Da un lato la pubblicità dell’ente viene invocata per fondare vigilanza, sanzione e una tutela assimilabile a quella delle funzioni statali. Dall’altro la struttura delle quote, detenute da banche, assicurazioni, fondazioni ed enti di previdenza, e il radicamento nel Sistema europeo di banche centrali vengono invocati per declinare la trasparenza amministrativa ordinaria, il controllo politico-parlamentare e la giurisdizione contabile piena.
MONETA COMPLEMENTARE E SIGNORAGGIO. UN APPROCCIO ETERODOSSO
A n n o A c c a d e m i c o 2 0 1 4 / 2 0 1 5 2 “È un bene che gli abitanti della nazione non capiscano abbastanza il nostro sistema bancario e monetario, perché se lo facessero, credo che ci sarebbe una rivoluzione prima di domattina.” Henry Ford “I disordini non avranno mai fine, non avremo mai una sana amministrazione della cosa pubblica, se non acquisteremo una nozione precisa e netta della natura e della funzione del denaro.” Ezra Pound “Permettetemi di emettere e controllare la moneta di una nazione e non mi importa chi fa le sue leggi.” Mayer Amschel Rothschild “Per risolvere le contraddizioni contabili che derivano dall’errata o mancante contabilizzazione della creazione del denaro a favore della banca che lo crea (sia esso sotto forma di banconote che di denaro elettronico), la soluzione più semplice consiste nell’affidare l’emissione del denaro ad una tesoreria di stato (tesoreria sovrana) e lasciare che siano le banche a prendere in prestito tale moneta emettendo esse titoli di debito propri. La Tesoreria emetterà la moneta indicandola nelle poste attive prima di scaricarla con poste al passivo, in tal mondo rimanendo sempre liquida senza rischio di alcuna bancarotta.Viceversa se la Tesoreria replicasse l’errore delle banche, cioè l’omissione della messa all’attivo iniziale, ogni emissione creerebbe un buco nel bilancio della Tesoreria e costringerebbe lo Stato a tassare i cittadini per riempirlo. Errore che oggi fa la banca centrale.” Marco Saba INDICE Introduzione Capitolo 1 LA MONETA Prima parte 1.1 La definizione di moneta e le sue funzioni 1.2 La moneta e le sue diverse forme Seconda Parte 1.3 La moneta e il suo valore simbolico 1.4 La teoria del valore indotto della moneta Appendice 1.5 La sovranità monetaria, Gli omicidi premeditati e le coincidenze Capitolo 2 IL SINGORAGGIO BANCARIO 2.1 Le origini e la nascita del signoraggio 2.2 Le varie tipologie di signoraggio 2.3 La riserva frazionaria 2.4 Il colonialismo e la schiavitù monetaria 2.5 Il signoraggio bancario nella contabilità e nel debito pubblico 2.6 Le monete complementari e le monete alternative 2.7 Le denunce realizzate contro le banche centrali Conclusioni Ringraziamenti Riferimenti Bibliografici Riferimenti Web-grafici INTRODUZIONE La mia ricerca, si basa sul tema del signoraggio bancario e mi ha incominciato ad interessare quando ho visto un servizio su una trasmissione locale che parlava di questi argomenti ed allora incuriosito ho voluto approfondire il tema, non capendo come funzionasse realmente l’offerta di moneta e chi ne deteneva il monopolio.
Il deposito irregolare. Genealogia giuridico-contabile della moneta bancaria
2026
Le banche centrali contemporanee descrivono la moneta bancaria come debito dell’intermediario: i depositi, ha scritto la Banca d’Inghilterra nel 2014, sono «a liability of the bank, not an asset that could be lent out».1 Se il dato economico-contabile è pacifico, resta aperta la questione giuridica che lo precede: per effetto di quale operazione la somma consegnata dal cliente diviene proprietà della banca e, insieme, moneta? La monografia risponde ricostruendo la genealogia del deposito irregolare bancario dal depositum romano e dalla parakatatheke ellenistica, attraverso la stratificazione medievale-moderna (Glossa, banchi italiani, Salamanca, Wisselbank di Amsterdam come contro-modello custodiale) e l’infrastruttura della partita doppia, fino alle codificazioni ottocentesche e novecentesche e alla loro persistenza contemporanea. Il metodo intreccia storia del diritto comparato, storia economica e analisi contabile, su fonti primarie: Digesto, codici, giurisprudenza, documenti di banche centrali. L’indagine comparata di otto sistemi — Germania, Francia, Svizzera, Spagna, Italia, Gran Bretagna, Olanda, Stati Uniti — individua un «gradiente di schermatura»: otto strategie codicistiche distinte, dalla maschera minima del § 700 BGB allo schermo pretorio francese, dalla formula obliqua di «Nutzen und Gefahr» dell’art. 481 CO 18812 all’esplicitazione radicale dell’art. 1834 c.c. 1942,3 subito neutralizzata dalla pubblicizzazione del sistema bancario. La persistenza del dispositivo è attestata dalla Cassazione italiana, che nel 2019 dichiara la natura del deposito bancario «tuttora controversa in dottrina»,4 e dalla Vollgeld-Initiative, respinta il 10 giugno 2018 dal 75,7% dei votanti.5 Ne risulta che la moneta bancaria è un artefatto giuridico-contabile databile: una finzione contrattuale che le codificazioni hanno fissato senza mai risolverne la causa, offrendo alla storiografia giuridica ed economica una periodizzazione unitaria del fenomeno.
Dall’invenzione della moneta al fiat money. L’evoluzione dei sistemi monetari
2016
La storia della moneta è millenaria. Già gli antichi commerciavano scambiando valori che fungevano da mezzo di scambio standardizzato. I romani coniarono le monete su supporti metallici. Solo più recentemente la storia ha partorito le banche centrali con la finalità di presidiare la produzione della base monetaria e controllare i meccanismi di politica monetaria. Il lavoro offre una panoramica storica della moneta fino ai giorni nostri.
Moneta e democrazia – Academia.docx
In questo lavoro si indaga sulla natura della moneta, cercando di risalire alla genesi del suo valore, alla luce di quanto osservato da Aristotele ed analizzando la relazione, sotto il profilo logico, tra le tre funzioni universalmente riconosciute alla moneta, ossia unità di conto, mezzo di scambio e riserva di valore. Si indaga sul rapporto tra moneta merce (da cui scaturisce la necessità della convertibilità delle banconote) e moneta segno (da cui scaturisce il concetto di moneta fiat), evidenziando le differenze tra valori creditizi e valore monetari. Si verificano i profitti rinvenienti dall’emissione di moneta e si osserva il modo in cui le banche, centrali e commerciali, contabilizzano tali profitti. Si definisce il corso legale precisandone la distinzione dal corso forzoso ed evidenziando la mutazione di fattispecie giuridica – da titolo di credito a carta-moneta – che si è verificata con il venir meno della convertibilità della moneta cartacea in metalli preziosi. Si passa poi a definire la cosiddetta moneta bancaria (o moneta scritturale) analizzandone il rapporto con la moneta a corso legale. Si verifica la capacità liberatoria dei pagamenti in moneta bancaria, alla luce di quanto statuito dalla Giurisprudenza nonché di quanto osservato dalla Banca Centrale Europea, soffermandosi su alcune questioni giuridiche che emergono dall’imposizione di limiti all’utilizzo del contante. Si appura se gli Stati dell’eurozona hanno margini giuridici, alla luce della normativa europea, per adottare una propria moneta parallela, considerando le fattispecie della moneta a corso libero (incluso la moneta fiscale) e dei biglietti di Stato e non sorvolando sui rischi che l’eventuale adozione di una seconda moneta potrebbe comportare. Si verificano i benefici, anche in termini di democrazia, che il pieno esercizio della sovranità monetaria potrebbe comportare. Si passa quindi ad analizzare il fondamento economico-monetario del cosiddetto reddito di cittadinanza, alla luce degli studi presenti in letteratura nonché delle diverse esperienze concrete già realizzate. Si valuta l’ipotesi del riconoscimento di un reddito di cittadinanza limitato ad un dato territorio (reddito locale), analizzandone i benefici unitamente all’adozione di una moneta locale complementare alla moneta a corso legale. Si analizza la fattispecie della rarefazione monetaria alla luce delle politiche monetarie di alcune tra le principali banche centrali occidentali a partire dalla crisi del 2008 e si verificano le conseguenze per le banche commerciali, per i correntisti e, in generale, per l’economia derivanti dalla soppressione del Glass-Steagall Act e delle normative nazionali da esso derivate.
Italia, svegliati! La più grande truffa del secolo
2012
La crisi finanziaria scoppiata nell’autunno 2008 ha sancito il successo di coloro che ne sono stati gli artefici. In Italia e Grecia sono andati al potere tecnocrati e banchieri, gli stessi che, fino al giorno prima, hanno lavorato per le istituzioni responsabili del crollo dell’economia. Ai vertici dei governi europei, delle istituzioni internazionali, dell’Unione europea (un «super Leviatano»), siedono i referenti delle banche e della finanza, nelle mani dei quali una classe politica incapace e inadeguata ha affidato le speranze di ripresa. Essi continuano a perseguire le politiche di impoverimento di 720 milioni di europei, con l’unico scòpo di trasformare il Vecchio Continente in un immenso lager di schiavi moderni: tagli, flessibilità, liberalizzazioni, privatizzazioni, queste le «ricette» per raggiungere falsi obiettivi: la riduzione del deficit ed il pareggio di bilancio (tecnicamente impossibile). Con la «privatizzazione» (svendita) delle ultime società pubbliche completeranno il disegno, raggiungendo l’obiettivo di distruzione degli Stati e della privazione dei più elementari diritti di cittadinanza. Sono politici, banchieri, economisti, editori, controllano i media, e attraverso essi ci tranquillizzano. Non possiamo illuderci che, coloro che hanno appiccato l’incendio, si trasformino improvvisamente in pompieri. Guardando i dati, viene spontaneo domandarsi come sia possibile che in soli tre anni dall’autunno 2008, il debito pubblico di alcuni Stati (Italia, Spagna, Portogallo, Irlanda) sia sensibilmente peggiorato. La risposta è semplice: la colpa è delle misure anti-crisi legate alle operazioni di sostegno al sistema bancario. Con i soldi dati alle banche a interessi irrisori (1.200 miliardi in Europa, e altrettanti negli Usa), queste non fanno altro che rifinanziare le loro obbligazioni o acquistare a loro volta il debito degli Stati, che è divenuto nel frattempo più oneroso da sostenere perchè è aumentato, e il rating è peggiorato. Le banche, quindi, chiedono interessi più alti agli Stati, e la voragine del debito pubblico aumenta in una spirale infinita. In tutto questo giro, chi ci guadagna, ancora una volta, sono proprio le banche. Ma come siamo arrivati fino a qui? Quali sono i sottili meccanismi che hanno privato gli Stati della loro sovranità? L’Ue, la Bce, l’euro, il Trattato di Lisbona, Basilea II, il Fmi, le agenzie di rating, sono tutti strumenti nelle mani della finanza, che ha piazzato i suoi uomini al vertice delle istituzioni nazionali e sovranazionali. Il potere, scippato da tecnocrati e banchieri, con la complicità di politici incapaci e corrotti, deve tornare nelle mani del popolo sovrano.
Il ruolo della Banca d’Italia tra Sebc, Bce ed istituzioni politiche nazionali
Non sono soltanto ragioni economiche ma soprattutto ragioni politiche che portano a considerare assetti decentralizzati o centralizzati di direzione della politica monetaria e della vigilanza. Certo è che gli shock sono più facilmente gestibili laddove esista un singolo sistema monetano e un singolo mercato finanziario, in quanto meccanismi naturali di difesa possono intervenire a riequilibrare le asimmetrie dei mercati. Si consideri, ad esempio, che cosa accadrebbe se uno dei Paesi dell’Unione monetaria europea si sentisse svantaggiato dalla combinazione di una politica monetaria metastatale e dalla conduzione di politiche fiscali nazionali vincolate; oppure se il mercato finanziario di uno degli Stati membri fosse scosso da gravi scandali finanziari. Gravi crisi economiche «regionali» potrebbero comprometterebbe seriamente la tenuta dell’attuale assetto istituzionale e provocherebbero una sorta di «revanscismo» nazionalista che paradossalmente solo le Bcn possono evitare.
Le monete locali come strumenti giuridici per l’attuazione del principio di democraticità
2018
all’economia reale. Tali strumenti sono concepiti, segnatamente, come un mezzo di scambio parallelo, all’interno di un progetto realizzato dai membri di una comunità con l’obiettivo di sostenere le transazioni, il credito e la fiducia reciproca 1 , in ambiti geografici, solitamente, circoscritti. La fiducia assume, in essi, un valore ancora diverso -e forse più pregnante -trattandosi di valute che non hanno corso legale, ma che sono accettate solo su base volontaria.
