El verano de 2026 se ha quedado grabado a fuego a los ciudadanos de muchos países europeos por la sucesión de olas de calor, sequías en los grandes ríos del continente e incendios incontrolados, todo ello de la mano de un calentamiento global que avanza imparable hasta la fecha. Y, según un grupo de científicos del Imperial College London y de la London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, este verano se puede considerar además el que ha acumulado más muertes asociadas a las altas temperaturas en Europa en al menos los últimos 26 años, superando a 2003 y 2022, que ostentaban hasta ahora ese récord.

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La carrera por liderar la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ya ha comenzado. Entre los siete candidatos propuestos por los países para sustituir a Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus como director general de este organismo de la ONU está la española María Neira. Esta médica fue durante años directora del Departamento de Salud Pública y del Medio Ambiente de la OMS y ha centrado una parte importante de su labor en poner el foco en los vínculos entre la salud y el medio ambiente.

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Tras años de alertar de que se estaba cerrando la ventana de oportunidad para cumplir con el objetivo del Acuerdo de París más ambicioso —y seguro para la humanidad—, el área de medio ambiente de la ONU ha terminado por asumir este miércoles una “dura realidad”: la posibilidad de mantener el calentamiento global por debajo de 1,5 grados Celsius respecto a los niveles preindustriales se ha esfumado. Lo hace por primera vez en el informe de referencia que desde 2010 presenta para analizar los planes climáticos de los países y las trayectorias que se deben seguir para cumplir con los acuerdos internacionales. En las anteriores entregas se señalaba que todavía había “una oportunidad” si se hacía “un esfuerzo hercúleo”, recuerda Inger Andersen, directora ejecutiva del Pnuma (Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente). “Ahora está claro que ese esfuerzo hercúleo no se hizo; procrastinamos con el clima. Y, en consecuencia, ahora decimos que esta ventana se ha cerrado”.

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The second energy crisis in less than five years — both triggered by wars, first in Ukraine and then in the Middle East — is dismantling resistance to a shift away from fossil fuels. Month by month the debate over electrification gains momentum: powering economic sectors that still rely on coal, oil, and gas with electricity. If there were few arguments left —environmental, economic, and strategic autonomy — in favor of a rapid electrification, gasoline and diesel prices in Europe have delivered the final blow.

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In barely a day, hurricane Polo, which formed in late September in the Pacific off the coast of Mexico, reached the highest category — level 5, corresponding to winds above 252 kilometers (156 mph) per hour. It was the second most powerful tropical cyclone recorded in the Pacific to date. Polo later weakened before making landfall as a storm — at category 2 — in Baja California Sur, Mexico. It left behind torrential rains, floods and infrastructure damage in northwest Mexico and the southwestern United States, and five deaths linked to those floods in Mexico.

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This past summer has been, for Europe, “the summer of truth,” as Ursula von der Leyen said a couple of weeks ago in her State of the Union debate speech. The president of the European Commission was warning about the consequences of global warming, which has again struck the continent hard. And the Copernicus Climate Change Service quantifies this sweltering summer in its seasonal assessment, published on October 2. The season in Europe was marked by heatwaves that were unusually intense and early (the first arrived in May). Across the continent this was the third-warmest summer on record. But focusing on western Europe, the summer of 2026 was the worst on record. It surpassed 2003, which shocked many EU countries with tens of thousands of deaths linked to extreme heat.

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Pollution crosses any border. Residents of Seville saw this in August when the huge Niebla wildfire in Huelva province collapsed air quality levels in the Andalusian capital. Madrid residents experienced it days earlier when the regional government asked them to stay indoors because smoke was arriving from out-of-control fires in the Sierra Oeste and Ávila province. This pollution, laden with harmful particles, travels tens or hundreds of miles, and sometimes crosses countries and oceans. “Air quality in our cities, towns or countries is not only influenced by local activities but can be affected by pollution from neighboring or quite distant nations,” explains Ian Marnane, head of the Environment and Health Unit at the European Environment Agency (EEA).

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The El Niño phenomenon has not yet reached its peak intensity, which the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) expects to occur at the end of this year, and seawater temperatures in the tropical Pacific area considered the epicenter of the event are already at record levels. The anomaly in that zone exceeded three degrees Celsius in mid‑September and has risen to a level similar to the peak of the El Niño event 11 years ago, in November 2015.

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The catastrophic avalanche of rock and ice on Langtang Lirung mountain, on Nepal’s northern border — which caused 1,300 deaths and as a result of which, 22 days later, more than 5,000 people remain missing — was the result of a combination of factors that simmered until they triggered an unprecedented disaster in the Himalayas. A report published on September 17 by World Weather Attribution (WWA), the group of scientists that specializes in calculating the influence of climate change on extreme weather events, sheds light on the catastrophe. Among the factors, the authors note “unusually warm conditions before the failure, supporting enhanced snow and ice melt and more precipitation falling as rain rather than snow” around the site where the collapse occurred.

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