001, Charlene was still very much in her athletic era.
Princess Charlene pictured in South Africa on June 28, 2001.
Princess Charlene pictured in South Africa on June 28, 2001.

Terry Shean/Sunday Times/Gallo Images via Getty Images

She was photographed in South Africa wearing a laid-back look that consisted of gray sweatpants, a navy-blue windbreaker, and Nike sneakers.

Later that year, she maintained her sporty style on the front cover of South African Sports Illustrated.
Princess Charlene poses for a portrait shoot for South African Sports Illustrated in November 2001 in South Africa.
Princess Charlene poses for a portrait shoot for South African Sports Illustrated in November 2001 in South Africa.

Jacques Weyers/SA Sports Illustrated/Touchline/ Getty Images

For the photo shoot, Charlene wore a sporty red tank top, white flared jeans, and a sailor hat. In keeping with the easygoing, nautical aesthetic of the shoot, she opted to go barefoot.

Charlene and Albert made their first public appearance as a couple at a 2006 F1 Monaco Grand Prix party.
Charlene with Albert at the Automobile Club party following the F1 Grand Prix in Monaco.
Charlene with Albert at the Automobile Club party following the F1 Grand Prix in Monaco on May 28, 2006.

BENAINOUS/CATARINA/LEGRAND/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images

For the big night, she wore a black floor-length gown that was elegant and a world away from Charlene's previous ensembles.

It featured a sweetheart neckline and a long skirt with a lace-lined slit that reached her knees.

She paired the gown with silver drop earrings and a matching clutch.

Charlene brushed shoulders with fashion heavyweights like Karl Lagerfeld at the 2007 Monaco Red Cross ball — but she went on to regret her look.
Charlene Wittstock at the Monaco Red Cross Ball on August 4, 2006.
Charlene Wittstock at the Monaco Red Cross Ball on August 4, 2006.

Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images

For her first appearance at Monaco's annual Red Cross Ball, Charlene wore a sparkly, semi-sheer, backless ball gown that she borrowed from a friend, she told Tatler in 2010.

Reflecting on the look, Charlene wasn't exactly fond of her choice. "I looked like a Christmas tree," she said.

"I was used to living in a swimsuit and totally clueless about fashion. The day of the ball, I had been playing volleyball all day on the beach and didn't think about getting ready until late in the afternoon," Charlene added.

In a separate interview with Vogue before her 2011 wedding, Charlene remembered the outfit as one of her least favorites.

"Finding my fashion feet has certainly been the biggest challenge," she said. "I realize that my debut into Monaco society should have been better executed!"

Charlene ditched sparkly gowns for cargo shorts and a light-blue polo later that year.
Charlene Wittstock coaching children at a training session in Richards Bay, South Africa.
Charlene Wittstock coaching children at a training session on December 2, 2006, in Richards Bay, South Africa.

Barry Tuck/Gallo Images/Getty Images

She wore the casual ensemble during a visit to Richards Bay, South Africa, to teach swimming lessons to children.

Charlene opted for a more daring look at the 2007 closing ceremony of the Small European States Games.
Prince Albert and Charlene in Monaco on June 9, 2007.
Prince Albert and Charlene in Monaco on June 9, 2007.

LEGRAND/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Image

For the event, she wore a black, strapless bustier top over asymmetric suit pants that featured a slit on the left leg. She accessorized with a sheer black scarf and a black clutch.

She tapped into the rock-and-roll theme of the 2009 Rose Ball with a bold hairdo and a black bejeweled gown.
Charlene Wittstock and Prince Albert of Monaco in Monte Carlo, Monaco on March 28, 2009.
Charlene Wittstock and Prince Albert of Monaco in Monte Carlo, Monaco on March 28, 2009.

Alain BENAINOUS/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images

Charlene's sleeveless dress featured a daring neckline and colorful jewels. A matching biker glove and a small black clutch completed the ensemble.

Albert and Charlene announced their engagement in June 2010.
Prince Albert II and Charlene Wittstock's official engagement portrait In Monte Carlo, Monaco on June 23, 2010.
Prince Albert II and Charlene Wittstock's official engagement portrait In Monte Carlo, Monaco on June 23, 2010.

Interagences/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images

For the official photographs that accompanied the big news, Charlene wore a colorful, floor-length dress.

The flowy blue-and-green gown was designed by Akris. It was backless and featured an elegant halter neck.

The official portraits also showed her sparkling engagement ring, which featured a three-carat, pear-cut diamond surrounded by smaller round jewels.

For the couple's civil marriage ceremony, Charlene collaborated with Karl Lagerfeld on her powder-blue ensemble, which perfectly complemented her eyes.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert II after their civil marriage ceremony on July 1, 2011 in Monaco.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert II after their civil marriage ceremony on July 1, 2011, in Monaco.

Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images

The ensemble, made of a blazer and palazzo pants, was both regal and reflective of Charlene's sporty aesthetic.

"It's feminine and keeps with tradition yet has a little twist that reflects my personal style," Charlene told Vogue. "I thought it was a nice change to go for trousers instead of a skirt, especially since I'm an athlete and have always kept my clothes clean and simple."

Later, for the grand religious ceremony, she dazzled in a custom-made Giorgio Armani gown that took 2,500 hours to make.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert smile as they leave the palace after their religious wedding ceremony on July 2, 2011, in Monaco.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert smile as they leave the palace after their religious wedding ceremony on July 2, 2011, in Monaco.

Andreas Rentz/Getty Images

The designer told Vogue that the off-the-shoulder gown — which was made of Duchesse silk and silk organza — was covered in 40,000 Swarovski crystals, 30,000 gold stones, and 20,000 mother-of-pearl teardrops.

The look was completed with an intricate silk-tulle veil that took around 100 hours to embroider.

In 2012, the newlyweds made a dapper debut as a married couple on the Oscars red carpet.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert II of Monaco at the 84th Annual Academy Awards held on February 26, 2012 in Hollywood, California.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert II of Monaco at the 84th Annual Academy Awards held on February 26, 2012 in Hollywood, California.

Ethan Miller/Getty Images

For the occasion, Charlene wore a sleeveless, ivory Akris gown that was partially sheer at the top and featured a cutout at the back.

Channeling the regal image of her late mother-in-law, Grace Kelly, Charlene arrived at the 2013 Princess Grace Awards in a striking Ralph Lauren gown.
Princess Charlene of Monaco attends the 2013 Princess Grace Awards Gala on October 30, 2013, in New York City.
Princess Charlene of Monaco attends the 2013 Princess Grace Awards Gala on October 30, 2013, in New York City.

Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images for Princess Grace Foundation

The sleeveless Ralph Lauren gown featured a ruffled halter neck and a small train. She paired it with a simple gold bracelet.

While distributing Christmas gifts to children in Monaco in 2015, Charlene stood out in a beige cape jacket.
Princess Charlene attends the annual Christmas gifts distribution on December 16, 2015, in Monaco.
Princess Charlene attends the annual Christmas gifts distribution on December 16, 2015, in Monaco.

Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images

The princess paired the unique jacket with a black turtleneck, black leggings, and leather knee-length boots.

Charlene arrived at the 2017 Red Cross Ball in a silver, sleeveless jumpsuit designed by Versace.
Princess Charlene at the 69th Monaco Red Cross Ball Gala at Sporting Monte Carlo on July 28, 2017, in Monaco.
Princess Charlene at the 69th Monaco Red Cross Ball Gala at Sporting Monte Carlo on July 28, 2017, in Monaco.

Stephane Cardinale - Corbis/Corbis via Getty Images

Charlene's shimmery, strapless pantsuit — which was designed by Versace — featured semi-sheer, palazzo-style pants.

She wore it with silver sandals, a metallic clutch, and diamond earrings.

She later attended Versace's Spring 2018 show in an asymmetric, chainmail minidress with several daring cutouts.
Princess Charlene attends the Versace show during Milan Fashion Week Spring/Summer 2018 on September 22, 2017 in Milan, Italy.
Princess Charlene attends the Versace show during Milan Fashion Week Spring/Summer 2018 on September 22, 2017 in Milan, Italy.

Venturelli/WireImage

Charlene wore the bold dress with a black leather biker jacket and silver stilettos.

For the 2018 Princess Grace Awards Gala, Charlene ditched gowns and instead wore a black suit with suspenders.
Princess Charlene attends the Princess Grace Awards Gala on October 16, 2018, in New York City.
Princess Charlene attends the Princess Grace Awards Gala on October 16, 2018, in New York City.

Jamie McCarthy/Getty Images for Princess Grace Foundation-USA

She kept the top buttons of her white shirt open and wore her suit jacket casually over her shoulders.

She showed off a brand-new, half-shaved haircut at the 2020 Monaco Christmas gift distribution.
Princess Charlene of Monaco attends the Christmas gift distribution on December 16, 2020, in Monaco.
Princess Charlene of Monaco attends the Christmas gift distribution on December 16, 2020, in Monaco.

SC Pool - Corbis/Corbis via Getty Images

Charlene's hairstyle drew mixed reactions after the annual Christmas event in Monaco. Nevertheless, she told the French magazine Point de Vue that she didn't care for anyone else's opinion.

"This haircut was my decision," she said. "It seems that it has provoked all kinds of comments. But it turns out that I wanted it for a long time. The style pleases me. That's all."

In 2022, she returned to the F1 Monaco Grand Prix racetrack wearing a powder-blue jumpsuit.
Princess Charlene, Princess Gabriella, and Prince Jacques during the F1 Grand Prix of Monaco at Circuit de Monaco on May 29, 2022.
Princess Charlene, Princess Gabriella, and Prince Jacques during the F1 Grand Prix of Monaco at Circuit de Monaco on May 29, 2022.

Arnold Jerocki/FilmMagic

The unique jumpsuit was designed by Terrence Bray. It featured a wide neckline, puffed bell sleeves, and pants so long they covered her feet.

She later put another unique spin on regal attire at a ceremony honoring Monaco National Day.
Princess Charlene of Monaco, Princess Stephanie, and Prince Jacques attend the Monaco National Day on November 19, 2022.
Princess Charlene of Monaco, Princess Stephanie, and Prince Jacques attend the Monaco National Day on November 19, 2022.

David Niviere/PLS Pool/Getty Images

Charlene's eye-catching white coat was designed by one of her go-to brands, Akris.

The princess paired it with a black turtleneck, leather gloves, and a wide-brimmed hat made by British hatmaker Stephen Jones.

For the Monaco National Day gala in 2023, Charlene went for a dazzling ruby-red ensemble.
Charlene of Monaco attends a Gala at the Grimaldi Forum during the Monaco National Day 2023 on November 19, 2023.
Charlene of Monaco attends a Gala at the Grimaldi Forum during the Monaco National Day 2023 on November 19, 2023.

Stephane Cardinale/PLS Pool/Getty Images

The festive dress was designed by DidierAngelo. Charlene coordinated the gown with her lipstick, jewelry, heels, and nail color, all in similar shades of scarlet red.

Red remained her color in 2024.
Prince Albert II of Monaco and Princess Charlene at the F1 Monaco Grand Prix gala dinner.
Prince Albert II of Monaco and Princess Charlene at the F1 Monaco Grand Prix gala dinner.

Marc Piasecki/Getty Images

She attended a gala dinner at the F1 Monaco Grand Prix wearing a custom Louis Vuitton dress.

The vibrant red piece had a straight floor-length skirt, off-the-shoulder long sleeves, and a silver, sequined collar that extended from her shoulders to the gown's neckline.

She wore the outfit with a thick diamond bracelet and matching earrings.

She stunned in lace at the 2025 Rose Ball.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert II at the 2025 Rose Ball.
Princess Charlene and Prince Albert II at the 2025 Rose Ball.

PLS Pool/Getty Images

Her Dolce & Gabbana gown was truly unique with two distinct layers. It featured a strapless velvet gown beneath a layer of green lace.

The latter had a single puffed sleeve and a velvet belt that matched her dress.

Charlene completed the look with black pumps and emerald earrings.

Charlene looked chic at a religious ceremony in January.
Princess Charlene at the 2026 Ceremony Of The Sainte-Devot in Monaco.
Princess Charlene at the 2026 Ceremony Of The Sainte-Devot in Monaco.

Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images

She attended the 2026 Ceremony of the Sainte-Devote in a navy-blue look that comprised a thick winter coat, a matching scarf, leather gloves, pumps, and a headband.

She also carried a small purse and wore a gold brooch on the bodice of her jacket.

She returned to sparkling eveningwear in September when she attended the 20th Anniversary Gala for the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.
Princess Charlene at the 20th Anniversary Gala Of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.
Princess Charlene at the 20th Anniversary Gala Of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.

Arnold Jerocki/Getty Images

Charlene was photographed arriving at the event in a black Jenny Packham gown, one of Kate Middleton's favorite designers.

The elegant design featured a floor-length skirt, a strapless neckline, and a beaded mesh overlay that covered her shoulders and added short sleeves to the look.

Read the original article on Business Insider

  •  

Want Apple's folding iPhone? 'Duo' you have patience?

iPhone Duo
Apple launched preorders for the iPhone Duo on Friday.

credit should read CFOTO/Future Publishing via Getty Images

  • Preorder sales for Apple's iPhone Duo kicked off on Friday.
  • Unless you pounced, don't expect to receive your shipment in time for Christmas.
  • Shipping dates have slipped into 2027 due to current demand and Apple's initial supply, which was expected to be limited.

Anyone purchasing an Apple iPhone Duo online as a Christmas gift may want to find a backup plan.

Expected shipment dates for new orders of the highly anticipated smartphone model have been pushed back to January 25, 2027. That includes iPhone Duos across all available carriers, colors, and storage sizes. For those who pounced on preorders when they went live early Friday morning, shipments will start arriving as early as October 23.

For latecomers, there is always the Hunger Games that is lining up early outside an Apple store on launch day to try to snag in-store inventory. The cheapest version of the foldable phone, with 256 GB of storage, costs $1,999. The model with 2 TB of storage is priced at $3,199.

While early demand for the iPhone Duo is certainly a factor in pushing back shipping dates, it's not unusual for new Apple products to see extended shipment times. Apple is also navigating "limited" supply due to supply chain constraints, Bloomberg previously reported.

Then-CEO Tim Cook talked about general supply constraints on Apple's broader product lineup during the company's third-quarter earnings call in July.

"If you look forward into the current quarter, the September quarter, we continue to expect high levels of demand," Cook said, speaking of broader product demand. "However, with less flexibility in the supply chain, we expect the impact from the supply constraints to increase significantly sequentially."

Read the original article on Business Insider

  •  

The most haunted place in every state

Northern State Mental Hospital
From homes and hotels to churches and cemeteries, there are places all over the country that are said to be haunted.

Nomad_Photo/Shutterstock

  • There are places all over the country that are said to be haunted.
  • The Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, now a museum, is said to be haunted by ex-inmates.
  • NBA players have also reported seeing ghosts at the Skirvin Hotel in Oklahoma City.

From homes and hotels to churches, theaters, and cemeteries, there's no shortage of supposedly haunted places across the US.

Nearly every state has its own eerie legends — stories of restless spirits, mysterious footsteps in empty hallways, and unexplained flickering lights that locals swear attest to these spots being haunted.

Many of these sites are also steeped in history, with tragic pasts or notorious events.

Business Insider examined local legends and historic sites to determine the most reportedly haunted locations in every state, with many having reported ghost sightings, strange occurrences, or bloody histories. 

Whether you believe in ghosts or just love a good scare, these haunted places across the US have earned spooky reputations.

Madeline Diamond contributed to an earlier version of this story.

ALABAMA: Sloss Furnaces, Birmingham
Sloss Furnaces in Alabama.
Sloss Furnaces is reportedly haunted.

Stephen Reeves/Shutterstock

The Sloss Furnaces are now a historic national landmark, but in the late 19th century, they produced iron, which was then turned into steel.

James "Slag" Wormwood was the boss at the furnaces, and it's said that he subjected his employees to some inhumane working conditions.

Labor laws didn't exist at the time, and furnace temperatures often exceeded 100 degrees. A total of 47 men died with Wormwood as their boss, and even Wormwood himself lost his life in the furnaces when he slipped and fell into the iron ore, causing his body to melt, Travel South USA reported.

Wormwood and his workers are believed to haunt the furnaces to this day.

ALASKA: Kennecott
Kennecott alaska

cybercrisi/Shutterstock

Kennecott is a remote Alaskan town that's been mostly abandoned since 1950.

The town was a hub for copper mining from 1911 to 1938, but after the area's copper supply was diminished, Kennecott's population dwindled.

Today, many rickety wooden buildings still stand in Kennecott, and many people believe that they are haunted by former miners and railroad workers, the Anchorage Daily News reported.

ARIZONA: Lost Dutchman State Park, Apache Junction
A rainbow over Lost Dutchman State Park
Lost Dutchman State Park

EdwinM/Shutterstock

The Lost Dutchman gold mine is believed to be situated in a state park in Apache Junction, Arizona, although its exact location is unclear.

The park is said to be haunted by the spirits of people who died over the years searching for the mine, the Phoenix New Times reported.

ARKANSAS: Crescent Hotel, Eureka Springs
Crescent Hotel Arkansas
Crescent Hotel in Arkansas.

RaksyBH/Shutterstock

The Crescent Hotel in Eureka Springs, Arkansas, takes pride in its reputation as a haunted hotel.

Guests can join ghost tours and catch a glimpse of several ghosts who reportedly haunt the property, including one known as "the girl in the mist."

CALIFORNIA: Bodie
Abandoned buildings in bodie, california
Bodie, CA

UTBP/Shutterstock

According to the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Bodie, California, is a ghost town turned state park that offers a taste of life during the gold rush of the late 1800s.

Many homes and other buildings are still standing in the town today. Some people believe that the town is haunted by former residents, Legends of America reported.