CAPITOLO 1 L’imprenditore-Il sistema legislativo Nel nostro sistema giuridico la disciplina delle attività economiche ruota intorno alla figura dell’imprenditore, del quale il legislatore dà una definizione generale nell’articolo 2082 c.c. Il codice civile distingue però diversi tipi di imprese e di imprenditori in base a tre criteri: 1. l’oggetto dell’impresa, che determina la distinzione fra imprenditore agricolo e imprenditore commerciale; 2. la dimensione dell’impresa, in base alla quale è individuato il piccolo imprenditore e di riflesso l’imprenditore medio-grande; 3. la natura del soggetto che esercita l’impresa, che determina la tripartizione legislativa fra impresa individuale, impresa costituita in forma di società ed impresa pubblica. Tutti gli imprenditori sono assoggettati ad una disciplina comune: lo statuto generale dell’imprenditore che comprende anche parte della disciplina dell’azienda e dei segni distintivi, la disciplina della concorrenza e dei consorzi. Chi è imprenditore commerciale non piccolo è poi assoggettato anche ad un ulteriore statuto: lo statuto tipico dell’imprenditore commerciale. Rientrano in questo statuto azioni quali l’iscrizione nel registro delle imprese, la disciplina della rappresentanza commerciale, le scritture contabili, il fallimento e le altre procedure concorsuali. Poche sono invece le disposizioni del codice civile applicabili esclusivamente all’imprenditore agricolo ed al piccolo imprenditore. In particolare, quest’ultimo ad esempio non fallisce anche se esercita attività commerciale. Tuttavia, l’iscrizione nel registro delle imprese, originariamente esclusa, è stata oggi estesa anche a tali imprenditori, sia pure con rilievo diverso. Il sistema così disegnato dal legislatore nel 1942 certamente non brilla per linearità e chiarezza. Un punto è tuttavia certo: non si può essere imprenditori commerciale se non si è imprenditori in senso lato. La nozione generale di imprenditore “E’ imprenditore chi esercita professionalmente un’attività economica organizzata al fine della produzione o dello scambio di beni o di servizi”. È questa la nozione generale di imprenditore data dall’articolo 2082 c.c. Tale articolo fissa quindi i requisiti minimi che devono ricorrere perché un dato soggetto sia esposto all’applicazione delle norme del codice civile dettate per l’impresa e per l’imprenditore. E dall’articolo 2082 si ricava che l’impresa è attività (serie coordinata di atti) caratterizzata sia da uno specifico scopo (produzione o scambio di beni e servizi) sia da specifiche modalità di svolgimento (organizzazione, economicità, professionalità). Si discute, tuttavia, se ciò sia sufficiente, se siano necessari altri requisiti perché si abbia attività di impresa ed acquisto della qualifica di imprenditore. In particolare è controverso se siano indispensabili: • la liceità dell’attività svolta • l’intento dell’imprenditore di ricavare un profitto (ossia lo scopo di lucro) • la destinazione al mercato dei beni o servizi prodotti. È possibile rispondere a questi interrogativi analizzando i requisiti sicuramente necessari. L’attività produttiva L’impresa è attività finalizzata alla produzione o allo scambio di beni o servizi. È, in breve, attività produttiva di nuova ricchezza. Tale è anche l’attività di scambio che incrementa l’utilità dei beni spostandoli nel tempo e/o nello spazio. Irrilevante è invece la natura dei beni o servizi prodotti o scambiati ed il tipo di bisogno che essi sono destinati a soddisfare. È irrilevante inoltre che l’attività produttiva costituisca anche godimento di beni preesistenti. Ovviamente non è impresa l’attività di mero godimento: l’attività cioè che non dà luogo alla produzione di nuovi beni o servizi. Classico è l’esempio del proprietario di immobili che ne gode i frutti concedendoli in locazione: egli non è imprenditore perché non produce nuove utilità economiche ma si limita a godere i frutti dei propri beni. Un’attività però può costituire allo stesso tempo godimento di beni preesistenti e produzione di nuovi beni o servizi, ed in tal caso fa acquistare la qualità di imprenditore. Ad esempio, è attività di godimento e produttiva l’attività del proprietario di un immobile che adibisca lo stesso ad albergo o pensione. In tal caso le prestazioni locative sono accompagnate dall’erogazione di servizi collaterali (pulizia locali, cambio biancheria, etc) che eccedono il mero godimento del bene. Allo stesso modo è godimento e attività di produzione l’impiego di proprio denaro nella compravendita di strumenti finanziari (azioni, obbligazioni, titoli di Stato) con scopo di investimento e speculazione quando siano coordinati con gli ulteriori requisiti dell’organizzaizone e della professionalità. Così, ad esempio, sono certamente commerciali le società finanziarie che erogano credito con mezzi propri o comunque non raccolti fra il pubblico e che per tale motivo non possono essere considerate società bancarie. È infine opinione ormai decisamente prevalente che la qualità di imprenditore deve essere riconosciuta anche quando l’attività produttiva svolta è illecita, cioè contraria a norme imperative, all’ordine pubblico o al buon costume. E ciò vale sia nei casi meno gravi in cui sono violate norme imperative che subordinano l’esercizio dell’attività di impresa ad autorizzazioni amministrative (ad esempio attività bancaria senza la prescritta autorizzazione governativa) sia nei casi più gravi in cui illecito sia l’oggetto stesso dell’attività (ad esempio commercio di droga). Vero è soltanto che chi svolge attività di impresa violando la legge non potrà avvalersi delle norme che tutelano l’imprenditore nei confronti dei terzi: ciò in applicazione del principio che da un comportamento illecito non possono mai derivare effetti favorevoli per il suo autore. Del resto, non si è mai visto uno spacciatore che si rivolge al tribunale per regolare un contenzioso con un terzo.
DISPENSA DI DIRITTO COMMERCIALE
Un consiglio: imparate tutto, senza saltare nemmeno un rigo.
L'articolo La supercazzola «istituto di diritto pubblico». Asimmetrie dogmatiche, opacità funzionale e deficit di accountability della Banca d’Italia proviene da Blondet & Friends.
A droga foi localizada numa habitação. A investigação prossegue para identificar e localizar os responsáveis.
A GNR apreendeu, no dia 2 de outubro, uma quantidade de cocaína correspondente a cerca de 1,5 milhões de doses, numa habitação no concelho de Loulé. A operação foi conduzida pelo Núcleo de Investigação Criminal de Loulé, do Comando Territorial de Faro.
Segundo a Guarda, a apreensão ocorreu na sequência de diligências de investigação que levaram os militares à habitação, onde localizaram o produto estupefaciente.
Durante a ação, foram também apreendidas duas máquinas de embalagem e diverso material relacionado com o acondicionamento e armazenamento da droga.
A GNR mantém em curso diligências para apurar integralmente os factos e identificar e localizar os responsáveis.
A operação contou com o reforço do Núcleo de Apoio Técnico, do Posto Territorial de Vilamoura e do Destacamento de Intervenção de Faro.
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JE M'INSCRIS lecourrierdesstrateges.frDiagnostic. Le monde est « à un tournant décisif de son développement ». Les transformations touchent « pratiquement tous les domaines de la technologie », les structures sociales, le climat, la médecine, la science militaire, la bioéthique, l'énergie, la démographie, la numérisation et l'intelligence artificielle. « Nous entrons dans une réalité entièrement nouvelle et sans précédent. »
Instabilité. Pour tout État, « la stabilité intérieure est toujours plus importante que tout le reste » ; pour la préserver, des gouvernements peuvent « exporter l'instabilité ». « Quel que soit le scénario, les conflits internationaux vont malheureusement probablement se poursuivre. »
Thèse centrale. « À long terme, à mesure que le monde s'éloigne de l'hégémonie occidentale, la situation internationale s'améliorera progressivement, vers un ordre international multipolaire plus stable, plus démocratique et plus libre. » Plus loin : « L'ancien hégémon devra inévitablement reconnaître les réalités d'un monde multipolaire » et « apprendre à coopérer avec les pays de la majorité mondiale ».
Institutions. Les mécanismes de régulation existants « ne remplissent plus pleinement leur fonction », « non parce qu'ils seraient mauvais, mais parce que les conditions dans lesquelles ils ont été créés ont changé ».
Sur l'ONU : « un groupe étroit de pays occidentaux exerce une influence disproportionnée », « une minorité mondiale » qui « cherche à s'approprier des fonctions d'administration ». La Russie « continue de soutenir l'idée d'une réforme équitable des Nations unies », mais « une telle réforme est impossible sans consensus interne, difficile à atteindre aujourd'hui » ; elle plaide pour « un rôle bien plus important » des pays d'Asie, d'Afrique, d'Amérique latine et du Moyen-Orient, et pour une réforme qui porte aussi sur « la substance de l'Organisation, ses priorités ». « Les institutions qui ont bien fonctionné après la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne reflètent plus la réalité du deuxième quart de ce siècle. Est-il possible de les réformer ? La question reste ouverte. »
Les BRICS et les associations régionales ont « de grandes perspectives », mais « beaucoup de travail à faire pour définir leur fonctionnalité » et « les limites de leurs propres capacités ». Le monde n'est pas pour autant « condamné au chaos » : « un monde régulé par des normes clairement définies et des institutions qui les soutiennent est une invention récente, née au siècle dernier. Tous les siècles précédents s'en sont passés. »
Normes. L'absence de « règles universellement reconnues » et d'une « compréhension partagée du principe de sécurité égale et indivisible » encourage « des comportements égoïstes ». « Tous les tabous concevables et inconcevables sont violés. » Les relations internationales exigent « la prudence et le respect non seulement des lois établies mais aussi du droit coutumier, c'est-à-dire non seulement de la lettre mais de l'esprit de la loi ». Le principe de la « raison du plus fort » guide « certains acteurs convaincus de leur exceptionnalisme » ; « l'histoire montre que cela ne finit jamais bien ».
Ukraine. Le texte présente ce passage comme une « digression ». « La vérité est que nous ne voulions pas et que nous n'avons pas été ceux qui ont commencé à se battre. En fait, ce sont eux qui ont commencé à se battre contre nous. » Suit une liste de ce qui « n'aurait pas dû » être fait : encourager « le nationalisme agressif et la russophobie », étendre « l'espace militaire » de l'OTAN aux « territoires historiques » russes, « pousser les radicaux de Kiev à un coup d'État », armer « le régime de facto illégal ». « Je suis convaincu qu'il s'agissait d'un effort intentionnel pour placer la Russie dans une situation où elle était simplement forcée de se défendre les armes à la main. » Sur l'objectif de « défaite stratégique » de la Russie : « Personne ne l'a oublié. En tout cas, pas nous. »
Histoire. L'effondrement de l'URSS est « une véritable tragédie pour des dizaines de millions de personnes ». Il est attribué à « des déséquilibres internes » et aux « erreurs de générations successives de dirigeants », mais aussi à « une certaine naïveté, un idéalisme, voire une insouciance » et à « une confiance aveugle dans les partenaires occidentaux » et dans « les accords de gentlemen ». Le discours cite Egon Bahr, dirigeant social-démocrate ouest-allemand, pour des propos de février et juin 1990 tirés, selon l'orateur, « des archives » de ses entretiens avec la direction soviétique : la crainte que « les cercles de l'OTAN peu désireux de suivre la voie de la coopération paneuropéenne » ne l'emportent, et que l'URSS ne soit « condamnée à l'isolement international ». Après 1991, « ils ont tout fait pour isoler la Fédération de Russie et la démembrer davantage ».
Escalade. « Le point de non-retour peut survenir très vite et de manière inattendue pour tous. » Les grandes puissances possèdent « des armes capables de détruire toute vie » ; « pouvons-nous garantir qu'elles ne seront jamais utilisées ? Nous ne le pouvons pas, bien sûr. » Référence au fusil accroché au mur au premier acte. « Plus l'objectif de "défaite stratégique" de l'adversaire est clairement déclaré, plus grandes sont les chances que la bataille entre dans sa phase la plus violente. »
Intelligence artificielle et guerre. Il existe « des cas documentés d'intelligence artificielle prenant des décisions sur la base de sa propre appréciation ». Récit du 26 septembre 1983 : le lieutenant-colonel Stanislav Petrov, de service dans un centre d'alerte, doute d'un signal annonçant cinq missiles américains et a raison ; « si une intelligence artificielle avait été à sa place, les choses auraient pu tourner très différemment ». « Les limites de l'usage de l'IA dans la sphère de la sécurité sont une question de survie de l'humanité. » Rappel de la conférence de La Haye de 1899, proposée par la Russie. Affirmation : les militaires russes « n'ont jamais été les premiers à attaquer des installations sans lien avec l'infrastructure militaire de l'adversaire ».
Eurasie. Les problèmes globaux (climat, pauvreté, inégalités) sont « mis de côté ». « Notre maison au sens large est l'Eurasie. » Le « Grand partenariat eurasiatique » prend « une signification particulière ». Annonce : la rédaction d'une « Charte eurasiatique de la diversité et de la multipolarité au XXIe siècle », initiative russo-biélorusse, dont « le travail pratique » a été lancé « la semaine dernière » par les ministres des Affaires étrangères de Russie, de Biélorussie, du Kazakhstan, du Kirghizistan « et de nos autres partenaires », en marge de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies. L'Eurasie est « largement autosuffisante ».
Conclusion du discours. Le souhait que les manuels d'histoire retiennent le deuxième quart du XXIe siècle comme un tournant positif, « car si cela n'arrive pas, il y a un risque qu'il ne reste personne pour utiliser ces manuels, ni personne pour les écrire ».
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S'ABONNER lecourrierdesstrateges.frOTAN et origine du conflit (au modérateur). « Cinq ou six vagues d'élargissement » malgré la promesse de ne pas s'étendre vers l'est. « Où tout a-t-il commencé ? Avec l'attaque de l'OTAN contre la Yougoslavie », « sans décision du Conseil de sécurité ». Sur 2014 : Viktor Ianoukovitch « avait tout accepté, y compris des élections anticipées », et « il a été jugé absolument nécessaire d'organiser un coup d'État ». Sur les accords de Minsk : « personne n'avait l'intention de les honorer ». Récit d'un échange avec le secrétaire général de l'ONU lors de sa visite à Moscou : « Bon, d'accord… mais c'est quand même vous qui avez attaqué. »
Kaliningrad. La déclaration et les lettres du ministère russe des Affaires étrangères sont « une réponse à des tentatives de nous intimider ». En cas d'« attaque directe contre la Fédération de Russie », « la question de l'emploi de toutes les armes à sa disposition se poserait inévitablement et immédiatement ». Précision : « ni cette lettre ni la déclaration du ministère ne mentionnent l'emploi d'armes nucléaires ». « La France et le Royaume-Uni sont des puissances nucléaires. Nous le comprenons parfaitement. Mais personne d'autre ne possède les capacités de frappe que la Russie possède aujourd'hui. » L'adversaire potentiel aurait « deux fois notre population ».
Europe. L'escalade verbale européenne est « alimentée par la grave détérioration de leur situation économique et politique intérieure ». « Nous n'avons aucune intention d'attaquer qui que ce soit, ni en 2029, ni en 2030, ni en 2050. » Selon la compilation de TASS, les grands pays européens sont « beaucoup plus hostiles à la Russie que les États-Unis » ; les pays de l'Union européenne « s'effondreront d'eux-mêmes » du fait de leurs erreurs économiques ; la Russie n'a « aucune précondition » à la reprise des relations avec l'Europe.
Usines européennes d'armement. Les livraisons d'armes « ne sont pas nouvelles » et ne préoccupent pas Moscou ; « l'implication d'autres pays dans des opérations de combat directes », notamment par le renseignement spatial, « est une source de préoccupation ». « Je ne dis pas que nous avons l'intention de frapper demain le territoire ou les installations des pays qui fournissent des armes à l'Ukraine. Mais c'est une menace que nous devons comprendre, évaluer et garder à l'esprit. »
Front et économie de guerre. L'Ukraine « perd des éléments de sa souveraineté étatique » et « est gouvernée de l'extérieur ». Selon TASS, plus de 1 300 km² auraient été pris « au seul mois de septembre », soit « 2,5 fois plus » que les mois précédents. Mer Noire : Kiev aurait frappé « 40 de nos navires dans les dix premiers jours » et « plus de 100 » au total ; raffineries : « nous avons perdu environ 1 % du PIB » ; en retour, l'Ukraine n'aurait « effectivement plus d'industrie métallurgique ». Le gazole russe « n'atteindrait pas les marchés mondiaux » du fait des sanctions.
États-Unis. Sur le sommet d'Anchorage d'août 2025 : « Je suis arrivé là-bas pour exprimer notre consentement » aux propositions américaines ; « maintenant, les États-Unis ont demandé du temps pour réfléchir ». Proposition de reprendre le dialogue sur la limitation des armes stratégiques : « il n'y a pas de réponse ». « J'ai d'assez bonnes relations, de longue date, avec le président Trump. »
Iran. « Nous espérons que le détroit restera ouvert et que les sanctions contre l'Iran seront levées. » La proposition de transférer de l'uranium enrichi iranien en Russie « reste sur la table » ; « au départ, tout le monde était d'accord, les Iraniens, les Américains et les Israéliens », puis Washington a exigé un transfert vers les seuls États-Unis. Mention de M. Larijani, « qui a perdu la vie par la suite », venu proposer une coentreprise de dilution en Iran.
Chine, Inde, Japon. Aucune « barrière » avec Xi Jinping ; anecdote d'un tête-à-tête sans interprète dans la salle d'attente du sommet de New Delhi. Déclaration conjointe sur le « dialogue des civilisations » signée à Pékin. Narendra Modi a « de très bonnes idées » sur l'Ukraine. Envers le Japon, « rien n'a changé dans les approches russes ; c'est l'attitude du Japon envers la Russie qui a changé ».
Économie russe. « Notre économie est saine. » Déficit « d'environ 3 % cette année », « 2 % l'an prochain » ; inflation « presque divisée par deux » par rapport à 2025. Les territoires annexés seront reconstruits « sur la seule base de l'opportunité économique » ; de nouvelles usines de défense sont construites « dans les zones les plus sûres possible ».
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REJOINDRE LE FIL t.me/resterlibreLa transcription complète des questions-réponses était annoncée « à suivre » par le Kremlin au 2 octobre, 20 h 31. Les chiffres cités dans cette fiche restent ceux de leurs émetteurs tant qu'une vérification indépendante n'est pas disponible.
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LAISSER UN POURBOIRE merci !by Gospa News Editorial Sfaff
Continuing the project we started on December, 2025
Here is our selection of our 7 most astonishing, original or viewed videos released in this the week.
Inside the Rumble description of each video there is a link to the detailed investigation it refers to or to a related topic.
Enjoy watching with Gospa News. And if you like our work, support us with a small donation.
SUBSCRIBE GOSPA NEWS AND HELP WITH A SMALL FREE DONATION
Former CIA officer and founder of the Marine Corps Intelligence Command, Robert David Steele (died in 2021) , testified before the International Tribunal for Natural Justice on the systemic exploitation of children by powerful satanic elites.
He exposed that children are not only kidnapped but in some cases bred by families in the United States as a cash crop, sold without birth certificates, making it easier to kill them with no trace. He stated children are imported by the plane load, also without documentation.
Steele described this as extending beyond slavery and sex abuse to child torture for adrenalized blood in satanic blood-drinking ceremonies, harvesting of body organs, and ritual murder!
“We have people in the United States of America that breed children in order to sell them. And when they are sold, they come without birth certificates, which means it’s easier to kill them and have no one ask where they are!”
“There’s child torture because you have adrenalized blood. You have the whole blood drinking ceremony of the satanic world!”
«After Robert helped us all expose The Clinton Foundation and CIA child trafficking networks, he mysteriously “died of Covid-19” in 2021» Russian outlet News-Pravda added in its post.
“The Clinton Foundation is the biggest organized crime family that I know of!”
“The reason we have 1,000 military bases is not for military power. They’re lily pads for smuggling. That’s how CIA smuggles gold, guns, drugs, cash, and small children for the elites in the United States!”
‘Donald Trump could use a nuclear weapon against Iran as a GRAND FINALE to declare victory and go home.’
Matthew Hoh, former Department of Defense & State Department Official who resigned over the Afghanistan war.
‘The danger of the use of a nuclear weapon in this war has always been here. I’ve been afraid that the United States would use a nuclear weapon possibly back in April, against say maybe one of the facilities like Isfahan”.
“The idea presented to President Trump: ‘Mr. President, these are low-yield nuclear weapons. They are a fraction of the size of the Hiroshima bomb. There’s hardly any fallout. You can barely even call these a nuclear weapon”.
“And what we can do is we can drop it on Isfahan. That will seal off that facility, and the Iranians will never be able to get to that enriched uranium. And this way, you can declare victory and go home.’
“You could see that same argument can still apply this time, maybe with Pickaxe Mountain or something like that. The idea that it provides for a grand finale for the president of the United States to declare victory and go home”
WATCH FULL INTERVIEW BELOW
FIRST-EVER radio signal from a planet outside our solar system DETECTED ‘The signal is evidence of a colossal magnetic field, not intelligent life’ — CNN
The planet is 63 LIGHT-YEARS away & the signal is 200 times stronger than Jupiter’s — but scientists don’t know WHY it’s so powerful?
RELATED POST
RELATED POST
A well-informed source familiar with the matter has revealed new details about the incident related to an Emirati aircraft, saying Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s plan to win the upcoming election is to drag US President Donald Trump into a new quagmire against Iran.
Iranian Press TV and Anadolu Turkish Agency so confirmed the suggestion highlighted by Gospa News on previous updates below in September, 30.
Speaking to Press TV, the regional source said the “absurd scenario” involving the hijacking of an Emirati aircraft bound for the occupied territories from the UAE, followed by its landing in Saudi Arabia, was carried out on Wednesday, three days after Netanyahu travelled to the United Arab Emirates accompanied by several senior military and intelligence officials.
The project, the informed source said, was discussed and finalized during the visit.
RELATED POST
Baghdad erupted in celebration as the US-led international coalition formally ended its military mission in Iraq after 12 years.
Crowds gathered in the Iraqi capital, with participants calling the withdrawal a “great victory” and a step toward Iraqi sovereignty. The coalition’s exit follows a phased agreement between Baghdad and Washington reached in 2024.
US Evacuation of Ain al-Asad Base Strengthens Iraq’s National Sovereignty: Araghchi Iran FM (VIDEO)
RELATED POST
Behind the IRAN WAR in the Best 7 US Military Analisis’ VIDEOS: Trump MAD Geopolitics Debunked
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JE M'INSCRIS lecourrierdesstrateges.frTrois textes en huit jours, et un communiqué. Le 25 septembre, à Paris, Léon XIV parle devant l'UNESCO. Le 1er octobre, près de Moscou, Vladimir Poutine parle trois heures devant le club Valdaï. Le 2 octobre, les sept chefs d'État et de gouvernement du G7, réunis par visioconférence sous la présidence d'Emmanuel Macron, publient six paragraphes sur le gazole. Les deux discours parlent de l'ordre du monde. Le communiqué, lui, le montre.
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S'ABONNER lecourrierdesstrateges.frLe pape a employé le mot multilatéralisme. Devant l'UNESCO, il a décrit des institutions internationales dont on attend qu'elles répondent « à des défis qu'aucun État ne peut affronter seul », et qui traversent « une crise d'efficacité », parce que le dialogue y est désormais tenu « pour un obstacle à l'action plutôt que pour une ressource », pour un simulacre plutôt que pour une occasion de chercher ensemble le bien commun. Le remède qu'il propose tient en un mot que les chancelleries n'emploient plus : la confiance. Le matin même, à l'Élysée, il avait demandé à la France de « rester une championne infatigable de la paix et du multilatéralisme », et il avait ajouté une phrase qu'on a peu relevée : « la paix n'est pas un équilibre des forces ».
Vladimir Poutine a employé l'autre mot, multipolarité. À Valdaï, il a dit que les institutions nées de la Seconde Guerre mondiale « ne reflètent pas la situation du deuxième quart de ce siècle », que les Occidentaux forment « une minorité mondiale » qui « cherche à s'arroger des fonctions de gouvernance », notamment à l'ONU, et que l'éloignement de « l'hégémonie occidentale » conduira à un ordre « plus stable, plus démocratique et plus libre ». Il a présenté les BRICS comme un
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JE M'INSCRIS lecourrierdesstrateges.frLundi 28 septembre, à l'aéroport de Bagdad, le général Saad Maan a pris possession de l'ancien quartier général américain et a dit à la presse locale que cela ne mettait pas fin à la coopération avec les « partenaires internationaux », mais ouvrait une relation « fondée sur le respect mutuel et l'indépendance de la décision irakienne ». Le mercredi 30, le porte-parole du Pentagone, Sean Parnell, annonçait que les derniers soldats de la coalition avaient quitté la base d'Erbil « en bon ordre », avec leur matériel. Le gouvernement irakien a décrété quatre « journées de la souveraineté », du 30 septembre au 3 octobre. Donald Trump, sur son réseau, a parlé d'« une excursion en enfer très coûteuse », d'« une victoire pour les États-Unis, une victoire pour l'Irak », et il a tranché en une ligne la querelle historique de sa génération : « une très mauvaise décision nous a mis dans ce bourbier ».
Quatre jours avant la fête, le samedi 26 septembre, le bureau du Premier ministre Ali al-Zaidi avait publié un autre communiqué, moins repris. Il y annonçait des discussions directes avec Washington pour obtenir que certains aéroports irakiens soient exemptés des sanctions américaines contre les compagnies aériennes iraniennes, « pour des raisons humanitaires liées aux soins, aux études, aux visites religieuses et aux intérêts des civils ». Depuis la veille, les quatre grands aéroports du pays, Bagdad, Nadjaf, Erbil et Souleimaniye, n'acceptaient plus un seul vol vers l'Iran. Non par décision irakienne : parce que les sociétés étrangères d'assistance au sol refusaient de toucher un appareil iranien de peur du Trésor américain.
Les deux communiqués viennent du même gouvernement, à quatre jours d'écart. Le premier dit que l'Irak est souverain. Le second demande une permission. Je voudrais prendre les deux au sérieux, parce que c'est entre les deux que se loge ce qui s'est réellement passé à Bagdad cette semaine, et ce que le mot souveraineté veut dire quand on le prononce dans un pays où l'on n'a jamais eu les moyens de le vérifier.
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S'ABONNER lecourrierdesstrateges.frAvant d'aller plus loin, nommons les acteurs, parce que les dépêches les supposent connus et qu'ils ne le sont pas.