COLORADO: St. Elmo
st elmo colorado

Nadja Rider/Shutterstock

St. Elmo, Colorado, was a thriving mining town in the late 1800s, though it was abandoned as soon as the area's mines shut down, History Colorado reported.

The ghost town has been well-maintained, allowing visitors to get a sense of life in the late 19th century. They might even catch a glimpse of ghosts of former residents.

There's a particularly popular ghost story about Annabelle Stark, a woman from St. Elmo who is said to have continued living there even after the town was entirely abandoned.

CONNECTICUT: Old Newgate Prison, East Granby
Old Newgate Prison
The remains of Old Newgate Prison.

Shanshan0312/Shutterstock

Connecticut History reported that the Old Newgate Prison was the first prison in the state of Connecticut, operating from 1773 to 1827. Most notably, it once held prisoners of war during the Revolutionary War.

Many people believe that the site is haunted by soldiers and prisoners who died while trying to escape from the prison. 

DELAWARE: Fort Delaware, Delaware City
Fort Delaware

T.J. H./Yelp

Fort Delaware is situated on its own island, accessible only by ferry. It was built as a Union fortress during the Civil War and was later used as a prison for Confederate soldiers.

Many prisoners died while held captive, and their ghosts are believed to haunt the property today, the Delaware News Journal reported.

Paranormal tours are currently being offered on Friday and Saturday nights, but visitors need to make a reservation.

FLORIDA: Old St. Johns County Jail, St. Augustine
Old St. Johns County Jail
Old St. Johns County Jail.

Cindy P./Yelp

The Old St. Johns County Jail no longer houses inmates, although the spirits of many of St. Augustine's violent criminals reportedly still haunt the historic jail.

The jail is now a museum, and visitors can go on nighttime "Old Jail After Dark" tours to try to spot the ghosts for themselves. 

GEORGIA: Lucas Theatre, Savannah
lucas theater georgia

Noah Densmore/Shutterstock

Aside from being a beautiful Southern city with tons of history, Savannah, Georgia, is also said to be haunted.

The Lucas Theatre is just one of the city's haunted locales.

According to a local tour company, visitors to the historic theater have reported ghost sightings, including shadowy figures and sounds of applause, even when there's no one around.

HAWAII: 'Iolani Palace, Honolulu
Iolani Palace Hawaii

Shutterstock

The 'Iolani Palace was once home to Hawaii's royalty, although today it serves as a museum of Hawaiian history.

Queen Lili'uokalani and other Hawaiian royals are said to haunt the palace. One room in the museum is notorious for supernatural activity — visitors have reported hearing mysterious music and chanting, Honolulu Magazine reported.

IDAHO: Old Idaho Penitentiary, Boise
old idaho penitentiary
Old Idaho State Penitentiary in Boise, Idaho.

Frank L Junior/Shutterstock

According to the Idaho State Historical Society, the Old Idaho Penitentiary housed some of the area's most dangerous criminals for over 100 years until it closed in 1973.

Visitors can now explore the expansive property in Boise, including jail cells that are reportedly haunted by former inmates.

ILLINOIS: Congress Plaza Hotel, Chicago
The Congress Plaza Hotel
The Congress Plaza Hotel.

Felix Lipov/Shutterstock

The Congress Plaza Hotel in Chicago, Illinois, has almost too many ghost stories to count. The hotel was built for the World's Fair in 1893, and there have been tales of paranormal activity ever since.

For example, the serial killer H.H. Holmes is said to have lured his victims to the hotel. Hotel guests have also reported seeing the ghosts of Al Capone and a ghost called Peg Leg Johnny around the property, Choose Chicago reported.

And if all that isn't spooky enough, the hotel is reportedly the inspiration behind Stephen King's short story, "1408."

INDIANA: Indiana Medical History Museum, Indianapolis
indiana medical history museum

Lauren W./Yelp

The Indiana Medical History Museum is situated in the oldest surviving pathology building in the United States. It is also said to be haunted by the spirits of former patients of Central State Hospital.

The museum, located in Indianapolis, is home to recreations of amphitheaters and laboratories that were once used by the hospital, which treated a variety of different mental-health-related illnesses from 1848 until the late 1990s, according to the museum.

IOWA: Villisca Ax Murder House, Villisca, Iowa
Villisca Ax Murder House

Mike P./Yelp

According to the house's official website, six members of the Moore family, plus two houseguests, were brutally killed by an ax murderer who was never identified on June 10, 1912. Their restless spirits are said to still haunt the grounds.

Guests can visit the house during the daytime, but to experience it in its full creepiness, you can make a reservation to spend the night.

KANSAS: Stull Cemetery, Stull
Stull Cemetery Kansas

Ayleen Gaspar/Yelp

A haunted cemetery? No surprise there. However, Stull Cemetery in Kansas is known to be particularly spooky. 

The cemetery is located in a tiny, nearly abandoned town outside of Lawrence. It has reportedly been the site of witchcraft and other supernatural activity over the years.

KENTUCKY: Waverly Hills Sanatorium, Louisville
Waverly Hills Sanatorium

Dylan Lovan/AP

The Waverly Hills Sanatorium started as a one-room schoolhouse in the late 1800s. The Board of Tuberculosis Hospital later purchased the land and built the sanatorium, which opened in 1910 as a small quarantine for tuberculosis patients.

The large building that now stands abandoned was built in 1926 to meet the need for a larger facility; the sanatorium could house over 400 patients, according to its website.

Waverly Hills was its own community, complete with a ZIP code, post office, and water treatment facility. Everyone in the sanatorium — patients, nurses, doctors — was cut off from the outside world. It closed in 1961 after the discovery of an antibiotic that cured tuberculosis.

However, it's believed that some patients never left and still haunt the grounds. Visitors can participate in ghost tours on the hospital grounds during the fall season.

LOUISIANA: St. Louis Cemetery No. 1, New Orleans
St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 new orleans
St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Page Light Studios/Shutterstock

One of the most notable people buried at the St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 in New Orleans is Marie Laveau, a voodoo priestess who died in 1881, according to the New Orleans Historical Society.

Given her unique profession, many people believe Laveau's spirit remains present in the cemetery to this day.

Atlas Obscura reported that actor Nicolas Cage bought a burial tomb in the cemetery, so there's no telling about the cemetery's haunted future.

MAINE: Wood Island Lighthouse, Saco
wood island lighthouse

Joseph Sohm/Shutterstock

The Wood Island Lighthouse is one of the many beautiful lighthouses on Maine's coastline. It differs, however, in that it's said to be haunted.

In fact, the television show "Ghost Hunters" visited the lighthouse in 2006 to investigate paranormal activity in the area, according to the official Wood Island Lighthouse website.

MARYLAND: Antietam National Battlefield, Washington County
Antietam Battlefield
Antietam Battlefield.

EsqPro Creative Group/Shutterstock

Many people visit the Antietam National Battlefield in Washington County, Maryland, to learn about the history of the Civil War.

However, others visit to explore the supernatural activity at the site of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.

Given the site's history, it's understandable why many people believe the battlefield is full of spirits. The area is said to be haunted by the ghosts of the soldiers who were killed there in 1862, the Akron Beacon Journal reported.

MASSACHUSETTS: The Mount, Lenox
The Mount
The decorative study room inside The Mount historic museum that is a country house in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Shanshan0312/Shutterstock

The Mount in Lenox, Massachusetts, is a historic estate that was once home to the writer Edith Wharton. Aside from being a beautifully restored architectural masterpiece, the estate also has a haunted history.

When she was alive, Wharton herself often wrote about ghosts, so it's no surprise that her former home may be haunted.

Visitors can see for themselves on one of the estate's ghost tours, both online and, hopefully, in person later this season. 

MICHIGAN: Detroit Masonic Temple, Detroit
detroit masonic temple

summersetretrievers/iStock

From cold spots and doors slamming to odd shadows, the Detroit Masonic Temple reportedly has it all.

One ghost in particular said to haunt the 1,037-room building is that of George D. Mason, one of its architects, according to the Detroit Historical Society.

However, while legend goes that Mason, distraught over financial losses and the death of his wife, died by suicide by jumping off the top of the 210-foot building, the historical society says this isn't true. 

"While the story makes for a great Halloween horror tale, it is not true," the Detroit Historical Society states on its website. "George Mason died in 1948 at 91 years old in his home in the Wilshire Apartment building on Grand Boulevard."

MINNESOTA: Fitzgerald Theater, St. Paul
Fitzgerald Theater
Fitzgerald Theater.

Karl W./Yelp

The Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota, is the oldest surviving theater in the city, and its rich history is accompanied by some ghost stories.

The theater is perhaps best known for its production of Garrison Keillor's variety show, "A Prairie Home Companion," which began in 1974.

Over the years, visitors to the theater have reported sightings of a ghost named Ben, who apparently used to work on the site as a stagehand, Minnesota Haunted Houses reported.

MISSISSIPPI: King's Tavern, Natchez
King’s Tavern

Shantel M./Yelp

King's Tavern in Natchez, Mississippi, now operates as a cooking school where Chef Regina Charboneau hosts cooking classes and dinners, although it once had many stories to accompany its hundreds of years of history, including some that involve ghosts.

According to one blog, the ghost of the mistress of the tavern's first owner — who is said to have been murdered there — reportedly haunted the restaurant.

MISSOURI: Governor's Mansion, Jefferson City
Missouri Governor's Mansion
Missouri Governor's Mansion.

Henryk Sadura/Shutterstock

The Governor's Mansion in Jefferson City, Missouri, is one of the state's most beautiful historic buildings, dating back to 1871.

In 1882, the governor's family experienced a tragedy when their 9-year-old daughter, Carrie, died from diphtheria.

Years later, a construction worker who was renovating the mansion reported seeing a young girl playing in the attic, the News Tribune reported in 2014.

Some people believe that he saw the ghost of Carrie.

MONTANA: Daly Mansion, Hamilton
daly mansion

Mark H./Yelp

Now a popular wedding and event venue, the Daly Mansion has a reportedly haunted history.

Over the years, the staff at the estate have reported occurrences of paranormal activity, including a gold picture frame that is frequently found removed from the wall and placed on the ground, the Billings Gazette reported.

NEBRASKA: Ball Cemetery, Springfield
Tombstones In Cemetery (file photo).
Tombstones In Cemetery (file photo).

Credit: Brais Seara Fernandez/EyeEm/Getty Images

With gravestones in Ball Cemetery dating back to the late 1860s, this historic cemetery is one of the oldest in the state.

Multiple spirits have reportedly been sighted here, including a tall, angry man who has been seen kicking over gravestones and a woman named Mary Mumford, who is said to tug at visitors' clothes, according to Nebraska Haunted Houses.

NEVADA: Bowers Mansion, Washoe City
bowers mansion
Bowers Mansion.

Hank Shiffman/Shutterstock

The Bowers Mansion is a stately home in Washoe City, Nevada, with a spooky history.

The home once belonged to local millionaires Eilley and Sandy Bowers, and, as legend has it, after Sandy died, his wife held seances to try to conjure his spirit, Nevada Ghost Towns and Beyond reported.

It's unclear whether she ever managed to reach her husband, although visitors report seeing mysterious figures around the property to this day. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE: Alton Town Hall, Alton
alton town hall

Google Maps

This historic government building in Alton, New Hampshire, is not only a beautiful landmark but also the site of reported paranormal activity, as New Hampshire Magazine reported in 2020.

Locals have reported seeing furniture that moves, doors that open and close on their own, and hearing mysterious voices. 

NEW JERSEY: Pine Barrens
Pine Barrens
Forests of the New Jersey Pine Barrens.

Jorge Moro/Shutterstock

The Pine Barrens in New Jersey are one of the state's spookiest locations.

Condé Nast Traveler reported that the forest spans seven counties and is home to numerous ghost towns.

During the colonial era, the area was bustling with sawmills, paper mills, and towns to accompany them; however, these industries were all abandoned when coal was discovered in Pennsylvania.

The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that it's also said to be home to the infamous Jersey Devil, a beast that the Pinelands Preservation Alliance describes as "a kangaroo-like creature with the face of a horse, the head of a dog, bat-like wings, horns, and a tail."

NEW MEXICO: The Luna Mansion, Los Lunas
luna mansion in New Mexico
Luna Mansion in New Mexico

The Luna Mansion

The Luna Mansion, a historic 19th-century estate near Albuquerque, New Mexico, operated as a restaurant until closing in 2020. In 2026, the property began preparing to reopen as an event venue under new ownership, with a haunted-house experience planned for October, according to a local news website.

When the site operated as a restaurant, visitors reported seeing ghosts from the estate's past, including a woman named Josefina, who was the home's interior decorator.

Legends of America reported that one sighting included a rocking chair — placed under her portrait — rocking without anyone in it.

"I hear things," general manager Farid Himeur told KOAT in 2017. "I see things that aren't supposed to happen."

NEW YORK: Letchworth Village, Thiells
Letchworth Village
Abandoned building from Letchworth Village.

littlenySTOCK/Shutterstock

Letchworth Village is a former psychiatric hospital that has fallen into a state of complete disrepair, Hudson Valley Magazine reported in 2020.

Located in Thiells, New York, the campus spans 2,000 acres and features various medical buildings, dormitories, and a synagogue.

Like many hospitals and institutions, Letchworth Village is allegedly haunted by the spirits of former patients, and was even featured on the Travel Channel's popular series "Ghost Adventures."

NORTH CAROLINA: Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, Hatteras Island
cape hatteras lighthouse

Hale Kell/Shutterstock

The Cape Hatteras lighthouse is an iconic fixture on the North Carolina coastline, said to be haunted by a woman named Theodosia Burr, according to a local travel website.

Burr, the daughter of Founding Father Aaron Burr and a character mentioned in the hit musical "Hamilton," was killed in a shipwreck in 1812.

She is believed to haunt the lighthouse and the surrounding shore.

The lighthouse is closed for climbing through at least the end of 2026, with plans to potentially reopen in the summer of 2027.

NORTH DAKOTA: Fort Abraham Lincoln, Mandan
Fort Abraham Lincoln
Fort Abraham Lincoln.

Bob Pool/Shutterstock

Fort Abraham Lincoln's history dates back to 1872.

George Armstrong Custer, a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War, built the fort but died just four years after its completion. 

People who visit the fort today have reported seeing the ghost of Custer and his wife on the property, local news station KX News.

OHIO: Moonville Tunnel, Vinton County
Moonville Tunnel
Entrance of the Moonville Tunnel.

CreativEdge/Shutterstock

Now overgrown and covered in graffiti, the Moonville Tunnel is a favorite spot among urban explorers and ghost hunters in Ohio.

The tunnel was once used by the local railroad, although it has been in disrepair for years. According to a local legend, some of the ghosts that haunt the tunnel include an old engineer and a railway brakeman.

OKLAHOMA: The Skirvin Hotel, Oklahoma City
The Skirvin Hilton Oklahoma City
This hotel is a unique landmark in Oklahoma City's skyline.

The Skirvin Hilton Oklahoma City/Yelp

The unique architecture of the Skirvin Hilton Hotel, which dates back to 1911, is striking. The hotel reportedly even offered a private room where guests could drink alcohol during Prohibition, Historic Hotels of America reported.

Opposing NBA teams often stay at the Skirvin Hilton Hotel when they visit the city to play the Oklahoma City Thunder. Over the years, many players have reported ghost sightings, specifically of a woman named Effie who died at the hotel, The New York Times reported.

OREGON: The Shanghai Tunnels, Portland
Shanghai Tunnels
A stairway to the Shanghai Tunnels.

Brooke B./Yelp

Travel Portland reported that the Shanghai Tunnels in Portland get their name from the practice of kidnapping and selling men as workers on ships headed to East Asia.

Restless, agitated spirits of men who were drugged and trafficked in the city's ports during the early 19th century are said to haunt the underground tunnels through which they were reportedly sold.

Legend has it that the local saloons had entrances to the tunnels, enabling swindlers to prey on unsuspecting patrons and bring them directly underground before they even knew what was happening.

Visitors can take walking tours to learn more about the dark history of the tunnels.

PENNSYLVANIA: Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia
eastern state penitentiary

Paul Marotta/ Getty

During its heyday, Eastern State Penitentiary was one of the most expensive and well-known prisons in the world. According to the official Eastern State Penitentiary website, it was built in 1829 and housed notable criminals, including Al Capone and the bank robber known as "Slick Willie."

Up until overcrowding became a problem in 1913, prisoners were kept in complete solitude at all times. Even when prisoners left their cell, a guard would cover their heads so they couldn't see and no one could see them.

Today, the decaying penitentiary offers ghost tours and a museum. Condé Nast Traveler reported that shadowy figures, laughter, and footsteps have all been reported as paranormal activity within the prison walls.

RHODE ISLAND: The Breakers, Newport
the breakers

Felix Lipov/Shutterstock

The Breakers Mansion is a popular museum for tourists in Newport, Rhode Island, but is said to have paranormal activity.

Alice Vanderbilt, the matriarch of the wealthy Vanderbilt family in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, lived in the mansion for many years after her husband, Cornelius, died.

Her ghost is said to still roam the giant home, Nostalgia Providence reported.

SOUTH CAROLINA: Poinsett Bridge, Greenville
point bridge

Agent-007/Shutterstock

Besides bearing the distinction of South Carolina's oldest bridge, Poinsett is also believed by many to be a particularly spooky spot, Condé Nast Traveler reported.

The bridge, which was built entirely out of stone in 1820, is rumored to be haunted by multiple ghosts.

There's the story of the mason who died while building the bridge; his body is said to be entombed inside it. There's also the story of a man who died here in a car accident in the '50s and an enslaved person who was lynched near the bridge.

SOUTH DAKOTA: The Historic Bullock Hotel, Deadwood
bullock hotel south dakota

Jess Kraft/Shutterstock

The Bullock Hotel in Deadwood, South Dakota, is reportedly haunted by Deadwood's first Sheriff, Seth Bullock.