Le gouvernement, d'abord. Ali al-Zaidi est Premier ministre depuis le mois de mai. C'est un homme d'affaires, nouveau en politique, que le Cadre de coordination, le bloc des partis chiites qui domine le Parlement, a sorti de son chapeau pour mettre fin à des mois de blocage après les élections de novembre 2025. Son cabinet n'est que partiel : le Parlement l'a approuvé en mai sans pourvoir plusieurs postes de sécurité, dont le ministère de la Défense. Le pays a donc fêté sa souveraineté militaire sans ministre de la Défense.
Les forces régulières ensuite : l'armée, la police fédérale, le Service de contre-terrorisme formé par les Américains, une aviation qui aligne des F-16 achetés à Washington. Le commandant de l'armée de l'air, le général Khalid al-Tamimi, a assuré lundi qu'aucune force de la coalition n'avait plus rien fait sur le sol irakien depuis le début de 2026 et que ses pilotes venaient de tenir dix jours de missions sans aide extérieure. Dix jours, a-t-il précisé.
Puis il y a le Hachd al-Chaabi, les Forces de mobilisation populaire, né en juin 2014 quand l'État islamique prenait Mossoul et que l'armée s'effondrait. Des dizaines de milices se sont levées à l'appel du clergé de Nadjaf ; une loi de 2016 les a rattachées à l'État et mises sur sa paie. Sur le papier, elles obéissent au Premier ministre, commandant en chef. Dans les faits, plusieurs ont gardé leur chaîne de commandement, leurs dépôts, leurs revenus et leurs attaches à Téhéran. Ce sont elles qui sont en cause dans l'affaire du désarmement, et trois familles s'y distinguent. Les groupes qui ont accepté de rendre les armes ou de se régulariser : Saraya al-Salam, la milice de Moqtada al-Sadr, intégrée en cérémonie à Samarra au mois de juin ; Asaib Ahl al-Haq ; les Kataib al-Imam Ali. Les groupes qui refusent : les Kataib Hezbollah et le Harakat al-Nujaba, les plus liés aux Gardiens de la révolution iraniens, qui parlent d'« armes de la résistance » et ont tiré, depuis février, sur des cibles américaines et sur des pays du Golfe. Entre les deux, l'Organisation Badr, la plus ancienne et la plus nombreuse, dont le chef Hadi al-Amiri a déclaré en août que le monopole des armes était « une décision irakienne », et qu'il n'y aurait pas d'affrontement entre l'État et « la résistance ». La formule ménage tout le monde. Ces factions se sont donné en octobre 2023 une enseigne commune, la « Résistance islamique en Irak », qui a déclaré mercredi n'être tenue « par aucun calendrier ni aucun accord ».
Au nord, la Région autonome du Kurdistan, avec son gouvernement à Erbil, ses Barzani, Nechirvan à la présidence, Masrour au gouvernement, et ses peshmergas, les combattants kurdes qui ont tenu le front contre l'État islamique en 2014. Le 21 septembre, neuf jours avant le départ américain, Erbil a annoncé la fusion en une seule force des peshmergas des deux partis rivaux, le PDK et l'UPK. C'est le Kurdistan qui perd le plus au retrait : les batteries Patriot et les systèmes anti-roquettes américains qui le couvraient sont repartis avec les soldats, selon les informations disponibles à Erbil.
Au nord encore, la Turquie, qui tient depuis décembre 2015 la base de Bachiqa, au nord-est de Mossoul, avec jusqu'à six cents soldats, et qui a accepté le 23 septembre, à New York, d'en commencer le transfert « graduel » à Bagdad, en échange d'un engagement irakien à rétablir l'autorité de l'État dans le Sinjar, où le PKK kurde s'est replié. Graduel : la souveraineté irakienne sur Bachiqa est une promesse datée, pas un état de fait.
L'Iran, enfin, et les États-Unis. L'un a ses relais armés et politiques dans le pays, et la force Qods des Gardiens de la révolution pour les tenir. L'autre conserve à Bagdad la plus grande ambassade du monde, un accord-cadre stratégique signé le 17 novembre 2008, les contrats d'armement, l'entretien des F-16, et un compte en banque dont il sera question plus bas. Reste l'État islamique, réduit selon le dernier rapport du secrétaire général des Nations unies à « quelques centaines » de combattants : assez pour tuer, plus assez pour tenir une ville.
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REJOINDRE LE FIL t.me/resterlibreLe départ est réel, et il se mesure. On comptait 169 000 soldats américains en Irak au plus fort de l'occupation, en août 2007 ; 2 500 après la fin des opérations de combat, en décembre 2021 ; 1 500 soldats de la coalition regroupés à Erbil à la fin de 2025 ; zéro le 30 septembre. Le commandement central américain a déménagé en Jordanie l'état-major de la lutte contre l'État islamique. Les bases fédérales, Aïn al-Assad, le commandement conjoint de Bagdad, avaient été rendues le 18 janvier. Le calendrier avait été arrêté le 27 septembre 2024 entre l'administration Biden et le Premier ministre d'alors, Mohammed Chia al-Soudani ; Bagdad a refusé toute prolongation, et Marco Rubio a confirmé le 23 septembre qu'il n'y en avait eu « aucune discussion ». La date a été tenue au jour près.
Ce que les Américains laissent derrière eux se mesure aussi. Selon les registres du Pentagone, 4 418 soldats américains sont morts entre 2003 et 2011, 31 994 ont été blessés, et 123 sont morts depuis 2014 ; le bureau du budget du Congrès avait arrêté en avril 2011 la dépense militaire à 752 milliards de dollars, avant la seconde campagne. Côté irakien, les décomptes qui circulent, plus de 200 000 civils tués selon les uns, plus de 300 000 morts toutes catégories selon les autres, viennent d'organisations occidentales ; je les cite pour l'ordre de grandeur, pas pour l'unité. Vingt-trois ans après le 14 février 2003, le président des États-Unis dit à sa manière, en une ligne, ce que la France disait ce jour-là au Conseil de sécurité. J'y reviendrai.
Et ce qui est parti, c'est d'abord ce qui protégeait. Le ministère des Peshmergas compte plus de mille attaques de drones et de missiles sur la Région du Kurdistan depuis le 28 février, jour où les États-Unis et Israël ont ouvert la guerre contre l'Iran. Les Patriot d'Erbil en ont intercepté une partie. Ils sont dans les soutes. Masrour Barzani a dit dimanche que laisser le Kurdistan « sans aucun système de défense » était « un sujet d'inquiétude » ; le porte-parole militaire irakien, Sabah al-Numan, répond que Bagdad est « proche » d'acheter des défenses antiaériennes à la Corée du Sud, à la Turquie et aux États-Unis. Proche. Dans l'intervalle, le ciel irakien est ouvert, et les seuls à y disposer de missiles sont ceux que l'on prie de désarmer.
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LAISSER UN POURBOIRE merci !Les partisans de la lecture souverainiste ont un argument que je veux donner dans toute sa force, parce qu'il est bon. L'Irak, disent-ils, a fixé la date du départ et l'a obtenue. Il a repris ses bases en janvier, sans incident. Son Parlement avait voté l'expulsion des forces étrangères le 5 janvier 2020, deux jours après que les Américains eurent tué le général Soleimani et le chef de milice Abou Mahdi al-Mouhandis à l'aéroport de Bagdad, et ce vote, non contraignant, a fini par s'exécuter six ans plus tard. Aucun État de la région n'a fait cela. La France de 1966 n'a pas fait autre chose quand le général de Gaulle a demandé le départ des troupes américaines : il a fixé une date, le 1er avril 1967, et elle a été tenue. Qui fixe la date du départ de l'Amérique et l'obtient a exercé la souveraineté dans ce qu'elle a de plus concret. Je l'accorde entièrement.
Mais la France de 1966 avait la bombe, le commandement de ses armées, sa monnaie et ses aéroports. Renvoyer une armée est un acte de souverain. Refuser, le lendemain, ce que l'ancien protecteur demande encore en est un autre, et c'est celui-là qui compte. Or le lendemain, pour l'Irak, est documenté jour après jour.
Le 8 septembre, le Trésor américain sanctionne vingt-sept compagnies aériennes iraniennes et prévient que tout aéroport, tout avitailleur, toute société d'assistance
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JE M'INSCRIS lecourrierdesstrateges.frTo the Editorial Team of Le Courrier des Stratèges,
We are writing to address incorrect claims about Mr. Alisher Usmanov in the article “Au bon coin macroniste : "Echange parapluie nucléaire contre espion français en prison"” of 24 September 2026 published on your website.
Our concerns relate to the following sections:
• “Comme nous l'avions annoncé hier, la France a fait pression pour sortir un oligarque russe de la liste des sanctions européennes en échange de la libération d'un espion français emprisonné en Azerbaïdjan”;
• “Finalement, l'Union Européenne a accédé aux voeux français, et l'oligarque Ousmanov a disparu de la liste des sanctionnés”.
It is incorrect and unjustly damaging to refer to Mr. Usmanov as an “oligarch”. The appropriate use of the label “oligarch” presupposes individuals who became wealthy thanks to close ties with the Russian state in the 1990s, profiting from privatizations and the so-called “loans for shares” auctions. Such a scenario is entirely unrelated to Mr. Usmanov’s entrepreneurial background, as he built his wealth completely independently and did not participate in the privatization of Russian state assets or in the loans-for-shares auctions in the 1990s. On this point, it is worth noting that the EU Council, in the updated rationale (see #673), stopped using the term “oligarch” in association with Mr. Usmanov - thus recognising the previous language as incorrect - before ultimately removing him from the EU sanctions list altogether.
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Durante todo o mês de outubro, o Município de Loulé coloca a causa animal no centro da agenda local com o lançamento do evento Loulé Festival Animal.
Esta iniciativa, integrada na política municipal para o Bem-Estar Animal, apresenta um programa diversificado repleto de atividades presenciais e digitais focadas na sensibilização, adoção responsável e proteção da biodiversidade.
O festival arranca a 1 de outubro, com a comemoração do Dia do Cão Idoso. Neste dia será conhecido o vencedor do concurso digital, que decorreu nas últimas semanas, para encontrar o canídeo mais idoso do concelho. Uma iniciativa que pretende conscientizar sobre as necessidades especiais dos cães em idade avançada.
No Centro Autárquico de Quarteira inaugra a exposição fotográfica da autoria de Carlos Filipe, “À espera de um lar”. Ao longo de todo o mês vai ser possível visitar esta mostra, que conta com fotografias exibindo histórias de cães e gatos para adoção na Associação Animal Rescue Algarve (ARA).
No dia 3, das 10h às 15h, a Cerca do Convento do Espírito Santo, em Loulé, recebe a Feira do Bem-Estar Animal. No recinto estarão presentes diversos expositores, associações locais, cuidadores, sessões de desenho e contos infantis. Pretende-se que esta seja uma montra do trabalho que é realizado em todo o território concelhio ao nível da causa animal.
O Dia da Adoção Animal assinala-se a 4 de outubro e para marcar a data, a Praça do Mar, em Quarteira, recebe algumas iniciativas para uma adoção responsável, sob o mote . “Adop.Don’t shop!”. O acolhimento será feito pela ARA, estando ainda prevista uma Cãominhada e um sorteio de prémios. Quem quiser adotar o animal poderá fazê-lo aqui.
A 10 de outubro, o festival agrega uma iniciativa inovadora: sessões de Kitty Yoga/Pilates dirigidas a gatos. A atividade acontece no Gatil do Canil de São Francisco de Assis, assinalando o Dia Mundial da Saúde Mental.
Também neste dia celebra-se o Dia Mundial das Aves Migratórias e para alertar para o crime que constitui a captura de aves selvagens, irá realizar-se uma atividade de informação e divulgação nas redes sociais, numa ação que tem como parceiro a Associação Almargem.
Nos dias 13, 14 e 15, no Mar Shopping Algarve, o Município dá a conhecer o Kit de Emergência PET. No Dia Internacional para a Redução do Risco de Desastres, este ano subordinado ao tema “A resiliência começa em casa”, pretende-se informar sobre o conjunto de bens essenciais fundamentais para garantir a segurança e a autonomia do animal durante pelo menos 72 horas, em situações de crise, tais como catástrofes naturais (sismos, incêndios, cheias), falhas prolongadas de energia ou evacuações de emergência.
Ainda neste âmbito, irá realizar-se uma formação de “Primeiros-Socorros” a animais.
O Dia Internacional do Bicho-Preguiça acontece a 17 de outubro. O Loulé Festival Animal vai dar a conhecer a necessidade de preservação desses animais e promover a importância de viver de forma mais lenta e consciente, através da iniciativa “Estórias para famílias”, que acontece na Biblioteca Municipal de Loulé. No mesmo local, no dia 24, entre as 10h00 e as 12h00, as famílias podem participar numa oficina de dedoches, “Animais na ponta do dedo”.
Antes, no dia 21, pelas 11h, o executivo municipal e a equipa do Bem-Estar Animal visitam as instalações da Cimpor tendo em vista a criação da primeira colónia de gatos empresarial.
Finalmente, no encerramento do mês, dia 31 de outubro, no Mar Shopping Algarve, tem lugar o Algarve Coolest Dog, um evento lúdico que irá premiar os cães em diversas categorias como “o melhor apanhador de biscoitos”, “o mais barulhento”, “o mais pachorrento”, “o melhor truque” ou “o mais feliz”.
No ano do seu lançamento, o Loulé Festival Animal prolonga-se no tempo. O encerramento oficial está agendado para o dia 10 de janeiro de 2027, data em que se celebrará a 1ª Missa de Bênção do Animal em Loulé. Esta celebração religiosa e comunitária também irá assinalar formalmente o encerramento das comemorações do Ano Jubilar da Morte de São Francisco de Assis, o padroeiro dos animais e da ecologia.
Com a aposta na realização deste festival, a Câmara Municipal de Loulé reforça o seu compromisso contínuo na sensibilização da comunidade para o respeito, dignidade e proteção de todos os animais de companhia e vida selvagem.
When it comes to defining biological sex, we already know the Albanese Government’s position is silence for the sake of appearing “tolerant.”
So, there’s no real surprise that pro-LGBTQ+ Senator Penny Wong would mislabel Liberal Senator Michaelia Cash’s biological reality bill a “stunt.”
Last month, when responding to questions from Cash about Labor rejecting her Restoring Common Sense and Recognising Biological Sex bill twice, Wong accused Cash of being divisive, stating, “The reality is you are never for equality when it comes to women.
“Do you know what you are for? You are for a stunt which is nothing more than division, and everybody can see that.
“This is not about delivering change that improves the lives of women and girls.”
The exchange was fierce. Cash challenged Wong, and the Labor Senator responded by repeatedly asserting what she described as a policy of respect, equity, equality and Albanese’s focus on domestic violence as proof the party is pro-women.
This was Cash’s second attempt to introduce and debate the common-sense amendment to the Australian Sex Discrimination Act.
The Labor-Green-controlled Senate rejected Cash’s first submission 21 yes, 30 no in July, and again on 15 September, 22 yes, 32 no.
If passed, the Liberal Senator’s bill would have:
1. Affirmed that “women and girls, and men and boys, are entitled to privacy, dignity and safety.”
2. Recognised “biological sex as a real and enduring characteristic.”
3. Recognised that biological sex is how men and boys, women and girls are identified.
4. Protected single-sex spaces in accord with “the principles of fairness and common sense.”
5. Restored clarity and certainty to the law by defining the meaning of biological sex.
Contrary to critics like Wong, Cash argued that the bill would not have violated or hindered current protections against discrimination.
Section 4C was the most important.
Under the senator’s amendment, the law would again recognise that a man is someone whose sex is male, and a woman is someone whose sex is female.
The law would also have acknowledged that “nothing after birth affects a person’s sex. Including, for example, any subsequent medical, surgical or hormonal intervention or any change to the person’s birth certificate or other identity document.”
After the biological reality bill was defeated the first time, Cash took to social media in protest, stating on X that Albanese had “betrayed Australian women and girls.”
“Labor and the Greens killed it before it could even be debated,” she said.
“Our bill would protect the rights of women and girls in single-sex spaces. For example, in toilets, change rooms, domestic violence shelters and sporting facilities.
“That isn’t radical. It isn’t controversial. It’s common sense.
“Instead of standing with Australian women and girls, Anthony Albanese chose political ideology over their privacy, dignity and safety.”
The July bill was reintroduced by Cash in September.
This followed the High Court’s refusal of special leave, ruling that Sall Grover could not appeal, after losing her free speech and female-only spaces battle in Tickle v Giggle.
Remarking on the September outcome and Wong’s “stunt” smear, Cash said on X, Wong and Albanese “have told Australian women what Labor thinks of us when we stand up for our biological rights.
“A woman is a woman. A man is a man.
“Acknowledging this biological reality in the law is not ‘a stunt.’ It’s common sense.”
Kudos, Senator Michaelia Cash.
“Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them.” (Ephesians 5:11)
When it comes to the future of Tail 844, the SR-71 Blackbird that mysteriously disappeared from NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center, few people have more insights than Tim Conners. When he worked at NASA in the 1990s, Conners was the lead propulsion engineer for the agency’s Blackbird program. He worked extensively on 844 and has an intimate knowledge of what made the iconic aircraft tick. Now, he brings an insider perspective on NASA’s secretive work to get the Blackbird back in the air and speculates on what it would take to do so, as well as the famed jet’s possible flight test role for the agency after 27 years of dormancy.
Late last month, we wrote about how satellite imagery taken over Armstrong showed that Tail 844 had been missing since at least May. The revelation was first made by Steve Trimble, Aviation Week‘s defense editor and friend of TWZ. It came after NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman cryptically teased plans for a new high- and fast-flying X-plane with a silhouette of an aircraft that immediately drew comparisons to the Blackbird. Trimble reported just this week that NASA had been talking to ex-SR-71 program personnel about coming back to work on the aircraft. This confluence of events has led to rampant speculation about whether NASA was planning to resurrect the Blackbird and for what purpose?
In an exclusive interview with TWZ, Conners, now technical director for advanced weapons systems at Tiberius Aerospace, gave us his take on NASA’s Blackbird revelations and insights into what NASA is working on and how far along they are in the process.
Some of the questions and answers have been slightly edited for clarity.
Q: Tell me about your background with the SR-71 program. How did it begin? How long did it last? And what did you do?
A: So that basically fell in my lap when I was an engineer at NASA’s Dryden [Flight Research Center] back in the early ’90s when NASA took delivery of three of the airframes when the Air Force was retiring the fleet. So NASA got two A models and a trainer. Obviously, tail number 844, which is NASA’s designation, is the one that’s getting all of the attention right now. But those came to Dryden in the early ’90s.
By luck of the draw, I was in the propulsion group. We were short-staffed for a number of reasons, and they needed an engineer on Blackbird. And I had been with NASA for about three or four years at that point, and I got tapped to prepare the NASA side of the mission for the upcoming research flights. So I had a few years to get familiar. That was a part-time job, by the way. I also owned the F-15 fleet at NASA as a propulsion engineer, and that was occupying a lot of my time, but it did give me an adequate amount of time to get familiar with the way that the airplane operated, at least from the propulsion standpoint. And then we began doing research missions in ’96. I left NASA in ’98, but I was able to support the program through two years of flight testing and all the years of preparation for those two years.
Q: Tell me more about your role with the Blackbirds.
A: I was lead propulsion engineer on the NASA side. So what NASA would do is they would assign disciplinary leads across from their industry and government counterparts. So Dryden’s disciplinary leads, their job was basically to make sure that any experimental packages were integrated safely with the airframe, and that we could execute the proposed test missions safely and successfully. I owned propulsion and I also owned performance. So if you recall the Lockheed Linear Aerospike rocket engine activity, that package weighed 20,000 to 25,000 pounds and was mounted externally on the back of the SR-71. That was a drag issue, obviously. So part of my role was to make sure that we could actually accelerate through the transonic drag rise with that package and get out to the target test conditions.
Q: There is a tremendous amount of interest in seeing the Blackbird fly again. The biggest question seems to be why? What kinds of experiments or research would an SR-71 provide that couldn’t be done more effectively with a modern aircraft, rocket or unmanned vehicle? Can you walk us through some of the reasons NASA would like to see it in the skies again?
A: Yeah, that’s a question that everybody’s been asking. Why? I’m speculating, although I do have a good feel for where this is going. So bear with me.
They probably are not going to do this for — or trying to do this — for aerodynamic reasons. You can do CFD [computational fluid dynamics]-based modeling in this speed regime all day long and very accurately in this day and age. It does not take a lot of time or money to do that. What you cannot do is an accurate representation of a new type of engine integrated into a high-speed airframe. You can do the conceptual modeling of it. Of course, it’s difficult to get the final installed answer, especially if it involves an engine that operates at long duration. That is where I think they’re going with this. I believe that they’re developing basically a high-speed engine test bed. That would make the most sense to me.
Q: That’s something you couldn’t do with a more modern aircraft or rocket or unmanned vehicle?
A: That’s a good question. But you know, probably two-thirds of that battle is just developing the airframe. It does depend on the size of the engine that you’re after.
Obviously, if this were a Williams engine or that size class, you could get by with probably a bespoke drone to do your testing. That wouldn’t be that expensive. If your goal is to test something that’s man-rated or very large, like a J58-size engine, what better way to do it than use an airframe that’s already proven to fly at that speed?
Q: Were you asked to join a team at NASA tasked with getting a jet back in the air? Who else was asked, and what kind of team were they building?
A: I did not receive an offer. There was a tongue-in-cheek text that I got earlier in the year that said, ‘Hey, Conners, how would you like to help get the Blackbirds flying again?’ And that was from somebody who was positioned with inside information. That is where I first heard of this. This was back in spring, but nobody formally reached out to me.
I believe that the only one that’s been tagged so far, as far as a retiree, was Mike Relja. Mike was a crew chief on the Blackbird, and that makes sense that they would potentially want to pull on him. But there was no formal offer, and I tell you what: If somebody approached me to work it, I don’t think I could turn them down.
Q: Do you know where the idea for this project came from and who is in charge?
A: I don’t have an answer. I’d love to know as well.
Q: What can you tell me about this effort? What are the latest developments in this project that you know of?
A: So what I’m hearing is that they’re looking at doing power-on testing fairly soon. That’s pretty big. So of course that’s not engine power on. That’s external power applied to the airframe, seeing which systems still live, which ones don’t, and then moving from there. So that would be an expected first step.
It’s an encouraging step. That means NASA would have gotten beyond cracking open all the bays, inspecting the interior, making sure that the thing at least passes visual inspection for airworthiness from that standpoint.
Q: Have they actually gotten any systems working?
A: No, they’ve done the visual inspection, actually, putting electrons on the airframe. [To get systems working] would be the next step, but it is forthcoming, from what I understand.
Q: What is the timeline?
A: That’s supposed to happen within the next couple weeks.
Q: Really? Where is this work taking place?
A: That I do not know for sure. Although I assume it’s happening at [NASA’s] Armstrong [Flight Research Center].
Q: So what is going to happen?
A: That’s a good question. Let me tell you about what I heard more recently, and then you can begin to connect the dots. JP-7. People ask about the fuel. I think it’s pretty well known that NASA had a huge amount of JP-7 stockpiled that they received from the Air Force back in the early ’90s. So much that it was in a dedicated tank, like one of the giant jet fuel tanks at Edwards Air Force Base. You know, the tanks up on the ridge.
From what I understand, that supply unfortunately was discarded about 20 years ago, and JP-7 is a unique fuel. Obviously, low volatility. When I poked at what might be the way forward there, it didn’t sound like that was a showstopper. I got the impression that there’s been dialogue underway with refineries for a replacement or a surrogate that would work. So I went from being deflated, hearing that the fuel was gone, to being encouraged that potentially there was a surrogate workaround.
But that led to the question regarding the engines themselves, so the feedback there was more discouraging in that it looks like the engines are indeed unserviceable. I don’t believe that is based on an actual attempt to run them. It is based on inspection. Probably no surprise. They’ve sat idle, you know, for 27 years. That is what led to questions going back and forth regarding how the airframe would be powered. And that’s what led into where, if you connect the dots, that’s where the airframe would be used as an engine test bed.
So different engines, they would have to be high-Mach bypass systems. We can speculate on which engine company might be developing those systems, but yeah, I don’t want to give it too much away because I don’t want us to lose the inside information that we got.
Q: Are they working on a completely different engine to power Blackbird?
A: I don’t know that for sure. I think if the J58s are not an option for powering the Blackbird, you either button it back up and walk away from it, or you go bring in engines that are already under development that we’re not privy to at this point in time. But there’s no other option. So what are we going to use? It’s not like we can slap in F100s or F110s. They’re not going to cut it.
Q: Obviously, restoring an aircraft sitting out in the elements for years into one able to withstand the rigors of Mach 3 flight is one hell of an undertaking. In your mind, what are the biggest hurdles to this endeavor?
A: Number one would be the engines for sure. Number two would be anything that’s made of elastomerics. Plastics, wiring. Covering connectors. All that stuff degrades and oxidizes with time. You can imagine what frayed wiring and broken wiring insulation – what kind of havoc that would create. What Blackbird has going for it is that all those casings and connectors were built for the rigor of sustained Mach 3.2 flight for an hour, an hour plus, so they are not going to deteriorate quickly. The question is: Have they deteriorated in 27 years? So, if the answer is not a significant amount, then we’ve probably addressed one of the biggest questions – other than the engines – regarding reviving the airplane.
Q: Do you think NASA is going to attempt to just fly Tail 844 largely in its original configuration, or will they deeply modify it or build something new based on it?
A: Completely unknown. They definitely have the ability to modify the airframe, right? They did it before in the ’90s to carry the Linear Aerospike package. That was a huge undertaking on the airframe itself. They did it successfully. Armstrong still has a pretty deep bench in that area, so if they wanted to take on modifying the titanium structure, I think they could do it.
But it’s a good question. Again, that would probably point to aerodynamic studies, and if it were me and my dollar as a taxpayer, I would lean on computational studies to get those answers. That’s what I tend to do in my day job is forego testing in lieu of computational when it involves external aero, but it’s when you do the integrated propulsion in this speed regime, that’s really when you need test data from the actual operating conditions.
Q: As opposed to digital modeling?
A: Yes. For instance, say the aerodynamic databases for Blackbird are gone, which they might be. I know there are simple aerodynamic models that still exist, but like a true high-fidelity model that would go into a piloted simulator, that could probably be regenerated fairly quickly. Probably on the order of months computationally in this day and age. So I think simulation capability could be stood up in fairly short order. That, of course, will be foundational for the pilot training task.