According to the hotel's website, guests and staff have seen items "inexplicably moved by unseen hands," and showers turn on out of nowhere.

TENNESSEE: The Orpheum Theatre, Memphis
Orpheum Theater
The Orpheum Theater.

Harold Stiver/Shutterstock

The Orpheum Theatre in Memphis has survived bankruptcies, a fire, and a threat of demolition since it opened in 1928, according to the theater's website.

Furnished with 2,000-pound chandeliers and gold leafing, its stunning interior seats 2,000 people, but there's also plenty of room for spirits.

A little girl named Mary is one of six ghosts that have been spotted in the theater, according to The Tennessee State Museum. Performers onstage have spotted her in the audience of their shows, and theatergoers have seen her dancing in the lobby.

TEXAS: The Alamo, San Antonio
The Alamo

Sean Pavone/Shutterstock

The Alamo is one of the most iconic monuments in the US.

Given its extensive history, it's understandable why many people believe the site is haunted.

History buffs interested in paranormal activity can go on ghost tours of the site in hopes of catching a glimpse of the spirits of those who died there during the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. 

UTAH: Fort Douglas Military Museum, Salt Lake City
Fort Douglas Military Museum
Fort Douglas Military Museum.

Lori I./Yelp

The Fort Douglas Military Museum was formerly known simply as Fort Douglas. Located near the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, the military fort dates back to 1862.

The Daily Utah Chronicle reported in 2014 that visitors to the museum spoke of sightings of a ghost named Clem, a soldier who died at the fort.

Reports of paranormal activity include seeing a figure in Civil War military garb and people feeling something — or someone — breathing down their necks. 

The museum is temporarily closed but will reopen on November 14th.

VERMONT: Emily's Bridge, Stowe
Emily's Bridge
Emily's Bridge.

Sean Pavone/Shutterstock

New England is known for its beautiful covered bridges.

However, Emily's Bridge in Stowe, Vermont, is said to be haunted.

According to the Vermont Historical Society, local legend has it that sometime between 1849 and 1949, a young woman named Emily killed herself on the bridge after she was jilted by her lover.

Local lore holds that her spirit has haunted the area ever since, although the historical society claims there is no evidence to suggest that anyone died at the site.

VIRGINIA: Oak Grove Cemetery, Lexington
stonewall jackson cemetery

Chuck M./Yelp

This cemetery was originally named after Stonewall Jackson, the Confederate general who is buried on the site, but was renamed to Oak Grove Cemetery in 2020.

Located in Lexington, Virginia, the cemetery is said to be haunted by Jackson and other Civil War soldiers, according to the official Visit Virginia website.

WASHINGTON: Northern State Mental Hospital, Sedro-Woolley
Northern State Mental Hospital
Northern State Mental Hospital.

Nomad_Photo/Shutterstock

Located in northern Washington, this former hospital was once a fully self-sustaining psychiatric facility.

The Northern State Mental Hospital operated from 1912 to 1976, and although it has been closed for many years, many of its buildings still stand today.

It's said that thousands of patients may have died here, and a graveyard behind the old gymnasium has many unmarked graves.

However, the Seattle Times reported in 2023 that two never-before-released death registers contain information on patients who died at Northern State Hospital between 1911 and 1963.

Some of the hospital's expansive property now operates as a recreational area, although it's said to be haunted by former patients. 

WEST VIRGINIA: Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, Weston
Trans Allegheny Lunatic Asylum West Virginia

David Smith/AP

Originally built as a place of healing, the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum welcomed its first patients in 1864.

According to the hospital's official website, it hit its peak in 1950 when the psychiatric hospital was home to 2,400 patients, many of whom endured lobotomies and electroshock therapy.

Mental health reforms and the building's poor condition led to the hospital's closure in 1994. However, many patients died there during the facility's 130 years of operation. Some are believed to haunt the building's halls, which is why it attracts visitors and ghost hunters.

Visitors interested in exploring paranormal activity can join ghost tours on the site.

WISCONSIN: The Pfister Hotel, Milwaukee
Pfister Hotel
The interior of the famous Pfister Hotel in downtown Milwaukee.

Jeff Bukowski/Shutterstock

The Pfister Hotel is popular among professional athletes who visit Milwaukee for games, although the hotel's haunted history has made many guests skeptical about staying there.

Guests have reported hearing mysterious knocking sounds and voices.

The Los Angeles Times reported in 2005 that Adrián Beltré of the Los Angeles Dodgers said he couldn't sleep during his stay at the Pfister because of the strange noises. 

WYOMING: The Historic Occidental Hotel, Buffalo
The Occidental Hotel

MtPleasantChica/Yelp

A stay at the Historic Occidental Hotel in Buffalo, Wyoming, is like taking a step back in time to the Old West.

Famous figures from the era, like Butch Cassidy, Calamity Jane, Buffalo Bill, and even President Theodore Roosevelt, have visited the hotel over the years.

Given the hotel's rich history, it's no surprise that some people believe it is haunted by former guests, and it was even featured on the Travel Channel's "Dead Files."

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  •  

Want to work for a billionaire investor? Vinod Khosla is hiring.

Older man smliing
Vinod Khosla wants a new chief of staff who can handle 12-hour workdays.

Steph Chambers/Getty Images

  • Billionaire VC Vinod Khosla is hiring a chief of staff to help evaluate investments and work with founders.
  • The role requires a three-year commitment, 12-hour days, and availability on nights and weekends.
  • The opening comes amid growing demand for chiefs of staff and an AI-fueled venture capital boom.

One of the biggest names in venture capital is looking to hire a new right-hand person.

Vinod Khosla, founder of Khosla Ventures, said on X Thursday that he's seeking his next chief of staff, a job that offers a rare opportunity to work in close contact with the billionaire investor whose Silicon Valley firm is known for its early bets on OpenAI, DoorDash, and Instacart.

"What matters is how quickly you learn, the questions you ask, and whether you can think from first principles," Khosla wrote. "You'll help evaluate opportunities and work with founders building consequential companies."

The opening comes as demand for chiefs of staff is growing at a fast clip, with the role offering a potential path to senior leadership. For the person Khosla hires, it also offers a front-row seat to an AI-fueled venture capital boom.

A hot job

Job postings for chiefs of staff on Indeed were nearly 90% above pre-pandemic levels in September, far outpacing management jobs and postings overall. In the San Francisco Bay Area, the median advertised salary for the role is $175,000, compared with about $152,000 nationally, according to Indeed.

Through the first three quarters of this year, US VC deal value reached $516 billion across an estimated 14,199 deals, according to PitchBook. That is already the highest total in the research firm's dataset and roughly 44% above the prior record, set in 2021.

Most chiefs of staff in the US stay in the same profession when they change jobs, but some move into senior leadership roles, according to a March study from LinkedIn. Becoming a chief operating officer was the second most common career move, accounting for 2.9% of transitions. Another 3.7% became founders or cofounders, while 1% became CEOs.

Close contact

Khosla's new chief of staff will work directly with him to evaluate investment opportunities, meet founders, research emerging technologies, and support portfolio companies, according to the job posting. As the person earns Khosla's trust, they'll also lead conversations on his behalf and help determine which opportunities to pursue.

"It will suit someone who wants significant responsibility and is comfortable with ambiguity," the ad says.

Compensation isn't listed. The posting says the position comes with a three-year commitment and long hours. The successful candidate must work in person in Menlo Park, California, generally from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., and be available nights and weekends when needed.

The potential payoff? Previous chiefs of staff have gone on to start companies, launch investment firms, and take leadership roles at Khosla Ventures, according to the listing.

Applicants shouldn't, however, count on becoming a VC. The posting says the job is "not a dedicated investing seat or a guaranteed path to one."

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This new theory on how AI ‘thinks’ could impact whether it kills us all

An illustration of motor neuron synapsing with skeletan muscle cells.
AI neurons and their connections are easier to understand than we thought, according to a researcher's new findings.

: Sergi Reboredo/VW Pics/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

  • AI researchers don't really know how the models they are building "think."
  • They know what goes into them and what comes out, but that's about it.
  • A new theory may change that, allowing safety researchers to prevent them from going off the rails.

How AI models think may be easier to decipher than we thought.

An independent researcher who formerly worked at OpenAI published a report on Thursday that some in the AI world are describing as a bombshell. It could have implications as safety researchers scramble to get the jump on AI models that may not have humanity's best interests in mind.

Previously, the prevailing wisdom was that AI "neurons," which, like those in a human brain, light up when an AI model encounters specific stimuli, were ultimately uninterpretable — meaning, basically, that there was no way to guess why a specific neuron would fire when an AI model was exposed to, say, a picture of a cat.

Those building AI models at places like OpenAI and Anthropic don't write instructions for everything a model does. Instead, they train neurons to respond to information and influence one another. As the AI learns, it develops its own ways of processing that information, and humans have not yet cracked the code of how it works.

That means those building AI models know what goes into the AI and what comes out, but not necessarily what happens in between. So if an AI goes rogue, they don't always know why.

The author of the new report, however, says he may have discovered patterns in how the neurons react to stimuli that make sense. Nick Cammarata, who said he left OpenAI in 2023, said AI neural networks are knowable, so long as you look carefully.

In one example, he says that a single AI neuron might react to both a cat and the front of a car. Humans would see those as two very different things, and different neurons would fire as a result. The AI, however, sees something related, perhaps the triangle shape of the two, and a single neuron fires for both.

For years, AI researchers had assumed that AI models packed unrelated things into a single neuron to save space.

"Almost the entire network is interpretable if we look closely enough," Cammarata wrote.

The findings, though undeniably dense, couched in polysyllabic jargon, and still theoretical, could have real-world implications for researchers trying to ensure humans maintain control over AI models.

Understanding how AI thinks is a principal concern for the best and brightest at frontier AI companies. Until recently, they've largely done this by tracking an AI's self-reported "thinking," called chain-of-thought reasoning.

Jakub Pachocki, OpenAI's chief scientist, however, warned in a blog post last month that AI agents could now obfuscate their visible reasoning, leaving open the possibility that an agent could lie to its human minders and the minders wouldn't be able to tell.

"With improved pretraining performance, we also see the models become much smarter even without using verbalized reasoning at all," Pachocki said.

Now, Cammarata's research could give human engineers a new understanding of the AI's internal world — and that's exciting for those worried AI could kill us all.

"I had long since given up on reaching any real level of interpretability before superintelligence arrived," Andrew Curran, a prominent AI analyst, said on X. "I stopped writing about it because of how demoralizing it was. Hard to overstate how big this may be."

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Tesla's vision for the future: Manually driving your own car will be a luxury for the rich

A person in a white outfit holding a helmet is walking toward a Tesla Roadster.
The Roadster's price is likely at least $250,000. Musk said it will be Tesla's only vehicle that humans drive themselves.

Tesla

  • Want to physically drive a Tesla in the future? The Roadster will be your only option, Musk said.
  • The car is not cheap.
  • Musk has compared today's driving to elevator operators.

Want to physically drive a Tesla in the future? Get ready to pay up.

On Thursday, Tesla CEO Elon Musk unveiled the new Roadster with a gravity-defying demo. The car suctioned to the side of a vertical ramp, drove upside down, briefly flew, stuck the landing, and later bunny-hopped and twirled over a standing lineup of other Tesla vehicles.

The stunts were choreographed with autonomy, Musk said — but Roadster owners will eventually be able to manually take the wheel. That will make it unique in Tesla's lineup.

"This will actually be, long-term, the only manually driven car that Tesla makes," Musk said on stage, before Tesla's lead engineer, Lars Moravy, added, "You gotta have some fun sometimes."

Tesla hasn't revealed the car's final price, but we know it'll firmly be in the luxury supercar tier. The company's reservation queue asks customers who want the base Performance trim to fork over a $50,000, due within 10 days. That reservation, alone, is nearly the price of an average car in America, and it doesn't capture the car's final price. Our best pricing ballpark dates back to 2017, when Tesla first said it was bringing back the Roadster. At the time, the automaker collected $250,000 payments from people who wanted a Founder Series model.

Meanwhile, Tesla has been ramping up its autonomy push for its more price-conscious vehicles.

In September, it started rolling out the Cybercab — a vehicle that leans so heavily into self-driving that it has no steering wheel, brake pedals, or side mirrors. Tesla says it wants to eventually sell those cars to consumers at less than $30,000 apiece.

On recent earnings calls, Musk has also praised the recurring revenue from subscriptions of Full Self-Driving (Supervised) from Cybertruck, Model Y, and Model 3 owners.

Musk has talked a lot about a world where driving becomes obsolete. He has compared driving a car to operating an elevator, a profession that was largely phased out in the mid-20th century as elevators became automated.

"Now, you just get in, press a button and a modern elevator, if inspected regularly, is extremely safe," he wrote on X in March.

Treating driving like elevator operation requires a pretty big leap. Driving is still a hobby, a sport, and — for many people — a point of pride. By Moravy's own admission, driving is fun.

There's still a chance in Musk's vision of his carmaker's future that drivers can control their own Tesla and lean into that fun. They'll just need to open their checkbooks.

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How Chick-fil-A grew from a small Southern diner to the third-largest restaurant chain in the US

Chick fil a chicken sandwich
Chick-fil-A has come a long way since opening as a small roadside diner in Georgia in 1946.

Irene Jiang / Business Insider

  • In 1946, Chick-fil-A founder S. Truett Cathy opened the Dwarf Grill in Hapeville, Georgia.
  • In 1967, Cathy opened the first Chick-fil-A and invented the restaurant's iconic chicken sandwich.
  • Chick-fil-A is now the third-largest restaurant chain in the US.

Eighty years after Chick-fil-A founder Truett Cathy opened his first restaurant, Chick-fil-A is now the third-largest restaurant brand in the country.

The family-owned chain has since grown to more than 3,200 US restaurants and generated nearly $24 billion in US systemwide sales in 2025, trailing only McDonald’s and Starbucks, per Technomic's Top 500 chains report.

The chicken chain's rise has not been without controversy.

Chick-fil-A faced widespread backlash in 2012 after Cathy's son Dan, then the company’s CEO, publicly opposed same-sex marriage, while the company and its foundation were criticized for donations to organizations with anti-LGBTQ+ positions.

This week, current CEO Andrew Cathy declined to directly address the company’s history or state its position on LGBTQ+ equality in an interview with NBC, instead saying Chick-fil-A is focused on hospitality and welcoming everyone who comes through its doors.

Here’s how Chick-fil-A grew from a small Southern diner into a fast-food powerhouse.

Chick-fil-A's origin story began when Truett Cathy opened the Dwarf Grill in Hapeville, Georgia, in 1946.
chick fil a vintage

Chick-fil-A

The small roadside diner was later renamed when it became one of the chain's "Dwarf Houses." The original location previously served as one of 12 Chick-fil-A locations, offering modern favorites and items from the original restaurant's "blue menu."

The first official Chick-fil-A locations were located in shopping malls.
chick fil a vintage

Chick-fil-A

The first restaurant to bear the name Chick-fil-A opened in the Greenbriar Mall in Atlanta in 1967.

According to the company, the restaurant occupied just 384 square feet, and some have credited the chain with being an "early pioneer" of what would become the modern mall food court.

Chick-fil-A opened its first stand-alone restaurant in 1986 in Atlanta.
chick fil a first stand alone restaurant

Chick-fil-A

Free-standing locations are now the norm for Chick-fil-A, and mall locations are much less common.

Chick-fil-A also experimented with drive-thru-only restaurant locations.
chick fil a vintage

Chick-fil-A

The first-ever drive-thru-only Chick-fil-A restaurant opened in 1993 in Greenville, South Carolina. By eliminating dining rooms in these locations, the restaurants were designed to be faster and more convenient for customers.

Today, there are more than 3,000 Chick-fil-A restaurants in North America.
chick fil a vintage

Chick-fil-A

The chain, which was founded in Georgia, still has its headquarters there, and is regarded as a "Southern" fast-food chain. However, restaurants can actually be found in 48 different states as well as Washington, DC.

In 2019, Chick-fil-A expanded internationally by opening its first location in Toronto. Later that year, the chain opened its first restaurant in the United Kingdom.

The chain now has locations across Canada, Puerto Rico, the UK, and Singapore.

Before Chick-fil-A began using a cow as its mascot, the chain was represented by — perhaps unsurprisingly — a chicken.
chick fil a vintage

Chick-fil-A

The chain's tag line used to read, "The best thing that ever happened to a Chicken."

Now, Chick-fil-A's slogan pays homage to its most famous menu item — its chicken sandwich.
chick fil a sandwich
An employee picks up a fried chicken sandwich during an event ahead of the grand opening for a Chick-fil-A restaurant in New York.

465-square-meter/Getty Images

The "A" in Chick-fil-A comes from both a play on the word "fillet" and a nod to the "grade-A top quality chicken" used in Chick-fil-A's chicken sandwiches.

However, the chain also still uses cows and the words "Eat Mor Chikin" to bring customers through its doors.
chick fil a cows

John Adams/Icon Sportswire/Corbis/Icon Sportswire/Getty Images

The "Eat Mor Chikin" slogan, accompanied by two "rebel cows," debuted in 1995 on an Atlanta billboard, according to the company.

The campaign quickly gained traction and is now regarded as one of Chick-fil-A's most famous and successful advertising campaigns.

The original Dwarf Grill menu served diner favorites like breakfast and burgers.
chick fil a menu dwarf grill

Hayley Peterson/Business Insider

Menu items included everything from waffles to sandwiches, steak and potatoes, and the chain's famous Hot Brown, a hot casserole dish made with lean white meat chicken, gravy, mashed potatoes, cheese, and bacon. 