Q: We’ll talk more about pilot training later, but first I want to ask about modernization. If NASA were to inject modernized features into the SR-71, what would you like to see? And what makes the most sense in terms of material science, avionics, propulsion and so on?
A: I’m not a materials expert. I think it would be really interesting to see how the airframe could be optimized using adaptive flight control capabilities. So, if the flight control system could be digitized, I think that would lead to some very interesting in-flight experiments. I doubt that that would be. I could be wrong, but if the goal is to get the airframe back up as a propulsion test bed, you don’t need to cut out the hydromechanical flight control system and replace it with a digital one.
That all said, what I would like to see is what we talked about a few minutes ago, and that’s basically modern high-speed engine technology. So what could be done? The J58s were low operating pressure ratio systems. What could be done with a modern, digitally controlled, multistream, high-Mach engine, I think, would be truly trailblazing.
One of the reasons why there’s interest in this speed regime, it was neglected for a number of years. The focus was on hypersonics. If you proposed anything going back, say, 15 years in the Mach 3.5 speed regime, it was ignored. The glitz and glamor was on hypersonics. Hypersonics is great tactically for certain scenarios, but the weaknesses of hypersonics are now becoming apparent.
And as far as countermeasures, hypersonics still has a place. Don’t get me wrong, but every system cannot be hypersonic from an affordability standpoint. So, now you’ve seen it over the last, say, five years. A lot of systems are coming back on the scene that operate in the Mach 2 to Mach 4 regime, and there’s a reason they’re all fitting in there, right? You stay below the speed limit that requires more exotic metallics. You stay in the titanium regime. You can fly, of course, up to [Mach] 3.5 with brief excursions up to about [Mach] 4, so that is tactically relevant against a lot of military targets and defensive systems. So here it is. You know we now have a potential flying test bed that can carry engines in the J58 size class.
Q: How much could a project like this cost, and is it really economically feasible? How long do you think it could take?
A: I’ve been thinking that over, and I think it depends on who does it. I don’t want to disparage my former government brethren. I had great respect for the folks at NASA when I worked with them, but one of the reasons why I left the agency is because it was becoming so risk-averse. That was adding bloat to everything. And what we used to do quickly, we no longer could do quickly or cheaply at what was Dryden Flight Research Center, so that is what concerns me.
If NASA could operate with the agility that it had, if Dryden/Armstrong could operate with the agility it had 30 years ago, they could do this work in probably a few years. I would say again, it would depend on what exactly they need to do to the airframe. If it’s to resurrect the airframe and bolt in new engines using existing interface hardpoints, that would go much, much more quickly than doing extensive airframe modifications.
Q: Given that 844 has been sitting idle since 1999, what would be the very first thing you would want to inspect or test before even considering putting it back in the air?
A: Exactly what I’m hearing the rumor is that they’re doing this. What is the condition of all the components in the airplane that are flowing electrons? Because if the entire airframe is shorted out, you know how it is.
If you have a car where you’ve hooked up the battery cables backwards – I had a car once where somebody jumped in and did that. It ruined the car because I was chasing shorts constantly, constantly breaking down in the months that followed because the wiring was compromised, melted, bubbled all over the vehicle. And then it would get wet. You get shorts. That, I believe, is what one of the objectives of power-on testing is. To make sure continuity still exists, reliable continuity throughout the airframe. So that’s exactly the first step.
I would say the second would be hydraulics. That vehicle is hydromechanical. So what is the state of the actuators and whatnot?
Q: And you said that work is taking place now?
A: It’s certainly being inspected. That was one of the reasons why they pulled it off of the display pad at Armstrong. But that work has been going on for a couple of months, and it certainly seems that there was at least reason to be encouraged and to go forward with this next step. Otherwise, they would have just towed it back to the parking spot.
Q: And the next step is testing the systems?
A: That is correct.
Q: We touched on this a little before, but how realistic is it to get an SR-71’s J58 engines operational again after nearly three decades of inactivity? What would worry you most about those engines? How many are left?
A: Well, that’s a good point. As far as [engines] that are readily available, there are several that are at the [Air Force Flight Test (AFFT) Museum at Edwards AFB]. I believe they’ve been stored outside. But if you consider all the museums around the world with Blackbirds on display, almost all of them have installed J58s, and there’s usually one sitting alongside the airframe on display, so there are plenty of engines. Whether or not they’re serviceable, that of course is the question.
But probably the biggest problem with an engine – well, there are several with a gas turbine that sits unmoved for decades – it’s going to be that you’re going to flatten the bearings. Probably not visible to the eye, but rotating turbo machinery doesn’t like flats on the bearings. So for obvious vibration reasons, you got that. And you’ve got the seals. Seals are going to crack. Trapped fuel is going to turn to gunk and clog up lines. That engine was all hydromechanical, of course, or no digital controls on that because of the heat involved. So fuel hydraulics played a big role in that engine.
There is likely a lot of goo in those lines. I believe that’s why they’ve essentially been written off as unserviceable. I was discouraged because one of the questions I asked that I didn’t get an answer to was: Did anybody try to run the engines or pull them apart? But I don’t even know if the instructions exist to unstack a J58 at this point. I’m sure it could be figured out with the right people, but you know how it is. Pulling something apart is a lot easier than putting it back together.
Q: So there’s no manual for that anymore?
A: I don’t know if there’s a manual specific to that. Like I told Steve [Trimble] at Aviation Week, there certainly are operating manuals. You’ve probably seen the pilot’s manual for the SR-71A. It’s a beauty. There are a lot of copies online. You can get PDFs of those. They are very well-written, huge manuals. I know prints exist for the airplane. Those were in the keeping of the Edwards Museum. I believe those have been handed back over to NASA. So, it’s not like there’s a complete dearth of information.
When I was at NASA, I was the person who received everything that Pratt & Whitney had left on the J58s when the Air Force decommissioned the program, and that information was in two or three smallish boxes and consisted of hard copy code printout or printout of numerical data, along with some magnetic reels of code. It was not much. And I was told at the time the only reason I received that information was somebody missed it when the Air Force gave the destruct notice. It was under somebody’s desk, so it was not much in the way of knowledge transfer, unfortunately.
Q: What did you do with all that?
A: I left it behind in 1998 when I left NASA.
Q: What happened to it?
A: I have no idea. Hopefully, somebody scanned it. But again, that was J58 info, right? So if they’re going with a new engine, they’ll have the full digital models for those new systems. And I do believe that recreating the aerodynamic database, including inlet performance, that kind of data can all be regenerated fairly quickly with computational tools.
Q: We touched on this a little bit before, but how difficult would it be to reproduce the JP-7 fuel that powered the Blackbird? It would need designated tankers too, correct?
A: So that was one of the questions I asked is whether or not that formulation exists still. The answer I got back was that essentially a refinery should be able to recreate a suitable surrogate. If you think about it, JP-7 was unique in that it had a very low volatility characteristic.
What I’ve learned about Jet A from some of the ramjet work that I’ve been doing is that it has a ridiculously low volatility too, of course, by design. So I don’t know that JP-7 is that far apart from the chemical characteristics of a Jet A-class fuel, JP-8-type fuel. JP-8 was a significant change from JP-4, so the Air Force was using JP-4 in their fleet, and then moved to JP-8 to be consistent in the ’90s with the Navy with their formulations. That’s a lower volatility fuel, and at NASA we had to recharacterize the flight performance of all of our jets with JP-8, but it worked fine.
We were concerned about operability – that we were going to have flameouts and engine relight and flight relay problems. Those did not materialize, so I don’t want to oversimplify it, but I am thinking that you might be able to take an existing Jet A and with the right additives knock down the volatility to a level that’s safe for flying in the Blackbird.
Q: What would need to happen to have aerial refueling jets be able to handle fuel for the Blackbird?
A: There were dedicated JP-7 tankers for the Blackbird. I don’t know if they can take an existing system and flush it. It would depend on the formulation, right? JP-7 was notorious for its unseemly characteristics. It was toxic.
I had a shirt that got dripped on when I was standing under the wing of the Blackbird once, and I had to throw it out. I could not get the stink out of that shirt from the JP-7. It was a weird fuel. So if you can get one that’s more aligned with the fuels used in the service, then I don’t believe that’s going to be a showstopper as far as tanker support, but you do know tanker support is going to be required for that airplane.
Q: You said the JP-7 fuel stank. What did it smell like?
A: I just remember it turning my stomach. Like I kept smelling something as the day went on, and I reached over and saw a stain on my shoulder. I don’t recall what happened the rest of the day, but I just remember being repulsed by the odor and then not being able to get it out when I washed the shirt.
Q: Beyond the fuel, the SR-71 depended on a huge ecosystem of specialized equipment, fluids, personnel and procedures. Which parts of that infrastructure would be hardest to recreate today?
A: That was something that Mike Relja pointed out when he talked to Steve Trimble. That’s a good one. You probably heard that the J58s were started with a start cart that was basically a bank of Buick 12-cylinder engines, all next to each other. It’s a beautiful-sounding system, but very unique. But what is starting, you know, other than you’re either doing a power takeoff via shaft, or you’re using compressed air. It depends on what the engine demands. So I think the start cart development would be fairly straightforward.
But there is a lot of specialized equipment, like Mike pointed out, the wings when they’re split up, they are held in place by a specific scaffolding. The way the engines were craned out of the wing required special equipment. Pulling the inlet spike off that required a special cradle. Those are not insurmountable, but you don’t want to wait till the last minute to realize you need unique equipment. So it’s all got to be taken into consideration.
Q: Could existing SR-71s in museums realistically be used as sources of spare parts for 844, or would cannibalizing those aircraft create more problems than it solves? Were those airframes left structurally intact?
A: I believe that was the agreement with the Blackbirds. If a museum were to put one on display, there was a certain expectation regarding care and maintenance. Not so much maintenance, but care and preservation. If you think about it, many of them are under [a] roof in climate-controlled facilities. I know several of them that are preserved like that, including one here in Tucson. That, of course, is the best place for preserving anything with elastomerics and plastic. So I think it’s encouraging that so many of them have been so well cared for. Again, it’s going to come down to which components, regardless of whether or not they’re indoor or outdoor, which components are going to fail first, and I believe that’s the exercise NASA is looking at.
Then you’ve got to start beating down, chasing supply chain sources for some of this, and you know the nightmare that’s out there with supply chain and aerospace. So it’s not going to be an easy task. I don’t want to act like it is. I don’t think it’s insurmountable though.
Q: So these aircraft can be used as sources of spare parts?
A: Sure, absolutely.
Q: Is anyone with a Blackbird already contributing parts?
A: I know that the Edwards Air Museum is contributing what they can as far as spares and prints. I don’t know who else, although I believe the second NASA SR-71A went to the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in Oregon. I would expect them to be in the loop.
(TWZ reached out to the Evergreen to find out what, if anything, it is contributing to this effort.)
Q: How difficult will it be for modern test pilots to fly Tail 844, or whatever aircraft is created from this project? What would actually be the hardest part of training a pilot to fly the aircraft today? Do you think they will convert it into an unmanned configuration?
A: Well, that would be a difficult airplane to convert to unmanned, unless it went with a digital backbone, and like I said, I think that would be an enormous undertaking. It’s not unheard of. NASA, along with McDonnell Douglas, converted a couple of F-15s to all-digital backbones before the F-15E program began. It can be done. It’s just expensive. It’s not easy.
But the piloting task starts with a good simulator, right? The piloting task is absolutely a big deal. I saw it firsthand at Dryden. That said, it took a couple years, probably two. I would say that’s about right for the Dryden pilots, who are pretty good at what they do, to learn to fly the Blackbird safely, and that was with the use of the two-seat trainer, which we’re not going to have this time.
So I think the key to this happening is getting a digital sim together very quickly, and it wouldn’t surprise me if NASA has begun this process already. Getting that together, plus getting the former pilots who are still with us in the seat to make sure that it aligns with what they recall as far as the unique features of the airplane.
I have 100 hours of stick time on the Air Force Blackbird simulator. I’m not a pilot, but I used to pre-fly the maneuvers for the pilots and NASA on the high-drag missions, so I’m familiar with the way the airplane flies up and away, and it is a bear to fly. It is not easy. So training is not insurmountable. Like I said, it takes a good, high-fidelity sim. NASA is expert at building those kinds of simulators, modular simulators quickly. In this day and age, we should be able to put a high-fidelity sim together fairly quickly for training.
If you recall, the cockpit is an analog nightmare on a Blackbird. Breakers everywhere. Dials everywhere. I doubt that somebody suggested that we go with an all-digital cockpit. That would be so much work to do. But if we go for it with just a pure analog cockpit that we used previously, that’s going to require a lot of familiarity. I do believe that the training systems might still exist for that. It would just be for that airplane. It would just be getting them all cobbled back together.
Q: What made the Blackbird so difficult to fly?
A: It’s a low-G airframe, so you got to baby it. It’s easy to get an angle of attack out of range. And then with those chined surfaces, it’s easy to get a pitch-up with the airplane. That’s how I always managed to wreck it in the sim. I would let alpha get away from me.
Q: Do you know if any of the pilots have been recalled for this effort to get this thing flying again?
A: No, I don’t know.