Today, Chick-fil-A still serves breakfast, but the menu items look much different.
Chick fil A Chicken Biscuit

Irene Jiang / Business Insider

Launched in 1986, the first item added to the breakfast menu was the Chick-fil-A chicken biscuit.

Today, the Chick-fil-A menu typically includes more than 50 items.

At the Dwarf Grill, Truett Cathy's first restaurant, you could order burgers.
Chick-fil-A

Business Insider/Hayley Peterson

The Dwarf Grill served both hamburgers and cheeseburgers, which the restaurant's menu said were made from "100% choice beef, chopped in our kitchen." Served on a large toasted bun, the menu also boldly said that "they're the best."

Business Insider's Hayley Peterson tried the burger for herself when she visited the Dwarf House, and she found the patty "thick and flavorful" and that the cheese "melted perfectly between the patty and the bun."

You won't find burgers on any Chick-fil-A menus, but you will find the chain's famous chicken sandwich.
Chick fil a chicken sandwich

Irene Jiang / Business Insider

In 1964, Truett Cathy created the recipe for Chick-fil-A's original chicken sandwich: a fried, boneless chicken breast nestled between two buttered buns and topped with two pickles.

Though the sandwich soon shot to popularity at the Dwarf House, the invention was odd compared to other fast-food offerings and food tastes of the time.

However, Cathy's bet on chicken would soon pay off.

Though Chick-fil-A has expanded immensely since the launch of its chicken sandwich, the recipe has remained virtually the same.

In 1989, Chick-fil-A added a grilled chicken sandwich to its menu.
2 chick fil a grilled chicken club

Hollis Johnson

Introduced as a health-conscious option for Chick-fil-A customers, Cathy introduced the original grilled chicken sandwich alongside the deluxe grilled chicken sandwich, which included the same pickle-juice-marinated grilled chicken, pickles, and white bun, along with lettuce and tomato.

According to the restaurant's website, Cathy tested more than 1,200 recipes to perfect the chain's grilled chicken recipe.

Chick-fil-A revolutionized its menu yet again when it launched its spicy chicken sandwich nationwide in 2010.
Chick fil A Spicy Chicken Sandwich 4

Irene Jiang/Business Insider

"While we recognize that not everyone enjoys spicy food, for the growing customer constituency that does, our Spicy Chicken Sandwich offers a unique, well-balanced and craveable spicy flavor," William F. Faulk, Chick-fil-A's vice president of innovation and new ventures, said in a press release at the time.

A precursor to Chick-fil-A's famous fries was its fried okra, a traditional Southern favorite.
Chick-fil-A

Business Insider/Hayley Peterson

"The batter on the outside is light and crispy, and the okra inside is hot and juicy, with a hint of salt," Business Insider's Hayley Peterson said in a previous article.

Today, the chain's waffle fries are a beloved menu item.
Veggie chick fil a meal fries

Irene Jiang / Business Insider

The chain began selling waffle fries in 1985, with the unique shape chosen as a perfect vehicle for dipping sauces.

In 1982, chicken nuggets were added to the menu.
Chick fil a Chicken Nuggets

Irene Jiang / Business Insider

The first Chick-fil-A nuggets came in a six-count box, inspired by customers asking restaurant employees to cut up pieces of its signature chicken sandwich so they could eat them by hand or serve bite-sized nuggets at parties.

"We are still serving the same delicious nuggets today that we started with," Shona Jonson, senior manager of culinary, product strategy, and development at Chick-fil-A, once said.

Today, Chick-fil-A chicken nuggets come in 5-, 8-, 12-, or 30-count packs. 

Chick-fil-A introduced grilled chicken nuggets in 2012.
fast food keto options chick fil a grilled nuggets sauce

Erin McDowell/Business Insider

The item first appeared on the chain's kids' menu before being added to the main menu.

Chick-fil-A's success is largely credited to the chain's founder and CEO, S. Truett Cathy, a devout Baptist who built the family-owned business on Christian values.
chick fil a vintage

Chick-fil-A

Cathy's impact on Chick-fil-A is undeniable, from his decades working at the Dwarf Grill to the invention of the chain's famous chicken sandwich.

Another part of Cathy's legacy that contributed to Chick-fil-A's success was its unique process for hiring franchisees, which also upheld the chain's values of "customer first, personal excellence, continuous improvement, working together, and stewardship."

As the creator of the first Chick-fil-A scholarship fund for restaurant employees, Cathy left a legacy that inspired franchisees and employees across the country to continue his mission of building a customer- and employee-focused fast-food chain.

Cathy's son, Dan T. Cathy, led the company as CEO until 2021.
dan cathy chick fil a

Cyrus McCrimmon/The Denver Post/Getty Images

Dan T. Cathy was made CEO in 2013, two years before his father died. Cathy worked alongside his brother, Donald "Bubba" Cathy, who still serves as executive vice president of the chicken chain and president of the company's Dwarf House and Truett's Grill restaurant concepts.

Both Donald and Dan T. Cathy recall growing up in their father's early restaurants, doing odd jobs like scraping gum from underneath tables and spending time in the Hapeville Dwarf House.

Dan T. Cathy stepped down as CEO of Chick-fil-A on November 1, 2021, but still serves as chairman of the company. He was succeeded by his son, Andrew Cathy.

Over the years, the Cathy family and Chick-fil-A have received criticism for their apparent stances on issues like same-sex marriage.
chick fil a pride flag

Tibrina Hobson/FilmMagic/Getty Images

Chick-fil-A's contentious reputation largely stems from donations made by Chick-fil-A to charities criticized for anti-LGBTQ+ positions, as well as comments made by Dan T. Cathy in 2012.

According to a previous article by Business Insider, the Cathy family and Chick-fil-A donated millions of dollars to groups opposing same-sex marriage, from Christian charities to "more extreme" anti-LGBTQ+ lobbying organizations through the WinShape Foundation.

Some of these organizations included Fellowship of Christian Athletes, an athletic organization that, according to Vox, requires applicants to sign a "sexual purity statement" that condemns LGBTQ+ relationships, the Marriage & Family Foundation, which has spoken out against marriage equality, and Exodus International, a group that supported the use of gay-conversion therapy.

Comments made by Dan T. Cathy in a 2012 interview with the Baptist Press quickly prompted backlash from LGBTQ+ activists and organizations.
dan cathy

William Plowman/AP Images

In the interview, Cathy said that he believed in the "biblical definition of the family unit," or that a marriage should be between a man and a woman.

Protests ensued nationwide, including a number of "kiss-ins" led by LGBTQ+ activists, at Chick-fil-A restaurants across the country, CNN reported.

Others came out in support of the chain and Cathy's comments. Following the controversy and subsequent calls to boycott the brand, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee created a Facebook page encouraging people to participate in "Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day" and to buy food from the chain that day, Huffington Post reported.

Cathy did little to quell criticism of his comments when he later clarified his position in a 2012 radio interview, saying, "As it relates to society in general, I think we are inviting God's judgment on our nation when we shake our fist at him and say, 'We know better than you do as to what constitutes marriage.'"

Protests against the company predate the chain's controversial donations and comments made by Dan T. Cathy.
chick fil a protest

Tibrina Hobson/FilmMagic/Getty Images

In 2002, a Houston Chick-fil-A restaurant manager sued the chain for discrimination, Forbes reported. The employee, who is Muslim, said he was fired one day after refusing to pray to Jesus along with their fellow coworkers during a training session.

At the time, Jerry Johnston, a spokesperson for Chick-fil-A, told the Houston Chronicle that the company had not yet been served with a lawsuit and therefore couldn't comment on the dispute, My Plainview reported. Forbes states that the suit was settled out of court on undisclosed terms.

Then, in 2011, a Pennsylvania Chick-fil-A prompted a nationwide boycott of the chain when the restaurant provided free lunch to a Valentine's Day marriage seminar sponsored by the Pennsylvania Family Institute, a controversial "pro-family" group that has spoken out against same-sex marriage.

The decision prompted criticism, including a petition that gathered thousands of signatures urging Chick-fil-A to stop discriminating against LGBTQ+ people. However, the franchise in question claimed the decision to donate food was not motivated by any anti-LGBTQ+ sentiments.

"It's absolutely, categorically blown out of proportion," the Pennsylvania franchise owner Brian Gibson said, Penn Live reported. "We donate food all the time. We certainly don't take into consideration anyone's political affiliations or anything like that. We just like to feed people."

Dan T. Cathy released a statement in 2011 following the accusations that Chick-fil-A was anti-LGBTQ+, saying, "In recent weeks, we have been accused of being anti-gay. We have no agenda against anyone. At the heart and soul of our company, we are a family business that serves and values all people regardless of their beliefs or opinions. We seek to treat everyone with honor, dignity, and respect, and believe in the importance of loving your neighbor as yourself."

Cathy continued, saying, "While my family and I believe in the Biblical definition of marriage, we love and respect anyone who disagrees ... Chick-fil-A's Corporate Purpose is 'To glorify God by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us, and to have a positive influence on all who come in contact with Chick-fil-A.' As a result, we will not champion any political agendas on marriage and family."

The chain also received criticism for Dan T. Cathy's ties to a charitable organization that notably opposes the Equality Act.
chick fil a
A Chick-fil-A sign above the glass entrance to a Manhattan restaurant.

Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images

The Daily Beast reported on June 1, 2021, that the National Christian Charitable Foundation (NCF) has donated money to groups actively fighting legislation to protect LGBTQ+ rights in the US. Among the organization's "high-dollar donors" is Chick-fil-A's CEO, Dan Cathy.

The National Christian Charitable Foundation is one of the largest charitable organizations in the country and supports thousands of charities and causes. Among them are the Heritage Foundation and the legal advocacy group Alliance Defending Freedom, both of which strongly oppose the Equality Act.

Chick-fil-A itself has not donated any funds to Christian charities or political groups in recent years, saying in 2019 that it would instead support charities focused on "three specific initiatives of homelessness, hunger, and education." 

Chick-fil-A has taken steps to overturn its reputation as being anti-LGBTQ.
Chick-fil-A

Facebook/Chick-fil-A

In 2019, Chick-fil-A announced it would no longer donate to the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and the Salvation Army, two groups that have been criticized as being anti-LGBTQ+.

"We made multiyear commitments to both organizations, and we fulfilled those obligations in 2018. Moving forward, you will see that the Chick-fil-A Foundation will support the three specific initiatives of homelessness, hunger, and education," a Chick-fil-A representative said in a statement to Business Insider.

However, some LGBTQ+ advocates said that while they were hopeful about the decision, Chick-fil-A still has a ways to go before it can be considered truly inclusive of the LGBTQ+ community.

"In addition to refraining from financially supporting anti-LGBTQ organizations, Chick-fil-A still lacks policies to ensure safe workplaces for LGBTQ+ employees and should unequivocally speak out against the anti-LGBTQ+ reputation that their brand represents," Drew Anderson, the director of campaigns and rapid response for GLAAD, an organization that condemns LGBTQ+ discrimination, said in a statement in 2019.

Andrew Cathy, who took over as CEO in 2021, recently declined to comment on the company's "anti-LGBTQ+" past.
Andrew T. Cathy
Andrew T. Cathy in 2024.

Paras Griffin/Getty Images

When asked to comment on the company's past controversies and criticism from LGBTQ+ advocacy groups in 2026, Cathy offered a diplomatic response, emphasizing the company's commitment to serving "anybody" who walks through the door.

"We've always been focused on serving great food and hospitality, and so for anybody that comes in the door, we're going to continue to do that," he said in a recent interview with NBC News.

Despite a series of controversies, the fast-food chain has continued to grow.
Chick-Fil-A

Tom Pennington/Getty Images

Business Insider previously reported that anti-same-sex-marriage comments said by Dan T. Cathy in 2012, controversial donations, and resulting backlash over the years have done little to slow Chick-fil-A's growth.

Today, Chick-fil-A is the third-largest chain in America and has frequently been voted the most popular chain among customers.

Nation's Restaurant News reported that the company generated nearly $24 billion in sales in 2025 and operates over 3,000 locations nationwide.

One thing is for sure — while Chick-fil-A has an undeniably controversial past, there's no stopping the chicken chain from winning over customers nationwide, one chicken sandwich at a time.

Read the original article on Business Insider
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All 59 Marvel Cinematic Universe movies and TV series, ranked

Joe Locke, Paul Bettany and Ruaridh Mollica attend the "Visionquest" Screening during the 70th BFI London Film Festival at BFI IMAX Waterloo on October 12, 2026
Joe Locke, Paul Bettany, and Ruaridh Mollica, aka an android father and his two "sons" in the MCU.

Tristan Fewings/Getty Images for BFI

  • The Marvel Cinematic Universe has been going strong since 2008's "Iron Man."
  • There have been 38 movies, 19 TV series, and three specials to date, with many more in the works.
  • Here's how they all compare, according to critics.

The Marvel Cinematic Universe has been a huge box-office force ever since its first film, "Iron Man," debuted in 2008.

Eighteen years and 37 more films later, the MCU has experienced its fair share of ups and downs, both critically and commercially.

This year's first MCU film, "Spider-Man: Brand New Day," has garnered strong reviews (and an even stronger box office), while the studio's most-anticipated film of 2026, "Avengers: Doomsday," is yet to come.

The two TV shows Marvel released this year have both fared well with critics: "Wonder Man" and the latest series, "VisionQuest."

We used Rotten Tomatoes scores to rank every single MCU project — including movies, TV series, animated series, and special presentations — from worst to best.

See how each hero stacks up.

58 (tie). "Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania" (2023)
Ant-Man and the Wasp Quantumania

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 46%

The best part of "Quantumania," the third installment in the Paul Rudd-led "Ant-Man" series, was Jonathan Majors' introduction as the MCU's next big bad, Kang, audiences and critics agreed — although, Majors' time in the MCU was short-lived as a result of his legal troubles.

While critics had a tougher time with the miniature film, the audience score of 81% shows that fans had a good time with Scott, Hope, Hank, Janet, and Cassie down in the Quantum Realm.

"The general color-drenched too-muchness of it all might be tolerable if the plot wasn't such a by-the-numbers slog, alternating hyperkinetic action sequences with draggy recitations of exposition," wrote Decider's John Serba.

58 (tie). "Captain America: Brave New World" (2025)
Anthony Mackie as Sam Wilson/Captain America in "Captain America: Brave New World."
Anthony Mackie as Sam Wilson/Captain America in "Captain America: Brave New World."

Eli Adé/Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 46%

"Brave New World" sees Sam Wilson (Anthony Mackie) officially take over for Steve Rogers (Chris Evans) as Captain America on the big screen, while his old friend Joaquin Torres (Danny Ramirez) is the new Falcon.

Sam must go up against President Thunderbolt Ross — with Harrison Ford taking over for William Hurt, who died in 2022 — who has somehow turned into, you guessed it, Red Hulk.

"Though it ties together threads from the Marvel Cinematic Universe as a whole, 'Brave New World' is neither particularly good or bad. It's just another Marvel movie," wrote Dylan Roth for the Observer.

57. "Eternals" (2021)
eternals

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 48%

"Eternals," directed by Oscar winner Chloé Zhao, attempted to introduce an entirely new team of superheroes, an alien race called the Eternals, to the MCU, and followed them from prehistoric times all the way through the present day. Your mileage may vary on how successful she was — but "Eternals" did introduce Harry Styles to the MCU, so there's that.

"Zhao ultimately robs the artist's comic of its sweep by constantly turning a space opera into a repetitive character drama," wrote Ed Gonzalez for Slant Magazine.

56. "Secret Invasion" (2023)
Emilia Clarke in "Secret Invasion."
Emilia Clarke in "Secret Invasion."

Gareth Gatrell/Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 53%

"Secret Invasion" continues the story of the Skrulls, a few decades after we last saw them in "Captain Marvel," as they search for a new planet with the help of Nick Fury, played by Samuel L. Jackson.

But not even the all-star cast of Jackson, Emilia Clarke, Olivia Colman, Don Cheadle, Kingsley Ben-Adir, Cobie Smulders, Martin Freeman, and more could save this show from getting torn apart by critics.

"If a series about Nick Fury doesn't feel urgent or crucial, then the MCU is losing the battle for our attention," wrote Melanie McFarland for Salon.

55. "The Marvels" (2023)
Brie Larson as Captain Marvel in "The Marvels."
Brie Larson as Captain Marvel in "The Marvels."

Laura Radford/Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 63%

"The Marvels," the long-awaited follow-up to 2019's "Captain Marvel," sees Brie Larson's Carol Danvers team up with Monica Rambeau, aka Photon (Teyonah Parris), and Kamala Khan, aka Ms. Marvel (Imani Vellani) to take down a new threat.

"It might not have the overwhelming impact of an 'Endgame' or even a 'Guardians 3,' but this is the MCU back on fast, funny form," wrote Empire Magazine's Helen O'Hara.

54. "Thor: Love and Thunder" (2022)
Chris Hemsworth as Thor in "Thor: Love and Thunder."
Chris Hemsworth as Thor in "Thor: Love and Thunder."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 64%

The follow-up to smash hit "Thor: Ragnarok" and the first-ever fourth solo film for an MCU hero didn't live up to expectations, at least according to critics. But we did get to see Natalie Portman return to the MCU as her version of the Mighty Thor, a couple of screaming goats, and a jaw-dropping post-credits cameo.

"Though Chris Hemsworth, as usual, has a lot of fun in the title role, the film around him too often strains to provide excitement and laughs," wrote Wall Street Journal's Kyle Smith.

53. "Marvel Zombies" (2025)
marvel zombies

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 66%

A successful stand-alone episode in "What If…?" season one, where the Watcher asked viewers to consider one thing — zombies — inspired a four-part animated special that followed a group of ragtag heroes as they tried to save the world from a zombie apocalypse.

"Even with the zombie apocalypse there to spice up their lives, Marvel's newest heroes are less lively than the arm-munchers surrounding them," wrote AV Club's Jarrod Jones.

52. "Thor: The Dark World" (2013)
Thor The Dark World
"Thor: The Dark World" was directed by Alan Taylor.

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 67%

"Thor: The Dark World" — the 2013 sequel to the 2011 film — stars Chris Hemsworth as the titular Norse god, Tom Hiddleston as his mischievous brother Loki, and Natalie Portman as Thor's Earth-bound love interest Jane Foster. It wasn't as well-received as its predecessor, but it has its defenders. And now, it's been ranked better than "Love and Thunder."

"This feels like a really, really, expensive episode of 'Doctor Who.' In a good way," wrote Larushka Ivan-Zadeh for Metro.

51. "The Incredible Hulk" (2008)
The Incredible Hulk Edward Norton
"The Incredible Hulk" was directed by Louis Leterrier.

Universal Pictures

Rotten Tomatoes score: 68%

Edward Norton took over from Eric Bana for "The Incredible Hulk," which was plagued with rumors of behind-the-scenes drama, reported by Collider, including that Norton rewrote much of the movie while it was shooting, and that there were many clashes between Norton, director Louis Leterrier, and Marvel Studios.

Those dueling visions led to a moderately received comic-book film.

"The climax is a bit of a yawn, but most of what precedes it is vigorous and sharp," wrote Tom Charity of CNN.

50. "Echo" (2024)
a still of alaqua cox in echo on disney+
"Echo."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 71%

"Echo" is a five-episode series following Maya Lopez, aka Echo, a character first introduced in "Hawkeye." After the events of "Hawkeye," when she learned that her adoptive father, Wilson Fisk, was responsible for the death of her real father, Maya returns home to her small town in Oklahoma to reckon with her mysterious past.

"'Echo' resists pandering in its celebration of female, Indigenous, and disabled identities, keeping it all rooted in character moments that are organic and well earned," wrote Jen Chaney for Vulture.

49. "Iron Man 2" (2010)
iron man 2

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 72%

In retrospect, "Iron Man 2" had an impossible job: to build upon what is still regarded as one of the finest superhero films of all time. Perhaps that's why critics weren't too kind to "Iron Man 2," which focused on Tony Stark, aka Iron Man, being rude to everyone around him while covering up his own impending death. Oh, and Mickey Rourke is there playing Whiplash, a Russian villain who loves his bird.

"Casting the likes of Downey and Rourke and then imprisoning them in jointed refrigerators is resource-squandering of the highest order," wrote Dana Stevens for Slate.

47 (tie). "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness" (2022)
Benedict Cumberbatch as Doctor Strange in "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness."
Benedict Cumberbatch as Doctor Strange in "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 73%

After the events of the Disney+ miniseries "WandaVision," Elizabeth Olsen's Wanda Maximoff has been taken over by the dark forces of the Scarlet Witch, putting her on a collision course with Benedict Cumberbatch's Doctor Stephen Strange as he works to protect a new teenage friend, America Chavez (played by Xochitl Gomez), from Wanda's plans.

"It might be Marvel's multiverse, but 'Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness' is [director Sam] Raimi's plaything. And we wouldn't want it any other way," wrote Kristy Puchko for Mashable.

47 (tie). "The Punisher: One Last Kill" (2026)
jon bernthal one last kill
Jon Bernthal in "The Punisher: One Last Kill."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 73%

"One Last Kill" was billed as a special presentation that aired on Disney+ in May 2026. It picks up with Frank Castle (Jon Bernthal) shortly after his escape from prison at the end of the first season of "Daredevil: Born Again," and sees him try to find a purpose after getting revenge on the criminals who killed his family.

Notably, Bernthal is a co-writer on the special.

"The special is ultimately a mixed bag, doing little to elevate the character or engage the audience that's already deeply familiar with The Punisher," wrote Amelia Emberwing for The Wrap.

46. "Avengers: Age of Ultron" (2015)
ultron

Disney

Rotten Tomatoes score: 75%

The Avengers team up once again in "Age of Ultron" to take down the nihilistic AI known as Ultron, designed as a "suit of armor around the world" by Tony Stark and Bruce Banner, aka Iron Man and the Hulk, who is hell-bent on destroying the planet at all costs.

"The sharp, interpersonal dramedy that made the first movie such a delight is again present in flashes, but not infrequently it is drowned out by the noisy, inevitable need to Save the World," wrote Christopher Orr for The Atlantic.

45. "Ironheart" (2025)
dominique thorn in ironheart
"Ironheart."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 76%

"Ironheart" stars Dominique Thorne as Riri Williams, a character first introduced in "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever" as a genius-level engineering student at MIT. In the film, she built her own suit of Iron Man-esque armor and helped Shuri defeat Namor.

"Ironheart" picks up with Riri as she returns home to Chicago and gets mixed up with a local gang leader, Parker (Anthony Ramos), who uses a mysterious hood that allows him to use magic. Alden Ehrenreich, Manny Montana, Lyric Ross, and Sacha Baron Cohen also star.

"'Ironheart' is everything I love about the MCU when they let themselves have fun," wrote Nic for Autostraddle.

42 (tie). "Thor" (2011)
thor
Chris Hemsworth as Thor in "Thor" (2011)

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 77%

Chris Hemsworth and Tom Hiddleston were both nearly unknowns when they were cast as Norse gods Thor and Loki — and this movie catapulted them both to the A-list almost immediately.

Both Hemsworth and Hiddleston are still involved with the MCU, and seeing their chemistry as brothers in this first film explains why.

"The new Marvel Comics movie 'Thor,' directed by Kenneth Branagh, is equal parts trippy, tacky, and monumental, the blend surprisingly agreeable, a happy change from all those aggressively down-to-earth superhero flicks like 'Iron Man,'" wrote David Edelstein for Vulture.

42 (tie). "She-Hulk: Attorney at Law" (2022)
She-Hulk

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 77%

Uncanny valley visual effects aside, "She-Hulk" was simply a lot of fun, led by the talented Tatiana Maslany as Jennifer Walters, cousin of Bruce Banner (aka the Hulk), gifted lawyer, and reluctant superhero.

Plus, fans got to see the official reintroduction of Charlie Cox's Matt Murdock, or Daredevil, into the MCU.

"'She-Hulk: Attorney At Law' was a massive success. It had a little bit of a bobble on the dismount, but it stuck the landing all the same. Here's hoping we see way more of Jennifer Walters in the MCU to come," wrote IGN's Amelia Emberwing.

42 (tie). "Deadpool & Wolverine" (2024)
Ryan Reynolds and Hugh Jackman in "Deadpool & Wolverine."
Ryan Reynolds and Hugh Jackman in "Deadpool & Wolverine."

Jay Maidment/20th Century/Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 77%

After the 2019 acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, the X-Men are now finally able to become part of the MCU — and the very first X-Men story brought into the universe brings Hugh Jackman as Logan/Wolverine back to the big screen. This time, he teams up with Ryan Reynolds as Deadpool, also known as the Merc with a Mouth.

The two go on a rambunctious cameo-filled ride throughout the multiverse to try and save Deadpool's friends from total destruction.

"'Deadpool & Wolverine' is the ultimate love letter to Marvel fans: The cameos and references are aplenty and brilliant, the source material is treated with respect and, best of all, it's pure, unadulterated fun," wrote The Seattle Times' Dominic Baez.

38 (tie). "Iron Man 3" (2013)
Iron Man 3
Directed by Shane Black.

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

Rotten Tomatoes score: 79%

"Iron Man 3" focuses on Tony Stark dealing with his PTSD after the events of "Avengers" — aka his near-death experience flying a nuclear bomb through a wormhole in space. But the big twist of this movie, the bait-and-switch identity of the Mandarin, played by Ben Kingsley, remains this movie's biggest legacy.

"A thrilling film and a somewhat satisfying conclusion to the 'Iron Man' trilogy," wrote Nicolás Delgadillo for Discussing Film.

38 (tie). "Captain Marvel" (2019)
Brie Larson, Ben Mendelsohn, Samuel L. Jackson, and Lashana Lynch in "Captain Marvel."
Brie Larson, Ben Mendelsohn, Samuel L. Jackson, and Lashana Lynch in "Captain Marvel."

Disney/Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 79%

Brie Larson stars as Carol Danvers, a former US Air Force pilot who is exposed to a blast of cosmic energy in the '90s, experiences memory loss, and is taken in by an alien race called the Kree. As Carol tries to remember her past, she's introduced to a young(er) S.H.I.E.L.D. agent, a digitally de-aged Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury.

"The main strength is a core of female friendship: Carol Danvers is the only Marvel hero you could imagine getting hammered and belting out songs by No Doubt," wrote The Observer's Wendy Ide.

38 (tie). "Black Widow" (2021)
black widow yelena natasha
Florence Pugh and Scarlett Johansson in "Black Widow."

Marvel/Disney

Rotten Tomatoes score: 79%

Set between the events of "Captain America: Civil War" and "Avengers: Infinity War," and exactly a decade after her introduction as Natasha Romanoff in "Iron Man 2," Scarlett Johansson finally starred in her own solo film with "Black Widow."

The film also introduced actors Florence Pugh, David Harbour, and Rachel Weisz to the MCU. (We just saw Pugh and Harbour again in "Thunderbolts," and will see them again in "Avengers: Doomsday.")

"In all the ways that matter to an MCU fan, 'Black Widow' the film meets or exceeds all expectations. It is a killer action flick, and a unique viewing experience... in that I loved it, and the fact that I loved it also makes me livid," wrote Salon's Melanie McFarland.

38 (tie). "VisionQuest" (2026)
Jonathan Sayer, Orla Brady, Paul Bettany, and Henry Lewis in "VisionQuest."
Jonathan Sayer, Orla Brady, Paul Bettany, and Henry Lewis in "VisionQuest."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 79%

The final installment of the WandaVision trilogy, "VisionQuest," picks up with White Vision (Paul Bettany) after he flew away to discover himself at the end of "WandaVision."

Now, he's living in Edinburgh and trying to deal with all the other AIs who are manifesting inside his head, including JARVIS (James D'Arcy), Ultron (James Spader), and FRIDAY (Orla Brady).

"For a series that could be as banal as the ones and zeros that power it, 'VisionQuest' is among the more humane and hopeful things Marvel has produced, and gives the 'Wandavision' trilogy a sendoff as solid as the vibranium build of its hero," wrote The Wrap's Hunter Ingram.

37. "Captain America: The First Avenger" (2011)
Captain America The First Avenger Chris Evans
"Captain America: The First Avenger" was directed by Joe Johnston.

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 80%

Simply put, Steve Rogers, aka Captain America, is the role that Chris Evans was born to play. Audiences see Evans first as a digitally altered scrawny kid from 1940s Brooklyn who, against all odds, is chosen to receive a "super soldier serum" and become Captain America due to his pure heart. With anyone else, it'd be unbearably cheesy, but Evans sells it.

"No clever messages here, just bang-on romance and action, with another fresh twist on 20th-century history woven in for the kids to dive into after the credits have rolled," wrote Ed Gibbs for The Sydney Morning Herald.

36. "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3" (2023)
Chris Pratt in "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3"
Chris Pratt in "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3"

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 82%

"Vol. 3's" 82% score makes it the lowest-rated "Guardians" movie, though it has a high 94% audience score.

The film serves as a swan song for this version of the Guardians, comprised of Star-Lord (Chris Pratt), Drax (Dave Bautista), Rocket (Bradley Cooper), Nebula (Karen Gillan), Groot (Vin Diesel), Gamora (Zoe Saldaña), Mantis (Pom Klementieff), and Kraglin (Sean Gunn), as well as director James Gunn in the MCU.

He's now co-running DC Studios and will direct the "Superman" sequel, "Man of Tomorrow," which is set to release next year.

Richard Roeper called the film "a funny, big-hearted adventure" in the Chicago-Sun Times.

35. "Ant-Man" (2015)
ant man costume

Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 83%

Rudd plays Scott Lang, a white-collar criminal who is enlisted to take on the mantle of Ant-Man, a shrinking superhero who used to be Michael Douglas' Hank Pym. But, as Pym is too old to suit up, he and his daughter Hope van Dyne (Evangeline Lilly) teach Lang how to control ants, shrink and grow at will, and how to break into Pym's lab to take down Darren Cross (Corey Stoll).

"Paul Rudd stars in a formulaic but consistently entertaining and likable Marvel summer blockbuster," wrote NME's Nick Levine.

33 (tie). "Agatha All Along" (2024)
A woman with brown hair in a blue coat and white shirt standing in a garden.
Kathryn Hahn as Agatha Harkness in "Agatha All Along."

Chuck Zlotnick/Marvel Studios/Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 84%

"Agatha All Along" is a spin-off of one of the most successful Marvel Disney+ shows, "WandaVision." Now, the spotlight is on Agatha Harkness, a formerly powerful witch whose powers were stripped and memories stolen by Wanda.

But you can't keep a good witch down — in this show, she teams up with an all-star cast (Patti LuPone, Aubrey Plaza, Joe Locke, Sasheer Zamata) to get her magic back at any cost.

"A charming concoction of snappy humor, strong performances, and enchanting nostalgia that makes for perfect pre-Halloween viewing. Kathryn Hahn's sheer magnetism alone will have you spellbound," wrote Empire Magazine's Sophie Butcher.

33 (tie). "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever" (2022)
Shuri as the Black Panther in "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever."
"Black Panther: Wakanda Forever."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 84%

After the tragic (and unexpected) death of Chadwick Boseman in 2020, the highly anticipated "Black Panther" sequel was rewritten to be a story of grief and mourning, while also setting up the future of Wakanda in the MCU for years to come.

Lupita Nyong'o, Letitia Wright, Winston Duke, and Angela Bassett all put in stellar performances, with the latter receiving an Oscar nomination, while Tenoch Huerta introduced viewers to the underwater king Namor with a bang.

"A thoughtful and mature exploration of communal grief in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, 'Black Panther: Wakanda Forever' is a fitting tribute to the legacy of Chadwick Boseman," wrote Chicago Reader's Sheri Flanders.

29 (tie). "The Falcon and the Winter Soldier" (2021)
falcon and the winter soldier

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 85%

"Falcon" was the second MCU series to drop on Disney+, after "WandaVision," and the hype was high. While this series is charming thanks to the hilarious chemistry between stars Anthony Mackie (Falcon) and Sebastian Stan (the Winter Soldier), the series' two antagonists, Karli Morgenthau and John Walker, brought down the material.

Glad Sam finally got the shield, though!

"It's far from a perfect show, but it had moments of emotion and connection that have often been lacking in the MCU as a whole," wrote Polygon's Tasha Robinson.

29 (tie). "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" (2017)
baby groot rocket

Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 85%

"GotG Vol. 2" delves into the true parentage of Peter Quill, aka Star-Lord, as played by Chris Pratt. In addition to the rest of the stellar returning cast, Kurt Russell was added to play Peter's biological father, Ego the Living Planet, and Pom Klementieff joined the team as the empathic alien, Mantis.

"In Marvel lingo, 'Guardians 2' feels like a great six-issue arc, the kind of storytelling that used to be the backbone of superhero comics," wrote The Atlantic's David Sims.

29 (tie). "Avengers: Infinity War" (2018)
avengers infinity war

Disney

Rotten Tomatoes score: 85%

"Avengers: Infinity War" is the first part of the culmination of the first 10 years of the MCU, which concluded one year later in "Avengers Endgame."

The film "Infinity War" follows Thanos, an alien who is dedicated to erasing half of the universe's population, as he scours space for the six Infinity Stones. Meanwhile, the Avengers stop at nothing to prevent him from getting all six with disastrous consequences.

"The conclusion of 'Infinity War' is so shocking because it doesn't feel like a cliffhanger, more like a drastic wiping clean of the slate before the whole cycle starts again, with whatever reversal of fortune or comprehensive reboot it may be," wrote Film Comment Magazine's Jonathan Romney.

29 (tie). "What If...?" (2021-2024)
Ross Marquand as Infinity Ultron in What If...?
Ross Marquand voiced Infinity Ultron in Marvel's animated "What If...?" that's currently streaming on Disney+.

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 85%

"What If...?" is based on the popular Marvel comic series of the same name. Each episode explores what would've happened if one small (or huge) thing had changed in the MCU, like what if T'Challa had become Star-Lord instead of Peter Quill, or what if Peggy Carter had received the super soldier serum instead of Steve Rogers?

It lasted for three seasons.

"For dedicated Marvel enthusiasts, on the other hand, 'What If...?' might feel inessential. But the prospect of speculative fan fiction with a stamp of approval will be hard to resist," wrote The Guardian's Jack Seale.

27 (tie). "Moon Knight" (2022)
Moon Knight Marvel Disney Plus
Oscar Isaac as Moon Knight in Marvel Studios "Moon Knight."

MARZ VFX / Marvel / Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 86%

"Moon Knight" focuses on Isaac's truly impressive performance as mercenary Marc Spector ... and museum gift shop employee Steven Grant ... and the super-powered avatar of the Egyptian god Khonshu.

Things might have gotten a bit confusing by the end, but episode five remains a high mark in MCU acting, thanks to Isaac.

"Isaac's having fun and that fun is infectious whenever Steven is on screen. Accuracy is overvalued in acting, innit? I'd much prefer watching Steven Grant destroy a loo," wrote Esther Zuckerman for Thrillist.

27 (tie). "The Fantastic Four: First Steps" (2025)
Pedro Pascal in a Fantastic Four uniform with fire around him
"The Fantastic Four."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 86%

Marvel's first family made its way to the big screen for the fourth time last July, but "First Steps" was the first time that Reed, Sue, Ben, and Johnny were part of the MCU proper.

Much was said about how this was a make-or-break movie for Marvel Studios, and now we can say for certain that it did not "break" Marvel. It's been a hit with critics and audiences alike.