Q: It has been close to 70 years since the A-12 Oxcart first flew. There had to have been other high-speed aircraft that at least came and went in the classified test environment. Considering all the work in hypersonics today, it isn’t hard to believe new platforms exist. Why would the SR-71 still have relevance here, and why not use one of those aircraft instead, if they exist? If they do, is it because the SR-71 is declassified?
A: Yeah, that could very well be what we’re looking at here. I’ve had friends ask that question this week. We were talking about the SR-72. Where is that at? I don’t know. I know people who went to work on it years ago. I’ve never heard anything since. So it could be that that’s so deep black that there’s no way that platform could be used as a test asset. So I think it’s precisely what you said. The Blackbird’s no longer classified, and that it’s possible that the engines that might be used in Blackbird wouldn’t be classified either.
Q: Would any of those engines be applicable for this SR-71 reboot?
A: Certainly.
Q: Do you know if they exist anywhere?
A: No. But from what was leaked or hinted at regarding the size of the vehicle, it would seem that whatever was the power plant for that aircraft, it would be about the right size.
Q: What do you think generally about the renaissance of sorts in high-speed aerospace capabilities in recent years?
A: I worked on HAWC [Hypersonic Airbreathing Weapon Concept] at Raytheon, which became HACM [Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile]. One of the systems that I helped design was the inlet isolator used on HACM, which is not operational yet, but it will be. But it’s an air breather by Raytheon. That gave me a lot of exposure to the level of exquisite technology that’s required to field a system like that.
It is expensive. It’s difficult. Supply chain is a challenge. There’s a reason why they cost what they do per unit. So you see the push to develop lower-cost hypersonic systems like Castelion’s Blackbeard [lower-cost hypersonic missile]. It’s not an air breather. So I think it’s an easier problem than what we dealt with at Raytheon with an air breather. But nevertheless, it’s impressive that they’ve gotten a price point down to what they’ve gotten, so you see that happening in hypersonics.
You’re kind of stuck in the same block of speed, but the price is dropping. And then meanwhile, you’ve got this massive group of munitions that are setting up camp in a Mach 2 to Mach 4 speed regime for reasons I mentioned. Those are running much cheaper per shot and per effect, which is why that’s happening. So that you give up something on survivability by pulling down into that speed range, but the price point allows you to volley at such a level that you overwhelm the defensive systems.
Q: If an SR-71 took to the skies again, would it not be one of the highest-profile aviation moments in a generation? It would certainly capture the imagination of many young and old. What do you think about the social aspect of all this?
A: I have yet to find anybody who isn’t excited by the prospect. Certainly, everybody within aviation thinks it’s cool. Some of my family who don’t know much about airplanes – they all think it’s cool. Everybody thinks it’s just super. That said, everybody also wonders why we’re doing it. But what’s funny is everybody still says, ‘Let’s do it anyway because it’s such an iconic airplane, beautiful airplane, an inspiration.’ Hopefully, there would be a good reason to spend the money. But I think even if it’s a bad reason, everybody wants it to take to the skies again.
Q: If you were a betting man, Tim, what would you say are the odds of this thing flying again?
A: I would give it a 25% chance.
Contact the author: howard@twz.com
The post Former SR-71 Engineer Talks NASA’s Blackbird Revival Program appeared first on TWZ.
Um homem de 33 anos ficou em prisão preventiva depois de ter sido detido pela GNR, no dia 28 de setembro, por suspeitas de roubo com recurso a arma branca, no concelho de Albufeira. Três pessoas sofreram ferimentos ligeiros numa das ocorrências.
Segundo o Comando Territorial de Faro, a intervenção começou após um roubo num estabelecimento comercial, onde o suspeito terá ameaçado com uma arma branca e levado uma caixa registadora.
Durante as diligências para o localizar, o homem terá entrado noutro estabelecimento comercial e tentado apoderar-se de uma segunda caixa registadora, novamente sob ameaça com arma branca. Foi nesta ocorrência que três pessoas ficaram ligeiramente feridas.
Os militares do Destacamento Territorial de Albufeira deslocaram-se ao local, onde intercetaram e detiveram o suspeito. A arma branca alegadamente utilizada foi apreendida.
Após ser presente a primeiro interrogatório judicial, foi-lhe aplicada a medida de coação de prisão preventiva.
By Craig Murray | October 2, 2026
Rather than abandoning the plainly nuts Fairford narrative, Burnham and his government are doubling down on the claim it is an Iranian terror plot.
It remains quite possible the men were indeed fuel thieves, simply stealing fuel from farms. They appear to have been equipped for fuel theft and all they were carrying was petrol. It is worth a footnote that there is a very real history of US military personnel, and indeed British personnel, selling military fuel from bases. Stolen red diesel meant for HMS Bulwark fuelled fairground rides throughout England, which I think is rather lovely. But if the Fairford Five were fuel thieves, farms are more probable as the target.
We should pause here to acknowledge that USAF Fairford is falsely designated RAF Fairford, itself a propaganda lie, just like “RAF Lakenheath” or “RAF Mildenhall”. The UK is full of US military bases, on which US law applies. (My birth certificate gives my father’s occupation as “Clerk USAF”. He was employed at Mildenhall at the time).
It is a classic example of state propaganda that the petrol discovered in the Fairford vans was described by counter terror police as a potential accelerant for a bomb.
Well yes, petrol is that. It has however, rather more obvious uses too. The same technique was used at the height of the War on Terror propaganda in the Great Easter Bomb Plot, that never was. Police rounded up and arrested many young Muslims across the Manchester region, which was front-page news. They were all later released without charge.
But at the time of arrest the police announced they had found a potential bomb-making ingredient in a kitchen.
Well, they had. It was a bag of sugar. Sugar is indeed a potential bomb-making ingredient. Yet most of us have a bag in the kitchen. At least it did not take the police ten days to find the bag of sugar in the kitchen, unlike when they searched Charlie Rowley’s flat for a vial of novichok, and it took them ten days to “find” a bottle of perfume sitting on the kitchen counter.
For Fairford, on balance I think a false flag gone wrong is a little more likely than just fuel thieves. We know the men had no bombs and no guns, which makes the terrorist narrative rather hard for the government to sustain. But if they were patsies set up in a false flag, there would be plenty of things already on the base that go bang which could have been used to create the “terrorist incident” around them.
Two key points make me think this was a false flag. Firstly the lady farmer who called 999 was adamant there were more men that the five arrested and bailed. The others would have been the spycops – agents provocateurs – who would have been quietly spirited away from the scene. That also fits with the released information that it was one of the men who phoned in a warning about the “attack”.
It looks to me like a false flag spectacular had been planned, with US involvement as claimed by Trump and possibly Israeli knowledge as claimed by Netanyahu. This operation by the security services was viewed as over the pay grade of local police (who might be inconveniently honest) who were not in the picture. It all went horribly wrong for the government when an alert local farmer called the local police, and when a participant also called it in. That could have been one of the recruited “terrorists” who got cold feet, or one of the agents panicked they had lost contact with their line of command.
The use of recruited patsies to carry out false flags is now better understood. I have been writing about it since before the Newburgh bomb plot which was a particularly egregious example. In the United States there has been more awareness of and reaction to agent provocateur incited plots than in the UK.
For anyone sceptical, here is a summary of Newburgh:
In May 2009 the FBI arrested four poor men from Newburgh, New York, and announced it had foiled a plot to bomb two synagogues in the Bronx and shoot down military planes at Stewart Air National Guard base. The plot, the targets, the inert bombs and the disabled Stinger missile were all supplied by the Bureau. The recruiter was Shahed Hussain, a Pakistani fraudster who had become an informant to avoid deportation after a driving-licence scam. Paid nearly $100,000, he spent more than a year fishing at a Newburgh mosque, posing as a wealthy Jaish-e-Mohammed agent, before latching onto James Cromitie, a Walmart stocker and petty drug dealer.
Hussain offered heavenly reward and as much as $250,000. Cromitie brought in three others: Onta Williams, David Williams and Laguerre Payen. Hussain drove them across a state line to inspect the fake weapons, which federalised the charges and carried a 25-year minimum. They were convicted in 2010.
The sentencing judge, Colleen McMahon, said she believed beyond a shadow of a doubt that there would have been no crime except that the government instigated it, planned it and brought it to fruition. In 2023 she ordered the release of three of them, calling it an FBI-orchestrated conspiracy and writing that the real lead conspirator was the United States. She freed Cromitie in 2024 on the same basis, describing him as a small-time grifter with no history of violence and Hussain as a villain who had lured him with promises of both heavenly and earthly rewards.
The Golders Green ambulances arson was a classic of this false flag genre. Four young Muslims were recruited, in this case online rather than in person, by someone they never saw who was almost certainly a Mossad agent. They were offered money to attack the ambulances, which they did. The attack is then blamed on Iran through a claim on a Telegram channel on behalf of an “Iranian organisation”, Harakat Ashab al-Yamin al-Islamia, which is a Mossad fabrication.
HAYI first became known to the world through simultaneous press releases on 16 March by five Israeli government outlets in Israel, US and UK (including BICOM) and an article by the Israeli front “Foundation for Defending Democracy”. The FDD’s Nick Stewart travels with Kushner and Witkoff as part of the US negotiating team on the Middle East.
There are numerous reasons for doubting the real existence of HAYI. None of its material is in Farsi. All of its “attacks” have been minor arson attacks on pointless targets that hurt nobody. The grammar, calligraphy and imagery of its materials are all wrong.
The UK state itself has now debunked some of the Mossad HAYI narrative. On 29 April, when Essa Suleiman stabbed three men, the entire media blocked out the first Muslim victim and claimed an antisemitic terrorist attack on the two in Golders Green. The HAYI Mossad run “Iranian” Telegram channel immediately put out a statement claiming responsibility for the attack. But yesterday police and prosecution were forced to drop the claim it was a terrorist attack at all. The stabbing of the Muslim is charged as attempted murder, though still ignored by the media. So “HAYI” claimed responsibility for a non-existent terrorist incident.
A false flag can be, but is not necessarily, the state planting a bomb and then blaming someone else. It can be more complex – the state recruiting people to plant bombs. Those people may believe they are genuinely part of an ideological campaign, or may just be doing it for money.
The opaque Starmer rent-boy arson plot, in which Ukrainian male models burnt property associated with Keir Starmer, remains unclear, largely because any discussion of what lay behind the attacks was banned by the judge in the trial. But the media, with government encouragement, continually relays the story that the arsonists were recruited online by a man known as “El Money”. An interesting twist here is that the media constantly refer to him as Russian-speaking. But the evidence in court is that he spoke both Russian and Ukrainian.
Almost all adult Ukrainians can speak Russian. The number of Russians who speak Ukrainian is very small. Yet El Money is now routinely portrayed as Russian.
Which brings us to the whole question of Russian “hybrid attacks”, where we are asked to believe the narrative of the security services of states whose leaders are openly promoting war with Russia, about desultory and mysterious attacks. The rather sorry Leipzig drone is a good example. We have a more recent claim of Russian arson from Estonia, a state which has instituted massive discrimination against the 29% of its population who speak Russian.
Not only has Estonia closed Russian schools, libraries, theatres, churches, cinemas and university courses, it even refuses passports to people born and bred in Estonia, whose parents were born and bred in Estonia, if they cannot speak Estonian. That is totally contrary to numerous UN, Council of Europe and OSCE instruments on protection of minority linguistic rights.
It is one thing to insist on language qualification for citizenship for new immigrants. Many countries do. It is quite another thing to deny citizenship to a native linguistic minority. Estonia was part of Russia from 1721 to 1919 and of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1991. It has Russian speakers.
So I decline to believe the Estonian government on Russian “hybrid attacks”.
Which brings us to the amazing “FlyDubai” hijacking and the heroic plumber who knew how to rescue a plane from a death dive because he watched Air Crash Investigation.
There are real problems with this narrative. One is that the plane is said to have dived approximately 15,000 feet in about 30 seconds. This is said to be confirmed by independent flight trackers.
The force was so enormous that the rudder ripped off the plane.
Picture a dive of 500 feet – that is more than a 40 storey building – per second. Picture that. 500 feet in a second. Imagine yourself falling that fast. The forces would be enormous inside the cabin. Anybody not strapped in would be lifted right out of their seats and probably hit the ceiling. Many would be injured. Any unfastened object, including major ones like food trollies, would be hurled about with great force. Baggage lockers would come unlocked as the weight of the bags inside was hurled up. Remember this dive ripped the rudder off. It would be impossible for anyone not strapped into their chair to keep their footing or seat.
Chilling footage of the Flydubai FZ1073 commercial plane making a rapid descent during the on-board struggle between the hijacking pilot and co-pilot/passengers. pic.twitter.com/PsSSPwhThr
— Status-6 (@Archer83Able) September 30, 2026
We have a great many videos from on board the plane but nothing like this is shown. No video shows this kind of extreme situation, and the cabin at the end of the flight is remarkably undisturbed.
Before #FZ1073 changed its squawk to 7700, we observed extreme fluctuations in the transmitted altitude data, with calculated vertical speeds ranging from approximately -30,000 to +10,000 ft/min.
For context, vertical speeds during normal operations rarely exceed ±4,000 ft/min.… pic.twitter.com/Zgyn0iQ33a
— Flightradar24 (@flightradar24) September 30, 2026
There is also a problem with that flight-tracking data. As pointed out by this commercial pilot on CNN, a plane can’t easily slow down in mid-air. He is disbelieving of how quickly the flight trackers show the plane returning to normal speed. He is also deeply sceptical of the ability to control the plane after the rudder came off due to loss of hydraulic fluid, and of the chances of the airframe staying together. Now compare that to the lack of cabin tumult.