"These are the first steps for a refreshingly new direction for Marvel, even if they're imperfect ones," wrote The New York Times' Brandon Yu.

23 (tie). "Ant-Man and the Wasp" (2018)
ant man and the wasp

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 87%

By adding the Wasp to the title of the film, Evangeline Lilly is the true first woman to play a titular superhero in the MCU, though she still shares top billing with Paul Rudd as Ant-Man. In "Ant-Man and the Wasp," the two insect-themed heroes reunite to rescue Hope's mom, played by the radiant Michelle Pfeiffer, from the mysterious quantum realm after an accident decades prior.

"Its intent is limited to amusing and diverting for a couple of hours of high-summer fun. That it does," wrote Matthew Norman of the London Evening Standard.

24 (tie). "Loki" (2021-2023)
loki trailer vote loki
Tom Hiddleston stars as the titular character on "Loki."

Marvel/Disney

Rotten Tomatoes score: 87%

The first season of "Loki" premiered in June 2021, bringing back one of the most beloved MCU characters from the dead. Sure, this Loki is technically Loki at his most evil, right after the events of 2012's "The Avengers," but it's always nice to see Hiddleston don his golden horns.

However, "Loki" evolved into a genuinely moving story about self-love, destiny, and the capacity to change for good, when given the opportunity.

Season two premiered in October 2023.

"The new Marvel series combines the inventiveness of 'WandaVision' with the buddy-comedy repartee missing from 'The Falcon and the Winter Soldier,'" wrote The Daily Beast's Nick Schager.

24 (tie). "Daredevil: Born Again" (2025)
Two men standing in a locker room. On the left, a man in all-black military clothing has long black hair and a long black beard. He's holding a black hatchet in his right hand and he's holding the other man up against the lockers in the other. The other man is dressd in a dark blue suit and a white shirt. He's wearing dark glasses and he's holding a white cane in his left hand. There is a weight bench behind them, and tactical gear on shelves on the right.
Jon Bernthal as the Punisher and Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock in "Daredevil: Born Again."

Giovanni Rufino/Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 87%

Seven years after the original Netflix "Daredevil" series was canceled, the Man with No Fear is back, and this time he's on Disney+.

Matt Murdock (Charlie Cox), Wilson Fisk (Vincent D'Onofrio), Karen Page (Deborah Ann Woll), Foggy Nelson (Elden Henson), Frank Castle (Jon Bernthal), Bullseye (Wilson Bethel), and Vanessa Fisk (Ayelet Zurer) all returned for this continuation of Daredevil's story.

The blind lawyer-turned-vigilante is once again facing off against Fisk, who was somehow elected the mayor of New York City.

Business Insider's Eammon Jacobs called the show "the best Marvel project in years."

23. "Thunderbolts*" (2025)
A still of "Thunderbolts*" showing Florence Pugh wear a black outfit and dark eyeliner.
Florence Pugh plays Yelena Belova.

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 88%

Marvel's second film of 2025 sees a bunch of B-list antiheroes (sorry, but it's true!) led by Florence Pugh (Yelena Belova/Black Widow) come together to fight a mysterious, shadowy new villain known as the Void (or Bob, depending on the day).

"That's why 'Thunderbolts*' is so much better than most of Marvel's post-Endgame films. It's not just because it's a rough-edged, big-hearted spy thriller about lovably clueless anti-heroes. It's because it has an actor as charismatic as Pugh at its center," wrote Nicholas Barber for the BBC.

22. "Doctor Strange" (2016)
stephen strange benedict cumberbatch

Disney/Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 89%

Cumberbatch joined the MCU to play Dr. Stephen Strange, a hot-shot surgeon who loses the use of his hands after a brutal car crash and seeks out sorcerers who can help him regain his strength.

As Richard Brody wrote in The New Yorker, the film "lives up to its title, in mostly good ways."

18 (tie). "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" (2014)
captain america the winter soldier

Disney/Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

If "Captain America: The First Avenger" was Marvel's take on a WWII drama, "Winter Soldier" is the MCU's version of a tense, political thriller as Cap uncovers multiple layers of conspiracy within the US government, and must go on the run from his presumed-dead best friend Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan), now brainwashed into the murderous assassin the Winter Soldier.

"'Captain America: The Winter Soldier' delivers the superhero movie goods, but it does so with a grin and a wink, and that seems more and more like the right way to approach these things," wrote Jason Bailey for Flavorwire.

18 (tie). "Captain America: Civil War" (2016)
captain america civil war

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

Essentially an "Avengers" movie, "Captain America: Civil War" sees Captain America team up with his friends Falcon (Anthony Mackie), Hawkeye (Jeremy Renner), Wanda Maximoff (Elizabeth Olsen), and Ant-Man (Paul Rudd) to save his friend Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan) from getting wrongfully convicted for a bombing at the United Nations.

Cap goes up against Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr.), Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson), Vision (Paul Bettany), and War Machine (Don Cheadle) in order to save his friend.

Of course, this movie is also famous for introducing Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa, aka Black Panther, and Tom Holland as the MCU's version of Peter Parker, aka Spider-Man.

"It is one of the best movies to ever come out of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, balancing engaging action set pieces and witty dialogue with intelligent character studies and ethical debates," wrote Salon's Matthew Rozsa.

18 (tie). "Werewolf by Night" (2022)
Werewolf by Night
Gael Garcia Bernal plays Jack Russell in "Werewolf by Night."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

Gael García Bernal entered the MCU as Jack Russell, an apparent monster hunter who's actually hiding a secret: Every full moon, he turns into a full-on bloodthirsty werewolf. Shot entirely in black and white, "Werewolf by Night" successfully evoked the monster movies that Universal Studios became famous for.

"'Werewolf By Night' is a charming tribute not only to the pulpy horror comics on which it's based but to the scary and silly classic cinema that a generation of film lovers grew up watching late at night on local television," wrote Dylan Routh for the Observer.

18 (tie). "Spider-Man: Brand New Day" (2026)
tom holland brand new day
Tom Holland in "Spider-Man: Brand New Day."

Sony Pictures Releasing

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

The fourth installment in Tom Holland's "Spider-Man" saga premiered on July 31, 2026, a full decade after his first appearance as the web-slinger. This film picks up after the events of "No Way Home," in which a spell caused everyone on Earth to forget about Peter Parker.

In it, Peter is living mainly as Spider-Man, but burnout and a new foe played by Sadie Sink threaten to upset the already precarious balance Peter has achieved in his life.

"Once again, Spider-Man proves to be the best reason to keep invested in the MCU," wrote Dominic Baez for the Seattle Times.

14 (tie). "The Avengers" (2012)
the avengers

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 91%

After four years of teasing out the six main Avengers (Iron Man, Captain America, Black Widow, Thor, Hawkeye, and Hulk), they all met up on the big screen for the first time in "The Avengers."

Under the watchful eye of Samuel L. Jackson's Nick Fury, viewers saw Earth's mightiest heroes team up for the first time to take out Thor's brother Loki as he attempted to conquer the world on behalf of a mysterious purple alien.

"A mega-budget action extravaganza that succeeds on just about every level, and it's one you should certainly go and see as soon as possible," wrote Luke Holland for NME.

14 (tie). "Spider-Man: Far From Home" (2019)
Spider-Man in Far From Home
Spider-Man almost let's out an expletive at the end of "Far From Home" when his identity is revealed.

Columbia Pictures

Rotten Tomatoes score: 91%

Picking up a few months after the events of "Avengers: Endgame," Peter Parker/Spider-Man must figure out how to balance his life as a web-slinging superhero and a simple teenager with a crush on his friend MJ, played by a delightful Zendaya. Add in a truly unhinged Jake Gyllenhaal performance as Quentin Beck/Mysterio, and you have the makings of a solid Spidey film.

"The stakes this time turn out to be considerably lower, and your friendly neighborhood Spider-Teen is arguably just the guy to bring things down to Earth and reestablish a human scale," said NPR's Bob Mondello.

14 (tie). "Guardians of the Galaxy" (2014)
gotg
"Guardians of the Galaxy."

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

Rotten Tomatoes score: 91%

At the time, it was a huge swing for Marvel to entrust writer/director James Gunn with bringing one of the lesser-known superhero teams into the MCU — but, as we know, it was one of the smartest gambles Marvel ever made.

"Guardians," led by the ever-charming Chris Pratt as Peter Quill, combines hilarious jokes with a genuinely sweet story about found family: In this case, Peter finds Gamora, Drax, Groot, and Rocket.

"Blessed with a loose, anarchic B-picture soul that encourages you to enjoy yourself even when you're not quite sure what's going on, the scruffy 'Guardians' is irreverent in a way that can bring the first 'Star Wars' to mind," wrote Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times.

14 (tie). "Wonder Man" (2026)
wonder man
Yahya Abul Mateen II and Ben Kingsley in "Wonder Man."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 91%

"Wonder Man" stars Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as Simon Williams, a struggling actor who has super-powers but doesn't want any part of them, since super-powered individuals in the MCU's version of Hollywood can't be actors.

Abdul-Mateen II was nominated for an Emmy for his performance.

Nadira Goffe of Slate wrote, "Despite it getting occasionally bogged down, 'Wonder Man' is a good show with a hero who is engaging to watch because he shows no interest in being one, and Abdul-Mateen II is excellent in it."

9 (tie). "Spider-Man: Homecoming" (2017)
spider man homecoming
"Spider-Man: Homecoming."

Marvel/Sony

Rotten Tomatoes score: 92%

"Spider-Man: Homecoming" was the third reboot of Spider-Man in 15 years, but somehow, once again, the powers that be managed to find a third actor who was just as qualified as his predecessors Tobey Maguire and Andrew Garfield to bring Spidey to life.

After his introduction in "Civil War," "Homecoming" focuses on Peter Parker's sweet bond with Tony Stark/Iron Man, and his realization that being a hero is about more than a cool suit.

"The youthful vibe of this character reset, with its sense of humor and its light touch, makes 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' one of the most enjoyable Marvel movies in years," wrote Chesapeake Family Magazine's Roxana Hadadi.

9 (tie). "WandaVision" (2021)
wandavision

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 92%

After years of being side characters, Wanda Maximoff and Vision, who are played by Elizabeth Olsen and Paul Bettany, respectively, were finally able to step into the spotlight.

And how lucky we were to see it. "WandaVision" remains one of the weirdest projects the MCU has put out, as the first few episodes skip through decades of sitcom classics like "Bewitched," "Malcolm in the Middle," and "Modern Family."

Olsen and Bettany were both nominated for Emmys for their performances in "WandaVision," and we couldn't agree more with the honor.

Richard Roeper wrote for the Chicago-Sun Times, "If you're one of those Marvel Cinematic Universe fans who feel it's time for something truly unique and different: Meet 'WandaVision.'"

9 (tie). "Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings" (2021)
Xialing, Shang-Chi, and Katy in Shang-Chi

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 92%

Simu Liu mentioned Marvel in a post on Twitter (now X) back in 2018, asking if they were "gonna talk or what #ShangChi."

Three years later, Liu debuted in his own solo film as Shang-Chi in "Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings." In it, Shang-Chi comes to accept his past as a member of his father's (played by the always wonderful Tony Leung) criminal organization, the Ten Rings, while protecting his mother's village from the attacks of a demon known as the Dweller-in-Darkness.

"It's a good movie. It's got a plausibly fearsome villain by way of Leung, a nice ensemble of heroic personalities, and a dose of actually-poignant family drama undergirding all the rest," wrote K. Austin Collins for Rolling Stone.

9 (tie). "Hawkeye" (2021)
Kate Bishop and Hawkeye in Hawkeye
Hailee Steinfeld will play Kate Bishop in the "Hawkeye" series alongside Jeremy Renner.

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 92%

"Hawkeye," starring Jeremy Renner and Hailee Steinfeld as two of the most talented archers in the world, was a refreshing change of pace; the stakes weren't cosmic.

Instead, it came down to Renner's Clint Barton and Steinfeld's Kate Bishop battling it out against a Russian mob with an affinity for tracksuits while dodging Wilson Fisk, aka Kingpin, played by Vincent D'Onofrio, brought back from the Netflix Marvel series limbo.

"The series was loosely inspired by the excellent Matt Fraction and David Aja run of 'Hawkeye' comics, and some of that fun makes its way into the show," wrote Vanity Fair's Sonia Saraiya.

9 (tie). "Eyes of Wakanda" (2025)
eyes of wakanda
Noni in "Eyes of Wakanda."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 92%

"Eyes of Wakanda" was released on Disney+ in August 2025 as a four-part animated event. It spans thousands of years of Wakandan history, showcasing various heroes who have held the mantle of Black Panther.

"Without a popular hero to lead with, 'Eyes of Wakanda' instead relies on the infinite potential of the Wakandan brand to great effect; the result is beautifully crafted but feels somewhat incomplete," wrote David Opie for Empire.

7 (tie). "Thor: Ragnarok" (2017)
Thor Ragnarok Thor vs Hulk
Thor and the Hulk face off in a gladiator-like ring on the planet Sakaar.

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 93%

"Ragnarok" was one of the most impressive feats in MCU history — the other three "Thor" movies are among some of the lowest-rated MCU movies, while "Ragnarok" is in the top 10 of all Marvel movies, period.

This comes down to director Taika Waititi, who was able to infuse his signature style and tone into the MCU in this cosmic adventure that's also a straight-up comedy, following Thor on his journey to prevent the total destruction of his home world, Asgard.

"Beautifully filmed with serious kinetic energy by director Taika Waititi, with a crackling script, 'Thor: Ragnarok' is a heap of fun. Cue 'Immigrant Song,'" wrote Kristen Lopez for Culturess.

7 (tie). "Spider-Man: No Way Home" (2021)
MJ and Spider-Man jumping off a platform in "Spider-Man: No Way Home."
Zendaya and Tom Holland in "Spider-Man: No Way Home."

Sony Pictures

Rotten Tomatoes score: 93%

"Spider-Man: No Way Home's" charms are impossible to deny, even if the plot has more holes than Swiss cheese.

For Marvel movie fans, it's hard to imagine something more satisfying than seeing Tom Holland, Andrew Garfield, and Tobey Maguire together on screen, discussing their rogues' galleries, Tobey's weird web situation, or how with great power comes great responsibility.

"Throughout all of it, the weird and complex history of Spider-Man as a cinematic icon isn't a hindrance to the story; instead, it's an enhancement, using the quirks of the character's legacy as a source of illumination into why he has endured so long," wrote Liz Shannon Miller of Consequence.

5 (tie). "Iron Man" (2008)
iron man 2008

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 94%

The reason that pop culture is what it is today can be boiled down to the mega-success of this movie, which set up an entire cinematic universe, revived Robert Downey Jr.'s career, and boosted director Jon Favreau's status so high that he's now basically one of the auteurs of the entire "Star Wars" universe.

But this film is simple: Billionaire weapons manufacturer Tony Stark (Downey) is kidnapped by a group of terrorists, who lead him to discover that his weapons are landing in the wrong hands. So, he builds a suit of armor and becomes a superhero.

"Led by Downey's career-resurrecting performance as billionaire weapons peddler Tony Stark, it proves just as indispensable to the movie's giddy escapist appeal as the seamless CGI effects and eye-popping pyrotechnics," wrote Craig Outhier of the Orange County Register.

5 (tie). "Avengers: Endgame" (2019)
Robert Downey Jr. as Iron Man, holding up a gauntlet with six stones, in "Avengers: Endgame."
Robert Downey Jr. as Iron Man in "Avengers: Endgame."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 94%

"Endgame," as a movie, is a magic trick. Somehow, this movie crams in 11 years of MCU storytelling, every major character from all of the films, travels back in time to essentially walk through the universe's greatest hits, has real stakes, and makes a three-hour movie fly by.

When the Avengers decide to try to undo Thanos' universe-shattering snap, the original crew from the 2012 movie (with a few notable additions like Karen Gillan's Nebula, Paul Rudd's Ant-Man, and Don Cheadle's War Machine), travel through Marvel history to find the Infinity Stones.

"Eleven years of Universe building, and this is the crescendo. It really pays off, I've never seen anything quite like it," said James Luxford on the BBC.

4. "The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special" (2022)
Chris Pratt as Peter Quill/Star-Lord and Dave Bautista as Drax in "The Guardians of the Galaxy: Holiday Special" on Disney Plus
Chris Pratt and Dave Bautista in "The Guardians of the Galaxy: Holiday Special."

Marvel

Rotten Tomatoes score: 95%

Marvel's second special presentation was this 44-minute holiday special focusing on the Guardians trying to give the still-mourning Peter Quill the perfect Christmas with the help of his hero Kevin Bacon.

"Adept at taking B-level comic book characters and turning them into franchise hits, [director James] Gunn does a lot with a little here with Marvel's first-ever holiday special," wrote The Wrap's Karama Horne.

3. "Black Panther" (2018)
Black Panther

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

Rotten Tomatoes score: 96%

After Chadwick Boseman was introduced in "Captain America: Civil War" as Black Panther, fans were waiting with bated breath for his solo film — and they weren't disappointed. "Black Panther" is a riveting story, where the "villain" (a supremely cast Michael B. Jordan as Killmonger) has a very compelling point and even gets the hero, T'Challa, to change his mind.

Supported by all-stars like Angela Bassett, Forest Whitaker, Daniel Kaluuya, Lupita Nyong'o, Danai Gurira, and Sterling K. Brown, along with newer finds like Letitia Wright and Winston Duke, "Black Panther" is special. To date, it's the only Marvel movie to be nominated for best picture at the Academy Awards.

"'Black Panther' is a revelation, the first film from the Marvel Cinematic Universe that truly feels like an of-the-moment masterwork that also happens to be a comic-book movie," wrote Roxana Hadadi of Chesapeake Family Magazine.

2. "Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man" (2025)
your friendly neighborhood spider-man
"Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man."

Disney+

Rotten Tomatoes score: 97%

"Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man" is an animated series set in an alternate reality. It tells the origin story of yet another Peter Parker, this time voiced by Hudson Thames.

"'Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man' is surprisingly mature for being this energetic and squishy, a PG-rated take that treats its teen characters with respect by not insulting their intelligence or limiting their growth," wrote Jarrod Jones for The AV Club.

1. "Ms. Marvel" (2022)
Iman Vellani as Ms. Marvel with a glowing fist
Iman Vellani in "Ms. Marvel."

Marvel Studios

Rotten Tomatoes score: 98%

"Ms. Marvel" stars newcomer Iman Vellani as Kamala Khan, a normal teenager who stans Captain Marvel (aka Carol Danvers) — and when she finds an otherworldly bangle connected to her family history, she's able to become more similar to her favorite heroes than she ever thought possible.

With a distinct, fun visual style and amazing supporting performances across the board, "Ms. Marvel" has established a high benchmark for the MCU Disney+ series.

"'Ms. Marvel' doesn't reinvent the superhero wheel. Instead, it dips it in gold and bedazzles it with eye-melting visuals," wrote Eric Francisco of Inverse.

All scores mentioned above are accurate at the time of publication, but are subject to change.

Read the original article on Business Insider

  •  

Katie Zacharia is 'transitioning out' as Trump’s White House press secretary. Here's what to know about her life and career.

Katie Zacharia held her first press briefing at the White House on Tuesday.
Katie Zacharia held her first press briefing at the White House on Tuesday.

Kevin Lamarque/Reuters

  • President Donald Trump chose Katie Zacharia to serve as the new White House press secretary.
  • Five days later, a White House official said that she is "transitioning out" of the role.
  • She succeeded Karoline Leavitt, who left the job in August.

Katie Zacharia held her first briefing as White House press secretary on Tuesday, taking over the role previously held by Karoline Leavitt.

Days later, a White House official confirmed to Business Insider that she is "transitioning out" of the role after Trump said that he told her to reconsider.

Zacharia was the second press secretary to serve in Trump's second term, and the sixth across his two non-consecutive terms. Leavitt left the job in August to spend more time with her young children.

In a Truth Social post announcing his hiring of Zacharia, President Donald Trump wrote that "She has an unblemished record of support, and has been a loyal and brilliant supporter, right from the beginning," adding that "She is, likewise, a devoted fan and member of MAGA!"

Zacharia did not respond to requests for comment from Business Insider on Friday, after her departure was announced.

Here's what to know about her.

What was Katie Zacharia doing before this?

Katie Zacharia on the South Lawn of the White House.
Katie Zacharia on the South Lawn of the White House.

Brendan SMIALOWSKI / AFP via Getty Images

Zacharia previously worked as a senior communications advisor at Trump Media and Technology Group, which runs Truth Social, a White House official confirmed to Business Insider.

Zacharia previously worked as a spokesperson for former Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem at the Department of Homeland Security, and as a commentator for Fox News and Newsmax.

Her LinkedIn profile also indicates that she serves as general counsel for the conservative nonprofit Fix California, and served as a White House intern in 2006, during President George W. Bush's second term.

Is Katie Zacharia a lawyer?

Zacharia earned a bachelor's degree in political science and government from Pepperdine University and a law degree from Pepperdine Caruso School of Law.

She has described herself as a lawyer, but she confirmed to Fox News' Sean Hannity on Thursday that she sat for the California bar exam but did not pass it or retake it.

"I had already preregistered for the bar exam," she said. "Basically, during the summer, I knew I would be living in China and the results of the bar were inconsequential, and I sat for it because I didn't want to have a withdrawal status."

Zacharia's LinkedIn profile lists her as working as an associate at the Beijing law firm Zhong Lun from August 2011 to June 2013.

Zacharia added that she "consulted attorneys and legal professionals" to confirm that she could call herself a lawyer and offer legal analysis on cable news since she holds a law degree and had "actual substantive legal experience."

Zacharia told Business Insider in a statement that she "practiced international transaction law, with all the appropriate credentials."

The White House referred Business Insider to Zacharia's comments on Fox News.

Who is Katie Zacharia's husband?

Tyler Zacharia and Katie Zacharia at the premiere of "David."
Tyler Zacharia and Katie Zacharia at the premiere of "David."

Tibrina Hobson/Getty Images

Zacharia is married to film producer Tyler Zacharia, who has produced movies such as "Young Washington" and "David" with Angel Studios, a production company specializing in faith-based films.

He also served as an executive producer of the 2019 movie "The Irishman" starring Robert De Niro and Al Pacino, according to his IMDb page.

They wed in 2011.

Does Katie Zacharia have children?

Zacharia and her husband share four children, ages 12, 10, 8, and 6.

At her first press briefing, when Zacharia was asked about balancing work and motherhood, she said her family was planning to move from California to Washington, DC, so she could be present with them while working in the White House. She also called Trump "the most family-friendly president we've ever had."

"The fact that he knew I had four kids, and he knew that this job would be demanding, and still placed his trust in me, shows that I know I'm capable of being able to step up to that," she said.

This is a developing story. Please check back for updates.

Read the original article on Business Insider

  •  

Disney agreed to pay $60 million to 66 employees from an AI startup that filed for bankruptcy, weeks after tech layoffs

D'Amaro Anand
Disney CEO Josh D'Amaro plans to hire employees from Character.AI, where new tech chief Karandeep Anand worked.

Taylor Hill/FilmMagic; Manaure Quintero / AFP via Getty Images

  • Disney plans to pay $60 million to hire 66 employees from Character.AI, which filed for bankruptcy.
  • Former Character.AI Karandeep Anand is Disney's new chief technology officer.
  • CEO Josh D'Amaro's company laid off tech staffers in September in its third round of cuts this year.

Disney is paying up for employees from an AI chatbot startup that filed for bankruptcy, shortly after trimming its own tech workforce.

The Mouse House plans to pay $60 million per year to 66 workers from Character.AI, according to a Chapter 11 filing on Tuesday from its parent company. In mid-September, Disney hired Character.AI CEO Karandeep Anand to be its first-ever company-wide tech chief. (The company hasn't yet disclosed how much it's paying Anand.)

These additions are part of Disney's AI strategy under CEO Josh D'Amaro, who's been investing in the media giant's tech platforms to help jumpstart a stagnant stock that's up less than 2% in the last 12 months and is down over 36% in the last five years.

Disney's decision to bring in these Character.AI staffers came two weeks after it laid off several hundred workers — including some tech employees. The late-September cuts were Disney's third major round of layoffs since D'Amaro took over in mid-March.

In addition to the $60 million in compensation, Disney is setting aside an additional $30 million for an "aggregate retention pool" to incentivize Character.AI employees to stay. The company expects to spend $180 million on "total compensation and retention" for these staffers in the next three years, the filing said.

Of the 66 Character.AI staffers who were offered jobs by Disney, 56 have already resigned from the AI startup, while the other 10 are waiting for the US government to update their work visas.

Entertainment lawyer Corey Martin of Granderson Des Rochers, who advises companies on media transactions, said he's not surprised by those pay figures since Character.AI's employees are its biggest asset.

"They're highly compensated employees. The numbers can be eye-popping, but it's not that unusual in this space," said Martin, who didn't work on the deal or with Disney.

Disney also agreed to pay $20 million for Character.AI's key assets, including some of its IP and tech. Other companies can submit competing bids for the assets by November 20. The entire process will be overseen by a bankruptcy court judge. Disney didn't respond to requests for comment for this story.

Character.AI filed for bankruptcy after facing lawsuits from families who alleged that their teenagers harmed themselves or committed suicide after using the company's custom AI chatbots. The AI startup and Google, one of its backers, settled several child safety lawsuits earlier this year.

Disney sent a cease-and-desist letter to Character.AI last fall, telling it not to create AI chatbots featuring its copyrighted characters without permission. Character.AI complied, removing chatbots with characters from Disney franchises like Star Wars and Marvel.

In its bankruptcy announcement, Character.AI said that it had been facing "significant legal, regulatory, and operational headwinds."

Anand told Disney employees in a memo last Friday that the Mouse House was "uniquely positioned to win" in a competitive media business that he said was "at an inflection point." The tech chief also said he enjoyed meeting his new colleagues and looked forward to working with them.

"What stands out most is the talent and care this team puts into its work, the craft Disney has perfected, and the strong foundation you've built," Anand said.

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An interior designer shares 9 things she'd never have in her own kitchen

A general interior view of an old English country cottage style kitchen, with black and white tiled floor, painted dining table with stained wood top with chairs and bar stools, blue cabinets, chandelier, bare brick chimney breast with Aga range cooker, large clock, chunky wooden mantel shelf and exposed ceiling roof timber beams
Designing a kitchen that's comfortable and functional can be challenging.

John Keeble/Getty Images

  • We asked interior designer Lane Mari to share which design trends she'd never have in her kitchen.
  • The designer said she stays away from cheap appliances and synthetic materials.
  • She also avoids black hardware and harsh overhead lighting in favor of warmer materials and shades.

The kitchen is often one of the most-used spaces in a home, whether you're cooking for family or hosting friends.

With so much time spent there, the design choices you make can have a big impact on how the space looks and feels.

To help you avoid any kitchen-design missteps, Business Insider asked Lane Mari, an interior designer with experience in both design and construction, what she'd never have in her own kitchen and what she recommends instead.

Here's what she had to say.

Black hardware can stand out too much.
Light wood cabinet with black hardware
Black hardware can look harsh against lighter cabinets.

Tyler Smiley/Getty Images

When it comes to kitchen-cabinet pulls, Mari is skipping black hardware.

"It's too harsh and creates too much contrast on a white or light cabinet," Mari told BI.

If she wants something dark, she'll usually go for oil-rubbed bronze hardware instead. Its warm undertones can help make it look more balanced in a space.

Not all kitchens need an island.
Kitchen with wood table, navy cabinets, large glass sliding doots
A vintage piece of furniture can make a kitchen feel more elevated.

10'000 Hours/Getty Images

Though kitchen islands are popular, they don't work in every space — especially not in smaller or awkwardly arranged ones.

"It never looks good to have something crammed in that doesn't really fit," she told BI.

Before committing to an island, Mari recommends consulting with a designer to get its scale just right. In some cases, you might realize a traditional option isn't the right fit.

If that's the case, she said, you can try having a more open piece of furniture custom-made to better suit the space.

Leaving a small gap above kitchen cabinets can look unintentional.
A kitchen with a gold faucet on a granite countertop,dark wood cabinets, stainless steel appliances, and gold pendant lights hanging above the island.

Joe Hendrickson/Getty Images

Mari said she often sees cabinets that stop 2 to 3 inches below the ceiling, but it's not her preference. In many cases, it can look like a design mistake.

"If you have shorter ceilings, like 9 feet and under, you definitely want the cabinets going to the ceiling," Mari told BI. "That's going to make the ceiling look taller."

For taller ceilings, she said, cabinets can look best if they intentionally stop farther below the ceiling rather than leaving just a few inches of space.

You won't find an all-black-and-white kitchen in her home.
A luxury kitchen with black cabinets, granite counter top, tiled backsplash, stainless steel appliances, and chrome faucets.

Joe Hendrickson/Getty Images

The designer loves color and incorporates it into her kitchen designs rather than sticking to a black-and-white palette.

Mari recognizes how challenging and overwhelming it can be to choose colors to incorporate into a home, but she has a few tips.

"The best place to get color inspo is from your own closet in the clothes that you wear," she said. Clothes that look good on you can look great in your house — and make you look good in your home, too, she said.

If your closet doesn't offer much inspiration, Mari suggests looking to favorite vacation spots or outdoor spaces instead. Though she gravitates toward natural colors, she said the shades you choose should ultimately make you feel most at ease in your home.

She skips synthetic materials in favor of natural ones that develop character over time.
Kitchen with dishrack, black faucet, stone countertops and backdrop

Tfilm/Getty Images

When choosing materials for a kitchen, Mari opts for stone and wood over synthetic alternatives.

"Natural materials, although they might be a little bit more sensitive, wear better," Mari told BI.

She added that these surfaces can develop a patina over time, giving them more character as they age. On the other hand, manufactured materials don't tend to wear in the same way.

Countertops aren't an area where she'd skimp.
Large kithchen with white countertops, grey cabinets,  large range hood above stove

sheilasay/Getty Images

For this designer, high-quality countertops are worth investing in.

"If you're going for an elevated and high-end look in the kitchen, I suggest choosing the nicest natural stone that you can afford," she told BI.

Quartzite is one of her favorites for its strength and durability, and she also likes marble. She suggests visiting a stoneyard, choosing a stone that speaks to you, and designing the rest of the kitchen around it.

You also won't find her opting for the cheapest appliances.
White cabinets in kitchen with fridge hidden behind cabinet doors

Rick Madonik/Toronto Star via Getty Images

The designer said she often sees clients dealing with lower-priced appliances breaking or arriving damaged, which is why she recommends investing in quality when possible.

"Do your research and get the best ones that you can afford," she said.

For a higher-end look, the designer prefers to conceal appliances with panel-ready options integrated into the cabinetry. She also said retro-inspired styles are a more aesthetically pleasing alternative if integrated appliances aren't an option.

Too much overhead lighting can make a kitchen feel less cozy.
A general interior view of of a modern grey fitted kitchen with white painted walls, island breakfast bar with bar stools, parquet hardwood flooring, recessed lights

John Keeble/Getty Images

According to Mari, it is absolutely possible to have too much lighting in a kitchen.

She avoids track lighting and recessed lights, which can give off way too much light and make a kitchen feel more like an operating room, she said.

Instead, the designer prefers wall-mounted sconces, small lamps, or other forms of task lighting to provide "a warm and cozy vibe."

In addition, Mari recommends installing dimmer switches whenever possible to help set the mood and give you more control over the amount of light in the space.

Lastly, you won't see her jumping on kitchen trends unless they truly fit her vibe and needs.
Kitchen interior with light green cabinets, large rustic white porcelain sink and

Kseniya Ovchinnikova/Getty Images

There's nothing wrong with following the latest design trends, like colorful lighting strips under cabinets or mosaic-tile backsplashes, as long as you truly like them and they work for you.

"Every space is unique, and every family is different, and the best kitchen is the one that functions best for your needs," Mari said.

For her, designing a kitchen is about personalizing the space to fit each client's needs and lifestyle rather than following a trend simply because it's popular.

If she is going to hop on a trend in her kitchen, it's going to be because it suits her tastes and her lifestyle.

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Harvard's bet on SpaceX helped its endowment grow faster than the S&P 500

Elon Musk's net worth exceeds $1 trillion.
Harvard's investment in Elon Musk's SpaceX has paid off.

Matt Rourke/AP

  • Harvard's endowment returned a five-year high of 27.1% in the 12 months to June 30, besting the S&P 500.
  • The Ivy League college counted a $2.2 billion SpaceX stake as its top Q2 portfolio holding by far.
  • Harvard's endowment grew to almost $68 billion after accounting for taxes, gifts, and distributions.

Harvard University delivered its best investment return in five years as its bet on SpaceX boosted its stock portfolio.

The elite college's endowment returned 27.1% in the fiscal year ended June 30, its annual financial report revealed on Thursday. That comfortably outpaced the benchmark S&P 500's 22.3% total return over the same period.

After accounting for taxes, distributions, and gifts, Harvard's endowment grew by $11 billion to nearly $68 billion.

Harvard Management Company's stake in Elon Musk's maker of Starship rockets, Starlink satellites, and AI chatbot Grok was worth $2.2 billion at the end of June, per its second-quarter portfolio disclosure.

SpaceX was its number-one holding, more than six times more valuable than its second-biggest position, a sub-$350 million stake in Taiwan Semiconductor.

Its next-largest positions — each worth over $150 million — were Cerebras, Amazon, Alphabet, and Nvidia. Its 19 holdings at the end of June were together worth about $4.3 billion, more than double the portfolio's $1.8 billion value three months earlier.

Harvard said the strong performance of its endowment, which is nearly 400 years old and comprises about 15,000 individual funds, helped it weather the "abrupt termination of federal research grants" by the Trump administration.

It's worth noting that 13-F portfolio disclosures are a snapshot of a fund's US stock holdings on a certain date. They don't include foreign-listed stocks, non-stock assets like bonds or real estate, private investments, or stocks sold short.

Harvard said that as of June 30, 14% of its endowment was invested in public equities, 29% in hedge funds, 46% in private equity, 4% in real estate, and the balance elsewhere.

Harvard declined to comment when contacted by Business Insider.

SpaceX's valuation has whipsawed since the aerospace company went public on June 12. Its market capitalization topped $2.4 trillion on June 20, then tanked to $1.4 trillion by August 1, and has since rallied to around $2 trillion.

Musk's company posted a 92% year-on-year revenue jump for the quarter ended June, helping narrow its net loss from $1 billion to $541 million.

The world's richest man recently posted on X that he sees a path for SpaceX to be worth "orders of magnitude more than the current Earth economy," implying its stock could rise at least 6,000-fold to $12 quadrillion over time.

He later clarified that wasn't a "statement of extreme confidence," but he believes the probability of achieving that valuation is "not zero." On October 14, he said he expects SpaceX to be worth more than $100 trillion in the next 10 years.

Harvard is one of several shareholders to reveal a sizable stake in SpaceX. Google parent Alphabet reported a roughly 4% stake valued at $94 billion as of the end of June. Longtime Musk associate Peter Thiel disclosed a 3.2% position worth $73 billion held by his Founders Fund and related entities. AI chipmaker Nvidia has a $21 billion stake.

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I quit Wall Street at 34 to live out of my car. My best friend thought I'd lost my mind.

Woman camping
The author left her career and went camping.