I have seen it argued that if you entered the dive very gently and carefully without sudden change of pitch, and exited it similarly smoothly, then you would avoid extreme G-forces and the cabin might be relatively undisturbed. Even if so, it is hard to imagine the kind of smooth transition into the dive in the circumstances we are told were occurring in the cockpit, with the co-pilot deliberately putting the plane in a death dive while fighting with the pilot.
The smooth transition out of the dive in the official story was achieved by a plumber who knew what to do from watching Air Crash Investigation. I don’t think I need to comment on that.
We will never find out the truth about FlyDubai. The plane diverted to Saudi Arabia. The copilot who is being painted as an Islamic extremist will be isolated there and tortured by the Saudis. Netanyahu has already said Israel will join the interrogation. Do not believe any confession or evidence from the co-pilot.
The plane was a Boeing, so the USA will join the initial investigation alongside UAE, Saudi Arabia and Israel. A more potent coalition of Zionist evil does not exist. We will certainly have faked flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder evidence coming from that shower.
I do feel something has snapped in people’s willingness to believe official narratives. The Skripal narrative was even more crazy than any of these, but most people still trusted government. Thankfully that faith has been seriously shaken.
Il prezzo alla pompa è l’ultimo anello di una catena che l’Italia non governa più: greggio dal Golfo in guerra, gasolio da raffinerie passate in mani straniere o dall’India, prezzo fissato da una quotazione privata. E oggi Washington chiede all’Europa di svuotare le scorte di diesel, minacciando di bloccare le proprie esportazioni. A Levante, venerdì 2 ottobre, Margherita Furlan, fondatrice di Casa del Sole TV, e Vincenzo Maddaloni, giornalista e già corrispondente da Mosca e Varsavia, partono dal distributore per allargare lo sguardo al mondo multipolare. Conduce Jeff Hoffman. Affrontiamo insieme: L’ultimatum americano sul gasolio e perché colpisce soprattutto Germania e Francia Raffinerie: dalla ventina di impianti degli anni Novanta alle dieci di oggi, metà della capacità in mani estere Il Platts CIF Med, cioè chi fa davvero il prezzo, e le accise mobili dal 6 ottobre BRICS, unanimità a geometrie variabili: pagamenti, cavi, calcolo, minerali dopo il vertice di Nuova Delhi Il Valdai di Putin e il cuneo fra America ed Europa I 100 miliardi di Draghi per l’intelligenza artificiale: a chi andranno i calcolatori? Il ddl sull’antisemitismo e la frattura nel Pd GLI ARTICOLI DI CUI PARLIAMO Margherita Furlan, «BRICS, unanimità a geometrie variabili», La Fionda, 15 settembre 2026 Margherita Furlan, «Raffinerie, l’Italia decida di essere un Paese», La Fionda, 19 settembre 2026 I LIBRI DEGLI OSPITI Vincenzo Maddaloni, «Voglia di rivoluzione. Storia e storie di un desiderio inappagato», Nexus Edizioni, 2024 Vincenzo Maddaloni con Modini, «L’atomica degli ayatollah», Nutrimenti, 2006 Margherita Furlan, «BRICS Scacco Matto» (italiano, inglese, russo),2025 SOSTIENI CASA DEL SOLE TV Casa del Sole TV è un progetto di giornalismo indipendente autofinanziato. Per donazioni: IBAN: IT63P0326822300052392596590 Intestato a: La Casa del Sole Edizioni Causale: Donazione Casa del Sole TV Membership YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CasadelSoleT… — Analista Multipolare €5/mese — Inviato della Verità €15/mese — Architetto del Futuro €25/mese SEGUI CASA DEL SOLE TV YouTube: @CasadelSoleTVChannel #Levante #CasadelSoleTV #MargheritaFurlan #Geopolitica #Multipolarismo #VincenzoMaddaloni #Gasolio #Carburanti #BRICS #Raffinerie #Valdai #SovranitàEnergetica
L'articolo 🔴Prezzo alla pompa ultimo anello | LEVANTE LIVE proviene da Casa del Sole TV.
As antepropostas de Plano e Orçamento dos Açores para 2027 preveem um investimento de cerca de 17,2 milhões de euros na promoção e desenvolvimento sustentável do destino, mais 8,3 milhões de euros do que o montante inscrito no Orçamento para 2026.Edu Aguirre, jornalista espanhol e amigo próximo de Cristiano Ronaldo, conta que o selecionador nacional pediu desculpa ao avançado em privado e prometeu repetir o gesto publicamente. Horas depois, Jorge Jesus assumiu perante os jornalistas que é ele quem decide a utilização dos jogadores, e o futebolista sentiu-se traído.
Cristiano Ronaldo terá ficado revoltado com Jorge Jesus depois de uma promessa que, segundo Edu Aguirre, o selecionador lhe fez numa conversa privada.
De acordo com Aguirre, a conversa aconteceu na noite de terça-feira (29), numa reunião que juntou ainda Pedro Proença, presidente da Federação Portuguesa de Futebol (FPF). O treinador terá admitido que não tinha gerido bem a situação e assegurado que faria um pedido de desculpa também diante dos jornalistas.
A versão apresentada por Aguirre é que, no dia seguinte, o discurso público do selecionador acabou por ser diferente do que tinha transmitido ao avançado. Essa mudança terá sido entendida por Ronaldo como uma quebra da palavra dada.
A saída do estágio
As declarações de Aguirre surgem depois de Ronaldo ter abandonado o estágio da seleção, em Copenhaga. O avançado não participou no treino e deixou a concentração após uma conversa com Pedro Proença, seguindo depois para Madrid.
A decisão foi anunciada pelo próprio nas redes sociais. “Após a conferência de imprensa do selecionador nacional, e no seguimento de uma conversa com o presidente da FPF, tomei a decisão de deixar o estágio da seleção nacional”, escreveu.
O capitão português não revelou, por enquanto, todos os motivos que estiveram na origem da saída, mas deixou uma promessa: “A seu tempo, direi a verdade a todos os portugueses sobre as razões que motivaram a minha saída da equipa nacional, à qual sempre me dediquei.”
A FPF confirmou entretanto a saída do jogador da concentração, numa altura em que Portugal se prepara para os próximos compromissos internacionais.
JN/MS
LA NEWSLETTER · GRATUITE
L'essentiel de l'actualité, passé au crible par les cinq plumes du Courrier. Dans votre boîte, chaque jour ouvré.
Gratuit. Vous restez libre de partir quand vous voulez.
JE M'INSCRIS lecourrierdesstrateges.fr600 interpellations avant midi. 564 établissements perturbés depuis ce matin. 40 proviseurs blessés, 65 personnels de l'Éducation nationale au total, chiffres du ministre ce matin. Hier, 1 207 établissements perturbés ou bloqués et 1 949 interpellations. Environ 400 lycées sur 3 700 sont fermés aujourd'hui.
Disons-le avant le reste, parce que cela ne se négocie pas. À La Ciotat, le proviseur du lycée de la Méditerranée a été aspergé d'essence et roué de coups. À Belfort, un commandant de police a été frappé au sol puis hospitalisé, et un suspect interpellé portait de l'acide chlorhydrique. Ceux-là ne portent aucune revendication. Un État qui ne protégerait ni les bâtiments ni les personnels manquerait à la seule mission que personne ne lui dispute.
Dans l'autre sens, 3 enquêtes de l'IGPN sont ouvertes depuis jeudi et un lycéen a été hospitalisé à Tours, la tête ouverte. La symétrie n'est pas morale, elle est factuelle : il y a de la violence des deux côtés du cordon, et c'est la marque des situations qu'on laisse durer.
ABONNEMENT
Deux grands formats par jour. Les cinq plumes du Courrier. La série Sécession, le dimanche.
Le monde commente. Vous, vous comprenez.
S'ABONNER lecourrierdesstrateges.frJeudi, l'entourage du Premier ministre fait savoir que les services de renseignement voient dans la mobilisation une manœuvre organisée par LFI et ses proxys de l'ultragauche. Vendredi matin, le ministre de l'Éducation explique que le mouvement a « changé de nature » et qu'il est « pris en otage par des groupes violents ».
Ces deux phrases ne disent pas la même chose. La première dit : ce mouvement n'existe pas, il est fabriqué. La seconde dit : ce mouvement existe, et on le lui vole. Un gouvernement peut se tromper ; il ne peut pas tenir les deux récits en 24 heures et prétendre savoir à quoi il a affaire.
Ce sont les chefs d'établissement qui tranchent : les auteurs des violences ne sont pas leurs élèves. C'est exactement la distinction que Matignon refusait la veille, en mettant dans le même sac celui qui réclame un professeur de français et celui qui asperge un proviseur d'essence.
Le 1er octobre, l'article 54 du projet de loi de finances instaure des droits d'inscription pour les étudiants non boursiers : 178 euros en BTS, 270 euros en classe préparatoire. Le même jour, des lycées brûlent. Le soir, le ministre de l'Éducation annonce que le gouvernement renonce.
24 heures entre le dépôt et le retrait. On peut y voir de l'écoute. J'y vois une mesure qui n'avait jamais été arbitrée : elle vient d'un autre bout de Paris, elle tombe sur un ministère qui ne l'a pas demandée, elle met une allumette dans une salle déjà chaude. Pas de l'écoute : un rattrapage.
Et pendant que la rue de Grenelle ramasse, Matignon durcit : consigne de fermeté pénale transmise aux procureurs généraux, rassemblements interdits aux abords des lycées fermés, conférence de presse tenue place Beauvau. Un gouvernement qui traite une crise scolaire depuis l'Intérieur et le bureau du directeur de Cabinet à Matignon a déjà dit ce qu'il pensait du dossier.
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La newsletter vous donne le matin. Le fil vous donne l'instant.
Gratuit, et en continu.
REJOINDRE LE FIL t.me/resterlibreNovembre 1986. Le projet Devaquet soulève 500 000 personnes le 27 novembre. Le gouvernement tient. Dans la nuit du 5 au 6 décembre, Malik Oussekine meurt sous les coups de voltigeurs. Le ministre démissionne le 6, Jacques Chirac retire le texte le 8. Chirac est Premier ministre et candidat. Il perd en 1988.
Mars 1994. Le contrat d'insertion professionnelle — le SMIC jeunes — met la jeunesse dans la rue 5 semaines durant. Édouard Balladur retire le dispositif le 30 mars. Il est Premier ministre et favori des sondages. Il perd en 1995.
Mars 2006. Le contrat première embauche est promulgué le 31 mars et remplacé le 10 avril. Dominique de Villepin est Premier ministre, et le recours annoncé de son camp. Il ne sera jamais candidat.
Dans les 3 cas, le pouvoir a cédé sur la mesure. Dans les 3 cas, il est tombé quand même. Ce qui l'a emporté n'était pas le texte : c'était le temps passé entre le premier cortège et le retrait, et ce qu'il avait fait de ce temps. Tenir. Accuser. Charger. Ce n'est jamais la mesure qui emporte un gouvernement, c'est le délai qu'il met à la retirer.
Les 3 ont un autre point commun, et nous y sommes. Le SNES-FSU appelle à la grève le mardi 6 octobre, aux côtés des lycéens. C'est l'instant où des adultes rejoignent, et où un mouvement scolaire devient un mouvement social.
TIPS · SANS ABONNEMENT
Un média libre vit de ses lecteurs. Un pourboire ponctuel, sans compte ni engagement, quand le cœur vous en dit.
Vous donnez ce que vous voulez. Vous restez libre.
LAISSER UN POURBOIRE merci !Pourquoi recommencer une partie perdue 3 fois ? Pas par bêtise — la bêtise explique mal ce qui se répète. Par contrainte.
Pendant 40 ans, l'État français a éteint ses incendies sociaux en payant : une dotation à la filière mécontente, une dérogation à la profession bloquée, un dispositif à la génération en colère. Le 1er octobre, ce même État a déposé un budget qui demande 5,5 milliards aux retraités pour ramener le déficit de la sécurité sociale à 12,7 milliards, et il n'est pas certain de le faire voter. Il n'a plus de quoi acheter la paix. Quand un pouvoir ne peut plus payer, il n'a plus que des uniformes à offrir.
Ce n'est donc pas un gouvernement autoritaire par tempérament : c'est un gouvernement démuni qui découvre que le maintien de l'ordre est la dernière chose qu'il sache encore produire en quantité. Il en produit beaucoup. Et dire d'un mouvement qu'il est manipulé dispense d'écouter ce qu'il demande : des professeurs remplacés, des classes moins chargées, des bâtiments qui tiennent debout. On peut trouver ces revendications naïves. On ne peut pas les trouver séditieuses.
Nous avons notre part. Nous avons été nombreux, cette semaine, à regarder les vidéos en cherchant d'abord si le coup partait d'un casque ou d'une capuche, avant de chercher ce qui était réclamé. C'est confortable, et c'est exactement ce que le raidissement attend de nous : un uniforme plutôt qu'un argument.
Je ne sais pas si le mouvement tiendra après le 6 octobre. Je sais ce que 3 précédents disent de la méthode.
La fermeté, oui. Il n'a plus que ça.
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