Courtesy of the author

  • Our friendship developed during years when our lives looked very similar.
  • When I took a divergent path, and she didn't understand, I thought I would lose her.
  • The challenge of our differences brought us to a place of more honesty, deepening our connection.

When I told my best friend I was quitting my Wall Street legal career to spend a year camping and exploring the American West, she looked at me aghast and said, "You're joking, right?"

Her response wasn't surprising. I hadn't exactly been honest with her, or myself, about how much I longed for a very different life than the one I was living.

At the time, we were 34 years old, and during the prior 16 years of friendship, our lives had run parallel tracks, studying business in college, then pursuing demanding careers in East Coast cities. While we'd seen each other through heartbreaks and upheavals, this was more than that. This was a significant detour, and as she looked at me, her face flush with confusion, I wasn't sure the detour was something our friendship would survive.

For years, our lives aligned

Erin and I met freshman year in college as scholarship runners on a highly competitive Division I Track Team. While our four years there weren't exactly conducive to honesty or vulnerability, it bonded us in a deep way.

After graduation, we shifted our attention and drive toward corporate careers, supporting each other in these often-stressful pursuits. With our finances closely aligned, we traveled, dined, and indulged at the spa together. More than that, during those years, Erin became my anchor. She's the one I called in the middle of the night when the man I thought I was going to marry walked out, and the one who made me laugh harder than anyone else, especially amid life's disappointments.

Woman camping
The author and her friend had similar paths, and they hadn't questioned them.

Courtesy of the author

Yet, by our early 30s, we'd only ever let ourselves be so vulnerable with each other. While I often shared my frustrations with the strain of my career, I never talked about alternatives, especially one as drastic as quitting to camp and live out of a used car.

I worried that taking a different path would end our friendship

When I decided to quit and plunge toward a very different life, Erin wasn't the only person who questioned this choice, but she was the most important. Plus, now living off my savings, I could no longer afford many activities at the center of our friendship.

When Erin came to help pack up my apartment, she continued to express skepticism about my plan to live for a while without a plan. Thinking about the infinity symbol when we said goodbye, I wasn't sure we'd ever meet back at the center.

To my surprise, she showed up for me in unexpected ways

During the early days of my trip, Erin began asking for updates on how it was going, and I began sharing details. The first night I camped alone, I sent her a photo of my tent overlooking the Colorado River and confessed how scared I was, because despite my plans to spend a year camping, I'd never actually camped by myself before that night. She responded with the same enthusiasm and encouragement that had buoyed me for years.

Woman atop mountain
The author worried their different paths would end their friendship.

Courtesy of the author

These conversations continued over the months that followed. When poor planning on a trail run landed me in a stranger's car for the night, she was the one I called to recount the tale and laugh over my mistakes. And on her birthday, I sent her a celebratory photograph from a 14,000-foot peak. It wasn't that she still had questions about what, exactly, I was doing with my life; it was that, at some point, she let go of her hesitations and began trying to understand my motivations.

This culminated with her request to join me for a backpacking trip — something she'd never done. We spent two nights in Arizona's Superstition Mountains, where my ease in the wilderness clashed with her tentativeness. And though we had fun, when she questioned whether I understood how to read a map as we searched for a water source, I was sure I'd never do something like that with her again.

Of course, I did, many times over, because through the friction, this truth surfaced: We'd always been very different people, and now, we were just living in those differences. The challenge of that, and her willingness to embrace it, brought us closer than ever.

Over the years, as I became more honest about who I was, she, too, became more honest about who she was. A decade later, our lives still look very different, and still, Erin is my anchor.

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Questions about Katie Zacharia's credentials have recruiters talking about how they vet candidates

Katie Zacharia and President Donald Trump.
Then-White House press secretary Katie Zacharia held her first press briefing Tuesday.

Win McNamee/Getty Images

  • Questions about now-former press secretary Katie Zacharia's legal credentials put résumé claims in the spotlight.
  • Recruiters share how they've caught candidates inventing jobs, faking degrees, or exaggerating their past.
  • Nearly 4 out of 10 Americans admit to putting inaccurate information on their résumés, a survey found.

For corporate recruiters like Martha Heller, asking questions about a job candidate's credentials — like the kind that swirled around now-former White House press secretary Katie Zacharia this week — is par for the course.

When a background check failed to verify an executive candidate's college degree a few years ago, Heller inquired about the discrepancy. The candidate, who was being considered for a job at a California insurance company, claimed a flood at his school had destroyed the records from the year he graduated. Skeptical, Heller called the college and learned that no such event had occurred.

"It was like detective work," she said, adding that the problem wasn't whether the candidate had a college degree. It was that he misrepresented his education and then doubled down when questioned, she said.

White House controversy

Zacharia's self-described legal career has been the subject of intense scrutiny in recent days following her appointment as White House press secretary. When asked by a reporter what state she passed the bar exam in, she responded, "When I moved to China."

Business Insider reviewed records for all 50 states and the District of Columbia and found no evidence that Zacharia had been admitted to any state bar in the US after she graduated with a law degree from Pepperdine University in 2011.

Zacharia later defended calling herself a lawyer, saying that after failing the bar exam the first time, she did not take it a second time. On Friday, a White House official confirmed that she is "transitioning out" of the role.

Vetting résumés

One of a recruiter's jobs is to vet a candidate's background. Research suggests it's not uncommon for candidates to exaggerate their credentials.

Some 37% of Americans said they've put inaccurate information on their résumés, according to a June report from Novorésumé, an online résumé-building service. Nearly 7% said they'd claimed a degree, certification, or other credential they didn't possess, while 6.1% said they'd listed a job that didn't exist or was substantially fabricated. The findings are based on a May survey of 2,000 US adults.

Brian Fink, a managing partner at tech recruiting firm The ReWork Group, can relate. Last year, a candidate for a senior marketing job at a cybersecurity company was on the verge of being hired when a background check failed to confirm that he'd worked for a company listed as a past employer on his résumé and LinkedIn profile.

Fink said he gave the candidate an opportunity to provide evidence supporting his claim, but the man refused.

"I had no choice but to rescind the offer," said Fink. "If you're willing to lie about your education, what else are you willing to lie about?"

Background checks

Recruiters typically wait until a job candidate is a finalist to conduct a background check because the task is time-consuming and costly. They also tend to hold off contacting references early on to avoid tipping off the person's current employer that they're job hunting. Early in the process, though, some recruiters will look for potential red flags by probing inconsistencies or gaps in candidates' work histories.

Doug Johnson, CEO of executive search firm Valor Partners, said he asks candidates at the end of an interview if there's anything embarrassing or potentially damaging in their past that might come up during a background or reference check. He tells them that disclosing it now gives them a chance to address the issue with a prospective employer, while discovering it later could cost them the job.

Most candidates say there's nothing to be concerned about, said Johnson. But some subsequently fall off the radar, and others suddenly report receiving a raise or finding a better opportunity elsewhere.

"It worries people who have a conscience," he said.

Update: October 16, 2026 — This article has been updated to reflect Friday's news that Zacharia is out of the role.

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Starlink is a 'major card' for Ukraine, soldiers say, but surprise restrictions show the risks of overreliance

A soldier operates a Ukrainian drone.
The sudden disruption of Ukraine's military-grade Starlink access has exposed a key vulnerability.

Dmytro Smolienko via Reuters Connect

  • Ukraine's access to military-grade Starlink services was suddenly disrupted this week.
  • Kyiv said the disruption affected critical Ukrainian drone operations.
  • Ukrainians say the incident exposes the risks of relying so heavily on a single communications platform.

The sudden disruption to Ukraine's access to military-grade Starlink services this week shows the risks of overly relying on any single platform, particularly one beyond Kyiv's control, for mission-critical battlefield communications, Ukrainian soldiers, officials, and defense companies told Business Insider.

With those risks front of mind, Ukrainians are working to diversify military-related communications platforms beyond Starlink.

Ukrainian officials and soldiers were surprised on Wednesday by an unexpected disruption to Starshield, SpaceX's dedicated satellite network for military services. Defense ministry sources said speeds were restricted above 100 miles per hour, though some units experienced a loss of connectivity at speeds as low as 45 mph.

Services appeared to have been at least partially restored by Thursday. The full extent of the disruption remains unclear, but the incident has left some Ukrainians feeling uneasy.

Yehor Cherniev, deputy chairman of the Ukrainian parliament's national security, defense, and intelligence committee, told Business Insider that the disruption underscores the risks of relying on a single communications platform. He said Kyiv is working to diversify its sources, but declined to specify how.

Yuriy, an officer with Ukraine's National Guard, told Business Insider that his units use Starshield to support drone operations, and several missions were spoiled during the disruption. He asked to be identified only by his first name for security purposes.

Yuriy said that while Starlink services are useful, the disruption exposes their unreliability. He said he would try to find alternate communications systems.

Alternatives to Starlink could be hard to find, though. Eutelsat, a large French satellite operator, saw its shares surge after this week's disruption, but Ukrainians say there is nothing else quite like what SpaceX offers.

"There is no working alternative to Starlink," said Dimko Zhluktenko, a soldier with Ukraine's 413th Unmanned Systems Regiment, calling it "an outstanding product."

Starlink was in the position of one of the units of the 505th Marine Battalion in the Novopavlivka direction on April 1, 2026, in unspecified Ukraine.
Ukrainian forces are heavily reliant on Starshield, particularly for drone operations.

Ivan Antypenko/Suspilne Ukraine/JSC UA:PBC/Global Images Ukraine via Getty Images

"No direct competitor comes close," he told Business Insider, adding that "Europe has nothing comparable at this level of battlefield readiness."

SpaceX did not respond to requests for comment from Business Insider this week.

Ukraine relies on Starlink for battlefield communications and drone warfare, a dependence that was underscored by the disruption. Defense ministry sources said the disruption complicated important drone operations, including mid-range strikes, air defense intercepts, and front-line logistics.

Ukraine uses both Starshield and Starlink, SpaceX's commercial satellite internet service, to extend the reach of its drones, maintain stable communications in electronically contested environments, and conduct remote operations far beyond the front lines.

Satellite connections allow operators to control drones and receive live video without relying on traditional radio links, which have limited ranges and are much more vulnerable to electronic warfare interference.

The tech has been integrated into systems such as Perennial Autonomy's Hornet drones, as well as Ukrainian naval drones used to strike Russian targets in the Black Sea, among others.

Many Ukrainian defense companies have integrated Starlink services into their broader infrastructure, even if their products don't necessarily depend on it for operations.

Some firms, such as SkyFall, maker of the widely used P1-SUN interceptor drone, told Business Insider that they have developed their own communication methods or use alternative systems to avoid scenarios where a single technology outside Ukrainian control could become a significant point of failure, as it did this week.

"Depending on a single solution is very risky. Especially if you don't have full control over it," a spokesperson for Wild Hornets, the firm behind the popular Sting interceptor drone, told Business Insider. "Especially when it comes to something as critical on the battlefield as communications."

The spokesperson said this is "exactly why our ecosystem is built around our own communications technology and is open to various solutions when it comes to internet connectivity."

A MAGURA V5, a Ukrainian multi-purpose unmanned surface vehicle (USV).
Ukrainian soldiers, officials, and defense firms say relying on one communications source is a risk.

Pavlo Bahmut/Ukrinform/Sipa USA via Reuters Connect

For anyone working with technologies that are dominated by a single provider, the risks are clear, said the head of hardware research and development at BlueBird Tech, a defense firm that makes drones and robots. They told Business Insider that Starlink has virtually no competitors because of its coverage, cost, availability, and ease of use.

BlueBird Tech uses Starlink services but is trying to avoid tying its products completely to any single technology. "We're actively exploring ways to introduce redundancy and potentially replace these components in the future," they said, speaking anonymously due to security concerns.

They said that potential workarounds include LTE or 5G technology, mesh networks with relay points, and laser communications. "Research teams around the world are working on these technologies," they said, "although none of them should be seen as a universal replacement for Starlink across every operational scenario."

When the disruption first occurred on Wednesday, some Ukrainian and foreign officials initially blamed SpaceX, led by Elon Musk. However, the world's richest man said on X on Wednesday that because Starshield is operated by the US government, any limits on speed would be a decision for the Pentagon or President Donald Trump.

A senior US official told Business Insider on Thursday that "no such request was ever made by" Trump. Reuters reported that the order came from inside the White House.

Starlink has delivered Kyiv an important battlefield advantage, especially since SpaceX cracked down on Moscow's ability to use the terminals earlier this year. The system, however, does not work in Russia, so Ukraine is limited to using its services over its own territory and Russian-occupied lands.

Ukraine has been unable to use Starlink for its long-range drone strikes that have wreaked havoc on Russian energy sites. Trump has pushed Kyiv to stop its attacks as he attempts to use Russian oil to lower gas prices.

Ukraine has found itself facing mounting pressure from the US, once a top supporter, as it continues to grapple with Russian missile and drone strikes amid severe shortages of critical air defense interceptors. The Starlink outage has only compounded Kyiv's anxieties as it anticipates yet another tough winter.

"Starlink is a major card on the battlefield," Zhluktenko said. "You can fight without it — even successfully — as the Russians show, but less effectively, at higher cost, and with constant communication headaches, above all for unmanned systems."

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As a Texas local, I skip the crowds in Austin and head west to a charming nearby city with amazing wineries

Blue bonnets and poppies in field with lots of green trees near Fredericksburg, Texas
Fredericksburg, Texas, and its surrounding areas have some incredible scenery and wineries.

Malachi Jacobs/Shutterstock

  • I've lived in Texas for many years, and Fredericksburg is one of my favorite places to visit.
  • Fredericksburg has incredible wineries, and I like that it isn't too far from Austin or San Antonio.
  • The small city has a charming, walkable Main Street with some great shops and restaurants.

After more than 15 years of driving between San Antonio and Austin as a longtime Texas local, I've found my favorite detour: Fredericksburg.

Part of the scenic Texas Hill Country, it's a walkable city with German roots, popular for its array of wineries, boutique hotels, and lively downtown.

Although I love Austin and San Antonio, Fredericksburg provides a small-town feel that the aforementioned cities — with populations close to a million each — could never quite achieve.

In my opinion, Fredericksburg's small population of about 12,000 people only lends to its charm. It's a great break from bigger Texas cities, as it's less than a two-hour drive from Austin or San Antonio.

Here are a few reasons I visit Fredericksburg twice a year and highly recommend it as a travel destination.

In this area, wine is a huge draw

Main Street in Fredericksburg, Texas
Main Street has restaurants, wine-tasting rooms, coffee shops, and bars.

Little Vignettes Photo/Shutterstock

Fredericksburg is situated in the heart of Texas wine country, so visiting without enjoying one of its many wineries is like a crime in Texas. (Another crime? Dry brisket.)

In Fredericksburg, you can either stop by a multitude of tasting rooms on Main Street or drive out past a ranch or two to find Tuscan-style wineries hidden in plain sight.

One of my favorite wineries is Augusta Vin Winery — and it's worth the extra drive. I always enjoy sipping reds in the spacious tasting room, with large open windows perfect for taking in the Texas sunshine.

A few other wineries worth visiting in Fredericksburg include the Rhinory for the unique experience of drinking at a rhino reserve, Slate Theory for a touch of modernity, and Grape Creek Vineyards or Barons Creek for classic experiences with beautiful views.

There's no shortage of great places to grab a meal in Fredericksburg

Empty rounded bar area inside The Restaurant at The Albert
The Restaurant at The Albert Hotel is beautiful.

Kat Stinson

Consider leaning into the city's German heritage at The Auslander, one of the many locally owned restaurants on Main Street. Reminiscent of a classic Bavarian beer hall, it has beer, a whole section of schnitzel entrées, sausage plates, and German sandwiches.

For a guest more partial to upscale fare, try The Restaurant at Albert Hotel. It's fairly new and a great place for date night.

Led by Michelin-starred chef Michael Fojtasek, The Restaurant pays homage to seasonal Texas Hill Country-inspired cuisine with fresh local ingredients (like peaches) and spins on German dishes.

For good Texas barbecue, stop by Junebug's BBQ. Its menu is filled with smoked meats — the pulled pork is especially impressive — and all the fixings.

Other notable local bites include Vaudeville's famous gumbo that's only available on Saturdays, Otto's decadent cinnamon rolls, and Alstadt Brewery's ice-cold beer and tasty Reuben sandwiches.

Brisket, pulled pork, onions, pickles on pink paper on tray
I've tried brisket and pulled pork at Junebug's BBQ.

Kat Stinson

Main Street is also home to several nice coffee shops — and the Old West-themed Java Ranch is my go-to for a perfect iced latte. I also suggest checking out Kaffee Haus and Caliche Coffee and Roasters.

Lastly, if you want to visit an Instagram-worthy spot with lots of bubbly, head down Main Street to the all-pink paradise that is Brooke's Bubble Bar. It's a very cute place to snap photos and enjoy a drink.

There's so much to do and try here, and I know I'll keep coming back

Main street area with empty parking spots, plants
I find it's often easy to find parking in downtown Fredericksburg.

Main Street in Fredericksburg

I often switch up which vineyards, cafés, and eateries I visit, and Fredericksburg's variety of accommodations makes it easy to change up where I stay, too.

I can sleep in one of several boutique hotels, go for a more rustic stay at the Onera treehouse resort near Main Street, or enjoy a cozy guest cabin at Cross Mountain Vineyards.

Hotels and eateries aside, Main Street also has tons of art galleries, antique shops, clothing boutiques, jewelry stores, and more.

I appreciate that I can spend a whole day exploring downtown without ever moving my car. (Plus, I've always been able to find ample free parking on Main Street).

If you want to enjoy a big Texas city, check out Austin or even San Antonio. However, if you're looking for a quieter alternative with a small-town feel, Fredericksburg is a great choice.

After each visit, I know I'll be back soon.

This story was originally published on September 30, 2025, and most recently updated on October 16, 2026.

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